Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children

2017 ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
Joseph McClay ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Jonathan Mill ◽  
Judy Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Maltreated Children

Memory and identity: intergenerational narratives of violence among refugees in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Dragojević
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Second World

This article examines the role of the intergenerational memory of the Second World War (WWII) in identity formation and political mobilization. An existing explanation in the ethnic-conflict literature is that strategic political leaders play a crucial role in constructing and mobilizing ethnic identities. However, based on 114 open-ended interviews with individuals born in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia, conducted in Serbia during 2008–2011, nearly a third of the respondents make spontaneous references to WWII in their statements, usually drawing parallels between the cycle of violence in the 1990s and that in the 1940s. The question this article asks, then, is why some respondents make references to WWII spontaneously while others do not. It is argued that intergenerational narratives of past cycles of violence also constitute a process of identity formation, in addition to, or apart from, other processes of identity formation. The respondents mention WWII violence in the context of the 1990s events because they “recognize” elements, such as symbols, discourse or patterns of violence, similar to those in the intergenerational narratives and interpret them as warning signs. Hence, individuals who had previously been exposed to intergenerational narratives may be subsequently more susceptible to political mobilization efforts.

Seeking Reconciliation

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-124
Author(s):  
Arzoo Osanloo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legitimate Violence ◽  
Sense Of Power ◽  
The Way

This chapter studies the operations of the Iranian criminal law and analyzes how the procedural administration of the law animates the shariʻa. Iranian criminal laws provide many avenues for victims to forgo retributive sanctioning. But preserving the right of retribution serves several purposes: maintaining the sovereign's monopoly on legitimate violence, giving victims a sense of power, and halting the cycle of violence. The way Iran achieves this comprises an interesting balancing act between maintaining the monopoly over legitimate violence and granting individual victims the right of retribution, which its leaders believe, through their interpretation of the shariʻa, cannot be appropriated by the sovereign. Since the law categorizes intentional murder as qisas and leaves judges with no discretion in sentencing, the judges may use their considerable influence to pressure the family to forgo retribution. The chapter then considers the role of judges and examines how the laws (substantive and procedural) shape their reasoning and discretion in both sentencing and encouraging forbearance.

Who Are the Victims and Who Are the Perpetrators in Dating Violence? Sharing the Role of Victim and Perpetrator

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihyun Park ◽  
Sin-Hyang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Overlap Model ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Dating violence (DV) is a serious problem with devastating consequences. Often, research on DV has focused on two distinct groups: victims and perpetrators. However, there is growing evidence for a victim–perpetrator overlap model, which posits that those involved in DV are more likely to take on both roles, rather than either role on its own. Purpose: We investigated the patterns of involvement in DV among those who identified themselves as victims or perpetrators in previous studies. Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 371 variables related to participants’ previous and concurrent experiences of DV victimization or perpetration (202 variables related to victimization and 169 related to perpetration) were identified in 25 studies, which were found by systematically searching three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Results: The majority of previous studies categorized study participants as either DV victims or perpetrators; however, those who identified themselves as either DV victims or DV perpetrators were more likely to assume the opposite role as well. Specifically, current DV perpetrators had a strong association with previous or concurrent victimization experiences, and current DV victims were similarly likely to have assumed the roles of both victim and perpetrator in their histories. Conclusion: Further efforts should be put into avoiding categorization of those involved in violence; rather, they should be regarded as a single group. Additionally, evidence-based interventions should be developed for this population to help break the cycle of violence.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment and the Advocacy Role of Professional School Counselors

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Marie Barrett ◽  
Susan V. Lester ◽  
Judith C. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Professional School Counselors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Advocacy Role

Recent focus in counseling has been on the expansion of advocacy to disadvantaged and marginalized populations. Utilizing advocacy dispositions and competencies, this article details the school counselor's role in working with maltreated children. Examples are cited for advocacy work at the individual child, school, and broader social levels.

