Comparative Validity of Members of the Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Groups for Indicating the Presence of Salmonella in the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. ANDREWS ◽  
C. D. DIGGS ◽  
M. W. PRESNELL ◽  
J. J. MIESCIER ◽  
C. R. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Area Standard

During a 24-month survey, 539 samples each of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and the overlying water were collected to determine the relation of most probable number (MPN) of the total and fecal coliform groups in shellfish and water to the presence of Salmonella in the shellfish themselves. Occurrence of Salmonella in the shellfish more closely paralleled a progressive increase in the fecal coliform MPN as compared to the total coliform MPN in the water and shellfish meat. The percentage of Salmonella-positive shellfish samples was somewhat higher in oysters harvested from waters conforming to the present bacteriological approved growing area standard of ≤70 total coliforms per 100 ml water as compared to these same waters meeting a recently proposed fecal coliform standard of ≤14 organisms per 100 ml. In no instance was Salmonella detected in oysters from growing areas officially approved for harvesting on the basis of both a bacteriological and sanitary survey. Of a variety of enrichment broths and plating media used for recovery of Salmonella from oysters, direct enrichment in tetrathionate broth with added brilliant green followed by streaking on bismuth sulfite agar was the most productive combination of media for recovering a large variety of Salmonella serotypes.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF NUMBERS OF COLIFORM BACTERIAL AS WATER QUALITY INDICATOR IN KEPAHIANG DISTRICT RIVERS, BENGKULU PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Sipriyadi Sipriyadi ◽  
Risky Hadi Wibowo ◽  
Welly Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Ph Range

Coliform is a group of microbes that are used as indicators of water quality. Water pollution is generally caused by pathogenic microbes from feces, household waste, and industrial activity waste. This study aimed to estimate the total number of coliform contamination in several rivers in Kepahiang Regency, namely Tebat Monok (TM), Sempiyang (SPY), Penanjung Panjang (PP), Embong Ijok (EI) Air Langkap(ALK), and Air Belimbing (ABB).  Total coliform and Fecal coliform tests were carried out using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method on Lactose Broth, Brillian Green Lactose Bile Broth and pour plates on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media. Measurement of abiotic factors was on temperature and pH parameters. The test results of total coliform showed that 6 rivers contained total coliform under the Class II river water quality standards with a range of 1210/100 mL– 4310/100 mL and 2 rivers that were contaminated with Fecal coliform, TM and ALK, have the content of 1500/100 mL and 1700 / 100 mL. The results of the measurement of the abiotic factor, the river pH range was 7.4 - 8.2. The lowest temperature was 25oC in SPY river and the highest temperature was 26 oC on the TM, PP, EI, ALK, and ABB rivers.

Validity of Members of the Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Groups for Indicating the Presence of Salmonella in the Quahaug, Mercenaria mercenaria

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. ANDREWS ◽  
C. D. DIGGS ◽  
J. J. MIESCIER ◽  
C. R. WILSON ◽  
W. N. ADAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Relationship Of

To determine the relationship of most probable number (MPN) of the total and fecal coliform groups in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters to the presence of Salmonella in quahaugs (Mercenaria mercenaria), a microbiological survey of 214 samples of the quahaug, or hard-shell clam, was done over 24 months. For purposes of this study, waters were classified as safe for shellfish harvesting by one of two criteria: (a) a total coliform MPN of ≤ 70/100 ml of water or (b) a fecal coliform MPN value of ⩽ 14/100 ml of water. None of the quahaug samples harvested from waters meeting these standards contained Salmonella. Additionally, Salmonella was not detected in any of the quahaug samples meeting the wholesale market quality standard of 230 fecal coliforms per 100 g of shellfish as specified by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. An increase in the total coliform and fecal coliform MPN of the waters more closely paralleled an increase in the fecal coliform MPN, as compared to the total coliform MPN of the quahaug meats. Five Salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella parathyphi B, were found singly and in combination in five (2.3%) of the quahaug samples in this survey.

