Climate change and human security: the international governance architectures, policies and instruments

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 129-139

Author(s):

Naresh Bhakta Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Human Security ◽

Well Being ◽

Environmental Security ◽

Government Action ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Environmental Threat ◽

Analytical Research ◽

The Government

The paper mainly analyses the environmental threats focusing on climate change to human security in Nepal. Major aspects of human security are interlinked and interconnected in our context. Among them, human security offers much to the vibrant field of environmental security in Nepal. Environmental threats are linked to the overall impact on human survival, well-being, and productivity. A great deal of human security is tied to peoples’ access to natural resources and vulnerabilities to environmental change. The major environmental threats in our context is the climate change which have widespread implications for Nepal, causing impacts to water availability, agricultural production, forestry, among many other detrimental effects. The critical threat of environmental security needs to be taken into serious consideration to save our succeeding generation. This article primarily interpreted the government action towards emerging environmental threat based on realist approach. For the study of theme of this article, descriptive and analytical research has been used to draw present major environmental threats in Nepal. With consideration to factors, this article attempted to identify the major environmentally vulnerable areas that are likely to hamper the overall status of human security in Nepal. This paper also tried to suggest the measures to enhance the environmental security considering prospects and policy focusing on Nepalese diverse aspects.

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Sustainability and Security: Human Security within Climate Change Regime

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1121667 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Nidhi Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Security

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Climate change and security in Canada

International Journal Canada s Journal of Global Policy Analysis ◽

10.1177/00207020211019325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 183-203

Author(s):

Wilfrid Greaves

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

National Security ◽

Human Security ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Future Research ◽

National Interests ◽

Domestic Conflict ◽

The Third ◽

Current State ◽

Humanitarian Crises

This article examines the implications of human-caused climate change for security in Canada. The first section outlines the current state of climate change, the second discusses climate change impacts on human security in Canada, and the third outlines four other areas of Canada’s national interests threatened by climate change: economic threats; Arctic threats; humanitarian crises at home and abroad; and the threat of domestic conflict. In the conclusion, I argue that climate change has clearly not been successfully “securitized” in Canada, despite the material threats it poses to human and national security, and outline directions for future research.

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Thailand Environmental Policies: Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change and Implications for Human Security

Global Warming and Climate Change ◽

10.1057/9780230281257_25 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 427-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keokam Kraisoraphong

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Security ◽

Environmental Policies ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation

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International Governance on Carbon Tariff and Its Vacuum in International Regime

Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies ◽

10.1142/s2345748113500085 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 1350008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mou WANG

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Developing Countries ◽

International Trade ◽

Global Climate ◽

Developed Countries ◽

International Governance ◽

International Consensus ◽

Climate Governance ◽

Emission Quota ◽

Carbon Tariff

Drawing on the idea that countries are eligible to implement differentiated emission reduction policies based on their respective capabilities, some parties of UNFCCC attempt to weaken the principle of “Common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)” and impose carbon tariff on international trade. This initiative is in fact another camouflage to burden developing countries with emission cut obligation, which has no doubt undermined the development rights of developing countries. This paper defines Carbon Tariff as border measures that target import goods with embodied carbon emission. It can be import tariffs or other domestic tax measures that adjust border tax, which includes plain import tariffs and export rebates, border tax adjustment, emission quota and permit etc. For some developed countries, carbon tariffs mean to sever trade protectionism and to build trade barriers. Its theoretical arguments like “loss of comparative advantage”, “carbon leakage decreases environmental effectiveness” and “theoretical model bases” are pseudo-propositions without international consensus. Carbon tariff has become an intensively debated issue due to its duality of climate change and trade, but neither UNFCCC nor WTO has clarified this issue or has indicated a clear statement in this regard. As a result, it allows some parties to take advantage of this loophole and escape its international climate change obligation. Carbon tariff is an issue arising from global climate governance. To promote the cooperation of global climate governance and safeguard the social and economic development of developing countries, a fair and justified climate change regime and international trade institution should be established, and the settlement of the carbon tariff issue should be addressed within these frameworks. This paper argues that the international governance of carbon tariff should in cooperation with other international agreements; however, principles and guidelines regarding this issue should be developed under the UNFCCC. Based on these principles and guidelines, WTO can develop related technical operation provisions.

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Perspectives on contextual vulnerability in discourses of climate conflict

Earth System Dynamics ◽

10.5194/esd-7-89-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 89-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

U. T. Okpara ◽

L. C. Stringer ◽

A. J. Dougill

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Discourse Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Human Security ◽

Constructivist Theory ◽

Discursive Formation ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. The science of climate security and conflict is replete with controversies. Yet the increasing vulnerability of politically fragile countries to the security consequences of climate change is widely acknowledged. Although climate conflict reflects a continuum of conditional forces that coalesce around the notion of vulnerability, how different portrayals of vulnerability influence the discursive formation of climate conflict relations remains an exceptional but under-researched issue. This paper combines a systematic discourse analysis with a vulnerability interpretation diagnostic tool to explore (i) how discourses of climate conflict are constructed and represented, (ii) how vulnerability is communicated across discourse lines, and (iii) the strength of contextual vulnerability against a deterministic narrative of scarcity-induced conflict, such as that pertaining to land. Systematically characterising climate conflict discourses based on the central issues constructed, assumptions about mechanistic relationships, implicit normative judgements and vulnerability portrayals, provides a useful way of understanding where discourses differ. While discourses show a wide range of opinions "for" and "against" climate conflict relations, engagement with vulnerability has been less pronounced – except for the dominant context centrism discourse concerned about human security (particularly in Africa). In exploring this discourse, we observe an increasing sense of contextual vulnerability that is oriented towards a concern for complexity rather than predictability. The article concludes by illustrating that a turn towards contextual vulnerability thinking will help advance a constructivist theory-informed climate conflict scholarship that recognises historicity, specificity, and variability as crucial elements of contextual totalities of any area affected by climate conflict.

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