scholarly journals Breaking the Cycle of Violence Among Youth Living in Metropolitan Atlanta: A Case History of Kids Alive and Loved

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Thomas ◽  
Bernadette Leite ◽  
Ted Duncan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation Theory ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
History Of

More teenagers in the United States die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes of disease combined. Firearm-related mortality accounts for almost half of all deaths among African American teens. Residents of central cities have the highest probability of experiencing violent crimes. This article describes an innovative community-based intervention designed to break the cycle of violence among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The intervention, Kids Alive and Loved (KAL), emerged from the African American community as one mother's response to the violent death of her 17-year-old son. The authors describe how her response to tragedy gave birth to a culturally appropriate intervention for youth exposed to violence. This article delineates the evolution of KAL, the role of community partners in the design of the intervention, and how diffusion of innovation theory has implications for understanding the KAL approach to breaking the cycle of violence.

“(I Think) My Mother Thinks I Am, Therefore I Am.” The Looking-glass Self in Maltreated Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Carla Sofia Silva ◽  
Maria Manuela Calheiros
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Reflected Appraisals ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Adolescent Maltreatment ◽  
Looking Glass

Children and adolescents with maltreatment experiences show worse representations of themselves, as compared to their nonmaltreated counterparts. According to the looking-glass self hypothesis (LGSH), individuals’ self-representations (SR) stem from interactions with significant others, reflecting associations between what significant others think of them (i.e., actual appraisals), individuals’ perceptions of significant others’ appraisals of them (i.e., reflected appraisals), and SR. However, little is known about the looking-glass self process in maltreated children and adolescents. This multi-informant study aimed to test the LGSH within the mother–child relationship with children and adolescents with maltreatment experiences. Specifically, including maltreatment experiences as co-predictors, this study analyzed the mediating role of mothers’ reflected appraisals (MRA) in associations between mothers’ actual appraisals (MAA) and children/adolescents’ SR. Participants were 203 children/adolescents (52.5% boys), 8–16 years old ( M = 12.6; SD = 2.49), assisted by children and youth protection committees (CYPC), their mother, and their CYPC case workers. Case workers reported on child/adolescent maltreatment, children/adolescents reported on SR and MRA, and mothers reported on MAA. A multiple mediation path analysis revealed significant mediation effects of MRA between MAA and child/adolescent SR in instrumental, social, emotional, intelligence, and opposition SR, thus supporting the LGSH in the context of child/adolescent maltreatment. Also, psychological neglect was associated to worse intelligence SR, mediated by intelligence reflected appraisals. Findings emphasize the importance of the role of MRA on maltreated children and adolescents’ SR construction process, and provide useful clues to incorporate in prevention and intervention strategies targeting maltreated children and adolescents.

Why do Victims become Perpetrators of Peer Bullying? Moral Disengagement in the Cycle of Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2097370
Author(s):  
Daniel Falla ◽  
Rosario Ortega-Ruiz ◽  
Kevin Runions ◽  
Eva M. Romera
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Bullying Perpetration ◽  
Peer Bullying ◽  
Moderating Role

Previous studies have shown that there is overlap between victimization and the perpetration of bullying, and social and motivational variables are known to mediate this relationship. However, the effects of different moral disengagement strategies have not been studied, despite the fact that they exert a major influence on aggressive behavior. This hypothesis and the moderating role of gender were tested through a longitudinal study ( N = 2,066) administered in three waves at 6-month intervals. The results indicated that cognitive restructuring influenced the association between victimization and subsequent bullying. In high victimization scores, boys had higher scores in bullying perpetration compared to girls. The conclusion underlines the importance of the role of morals and ethics in peer relations and in the cycle of violence.

scholarly journals The role of cortisol and psychopathy in the cycle of violence

2013 ◽  
Vol 227 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Gowin ◽  
Charles E. Green ◽  
Joseph L. Alcorn ◽  
Alan C. Swann ◽  
F. Gerard Moeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Of Violence
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