Uptake and Elimination of Bacteria in Shellfish*

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK O. PERKINS ◽  
DEXTER S. HAVEN ◽  
REINALDO MORALES-ALAMO ◽  
MARTHA W. RHODES
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
General Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacterial Accumulation

A general review of knowledge concerning bacterial accumulation and depletion by commercially significant bivalve molluses is presented. Naturally contaminated shellfish can eliminate fecal coliforms (FC) in 48 h to levels below most market standards over a wide range of environmental conditions when sea water flowing to the molluses is treated so that fecal coliform levels are indeterminate or marginally determinate as assayed by standard methodology. Most probable number (MPN) enumerations of shellfish depurated for 48 h by the authors yielded a median value of < 18 FC/100 g of oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) meats with < 10% of the samples exceeding 78 FC/100 g.

scholarly journals Quantity of Coliform Bacteria as Bioindicator of Water Pollution (Case Study: Several Tributaries in Purwokerto City, Banyumas Regency, Central Java)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nur Laila Rahayu ◽  
Eko Hendarto ◽  
Indah Sulistiyawati ◽  
Rina Dwi Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
The City

The city of Purwokerto is crossed by several large rivers, this research examines several tributaries of a large river. Some tributaries that pass through the city of Purwokerto are the Raden River, the Caban River, the Jurig River and the Luhur River. Tributaries have the potential to influence water quality. This study aimed to analyze the quantity of coliform bacteria as an indicator of water pollution in several tributaries in Purwokerto City, Banyumas Regency. Microbiological tests were carried out by calculating the total coliform quantity and fecal coliform using the Most Probable Number (MPN) test. Total coliform and fecal coliform can be used as a reference indicator of water quality in the presence of water pollution. The laboratory test results for the quantity of coliform bacteria showed in several tributaries in Purwokerto City, Banyumas Regency, very high in total coliform or fecal coliform, exceeding the water quality standard.

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

scholarly journals Kilis İli İçme Sularının Koliform Bakteri Yönünden İncelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ayşenur Özşavlı ◽  
Figen Şahin ◽  
Mehtap Sadak ◽  
Kıvılcım Çaktü Güler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Public Drinking Water ◽  
Public Drinking ◽  
Different Sources

In this study, fecal pollution was investigated in 6 different sources of public drinking water in Kilis. In the samples taken as seasonal (October, January, April and July) total coliform was tested with the Most Probable Number method. The total number of coliforms detected these source used as drinking water ranged from 3-1100

scholarly journals Is Drinking Water Sources Safe for Drink? A Multicenter Assessment of Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water Sources in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goyitom Gebremedhn ◽  
Abera Aregawi Berhe ◽  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Lemlem Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Abstract Background Fecal contamination of drinking water sources is the main cause of diarrhea with estimated incidence of 4.6 billion episodes and 2.2 million deaths every year. Methods A total of 145 water samples of different source type were collected from different areas in Tigray region from August 2018 to January 2019. The water samples from each site were selected purposively which involved sampling of water sources with the highest number of users and functionality status during the study period. Most Probable Number (MPN) protocol was used for the bacteriological analysis of the samples. Results A total of 145 water samples were collected from six zones in Tigray region, Ethiopia from August 2018 to January 2019. The study indicated that 63(43.5%) of the water samples were detected to have fecal coliform which is E.coli. In Mekelle city, which is the capital city of Tigray region, three in five 34(60.7%) of the collected samples were confirmed to have fecal coliform. Water samples from health facilities were 9.48 times [AOR=9.48, 95%CI: (1.59, 56.18)] more likely to have fecal coliform. Water samples from wells were 10.23 times [AOR=10.23, 95%CI: (2.74, 38.26)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from Tap/Pipe. Similarly, water samples from hand pumps were 22.28 times [AOR=22.28, 95%CI: (1.26, 393.7)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from Tap/Pipe. Water samples reported to be not chlorinated were 3.51 times [AOR=3.51, 95%CI: (1.35, 9.13)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from chlorinated sources. Conclusion In this study all water source, including the chlorinated drinking water sources, were found highly contaminated with fecal origin bacteria. This may be mainly due to constructional defects, poor sanitation inspection, poor maintenance, intermittent water supply and irregular chlorination.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a solar still in destroying virus and indicator bacteria in water for human consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Felipe Tiago do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Augusto do Nascimento ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Rodrigo Staggemeier ◽  
Cláudio Marcos Lauer Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Probable Number

Natural water distillation can destroy and/or inactivate microorganisms that are sensitive to heat and ultraviolet radiation (UV). This method is currently used to provide fresh water in ships and in the desalination of brackish water. For the development of this research, a pilot-scale solar still was built and installed in the southern region of Brazil, in order to assess its efficiency in water disinfection, which was based on the most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and  Escherichia coli, in addition to the DNA copy number of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) in raw, undistilled samples and in treated distilled water. Results showed that the distillation process removed 100% of total coliform and Escherichia coli and 4.5 log (99.997%) of HAdV-5, which meets the microbiological standards for drinking water according to national Brazilian regulations, as well as USEPA and HEALTH CANADA requirements.

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