scholarly journals Production of grazed tropical grasses in different agroecosystems in Puerto Rico. II. humid northern coastal plains

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Doralissa Vera de Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Humid Region

A field experiment was conducted near Barceloneta in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of 10 tropical grasses: Cynodon sp. local, Digitaria pentzii Slenderstem, C. nlemfuensis Star, C. plectostachyus Star, C. dactylon Coastcross-1, D. milanjiana Pangola Soto, Panicum maximum Guinea, P. maximum Guinea USDA PI 259553, P. maximum Makueni and D. decumbens Transvala grazed at 3- to 5-week intervals for one and a half year. P. maximum USDA PI 259553 was the most productive grass, but during the 13 grazings in 1981-1982, it was not significantly different (P=0.05) from C. plectostachyus Star; Cynodon sp. Local, D. pentzii Slenderstem, C. nlemfuensis Star, P. maximum Makueni, and D. decumbens Transvala. Guinea and D. milanjiana Pangola Soto were the least productive (P=0.05). Results for 7 grazings from January to June 1983 again showed P. maximum USDA PI 259553 to be the most productive grass, although not significantly different (P=0.05) from D. decumbens Transvala, C. dactylon Coastcross-1 and D. pentzii. The production of P. maximum Makueni and C. plectostachyus Star was intermediate; C. nlemfuensis Star and Guinea were the least productive, and D. milanjiana Pangola Soto did not persist under intensive grazing (P=0.05). The total mean production of all grasses of 0.92 and 1.00 ton/ha/grazing, respectively, were related to rainfall distribution. The general mean in crude protein content of forage was higher during the drier months. Average production of all grasses in this experiment was lower than in a similar experiment at Corozal in the humid region of Puerto Rico, the relative difference varied among cultivars.

Production of grazed tropical grasses in different agroecosystems in Puerto Rico: I. Humid mountain

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Doralisa Vera de Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Second Year

A field experiment was conducted at the Corozal Experiment Substation in the humid mountain region of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of tropical grasses, Brachiaria humidicula, Cynodon dactylon cv. Bermuda, C. nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis cv. Star, Digitaria pentzii cv. Slenderstem, D. decumbens cv. Transvala, C. plectostachyus cv. Star and Panicum maximum cv. Makueni in small plots grazed at 5- to 7-week intervals for 2 years. P. maximum cv. Makueni was the most productive grass the first year, with a mean of 1.71 ton/ha dry forage per grazing period, but it was not statistically different (P = 0.05) from B. humidicola and C. dactylon cv. Bermuda. D. pentzii was the least productive. Production of all grasses, except P. maximum cv. Makueni, decreased during the short cool days in December and January. B. humidicola was the most productive grass the second year, with a mean of 1.73 ton/ha of dry forage, followed very closely by P. maximum cv. Makueni. Again D. pentzii cv. Slenderstem was one of the least productive, and C. nlemfuensis did not persist. Mean production of all grasses decreased during the drier periods; however, the crude protein content was higher. Total annual forage production was similar in both years, with means of 15.8 and 15.1 ton/ha dry forage, but much lower than the reported yields of these cultivars under cutting management in Puerto Rico.

Production of grazed tropical grasses at Toa Baja in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Doralisa Vera de Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

A field experiment was conducted on a private farm near Toa Baja in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of 12 tropical grasses, Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis Star, C. dactylon Coastcross-1, Brachiaria brizantha Signal, B. ruzuziensis Congo PR PI 5366 and 11716, C. dactylon Toño, Eriochloa polystachya Carib, C. plectostachyus Star, Digitaria decumbens Transvala, C. plectostachyus Star, B. radicans Tanner and Panicum maximum Makueni under grazing at 3- to 5-week intervals for 2 years. Average production per grazing period, 1.59 and 1.52 ton/ha, respectively, was not significantly different (P = 0.05) among species and cultivars in either year. Forage production in December and May was low compared to that of other periods. This difference might have been associated with low rainfall in December 1983 and April 1984. Lower production in October and early November, 1984, was due to unusually low rainfall that year. Differences in relative palatability of the large number of species and cultivars, and the low grazing pressure at which they were evaluated might explain the lack of significant differences in the performance of these grasses. These variables must be taken into consideration in the design of future experiments for better interpretation of the results.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility of Five Heavily Fertilized Tropical Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
S. Tessema ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
A. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Samples from five tropical grass species: Guinea (Panicum maximum), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Merker (Pennisetum purpureum), and Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), were harvested during nine weeks at ages from 7 to 63 days in southwestern Puerto Rico. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4480 kg/ha per year with a 15-5-10 fertilizer. The crude protein content of all grasses exceeded 10 percent up through 28 days of regrowth. Grasses declined in crude protein from a mean of 18.1 percent at 7 days to 5.6 percent at 63 days. A narrower range was observed between grasses from 42 to 63 days. The five tropical grasses possessed high contents of structural carbohydrates, principally cellulose and lignin, which increased with age, except in Pangola grass. Silica did not change uniformly with age in any of the grasses while hemicellulose was characterized by marked fluctuations. Digestibility values were lower at all stages of growth than in temperate forages of similar ages. Cellulose was negatively correlated with in vitro digestibility in all grasses except Pangola. Lignin appeared to be the predominant factor in determining digestibility. The relationship of silica to digestibility varied between species, being positive in some (Guinea and Congo) and negative in others (Star, Pangola, and Merker). The grasses may be ranked as follows with regard to their chemical composition and digestibility: Merker > Congo > Star > Guinea > Pangola. Pangola grass, though lowest in in vitro digestibility, declined least with advancing age, thus maintaining a more constant quality for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Production of grazed tropical grasses in different agroecosystems in Puerto Rico. III. Semiarid

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Angel V. Méndez-cruz
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

A field experiment was conducted at the Lajas Experiment Substation in the semiarid region of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of 8 tropical grasses, Cynodon nlemfuensis Star, C. dactylon Coastcross-1, C. plectostachyus Star, Panicum maximum USDA Pl291047, Makueni, Guinea and P. maximum USDA PI 259553, and the naturalized pasture Dichanthium annulatus pajon. Small plots were grazed at 3- to 5-week intervals for 2 years. P. maximum USDA PI 259553 and Makueni were highly productive in the semiarid,.region, as well as in previous experiments in humid regions in Puerto Rico. They are highly recommended for grazing trials. P. maximum Makueni and USDA PI 291047 were the most productive during the first year, although they were not significantly different (P=0.05) from P. maximum USDA PI 259553 and Common Guinea, and Cynodon plectyostachyus Star. The production of C. nlemluensis Star was similar to that of Dichanthium annulatus but higher than that of C. dactylon Coastcross-1 (P=0.05). The average production for all grasses declined at the beginning of the year, during the cool short days in February and March, 1983, without any significant difference (P=0.05) among species and cultivars. Production increased at the beginning of the rainy season, but it was low at the peak of the rainy season because of trampling in poorly aerated and compact soils. C. plectostachyus Star was the most productive grass during the second year of experiment, although it was not significantly different (P=0.05) from P. maximum USDA PI 291017 and 259553 and cultivar Makueni. The production of Common Guinea and that of D. annulatus were. similar and higher than that of C. nlemfuensis Star and C. dactylon Coastcross-1 (P=0.05), which did not persist at the end of the experiment. Forage production during the second year was lower than in the first year because of less rainfall in 1983. The mean CP content of all grasses varied from 11.29 to 14.05, except that of D. annulatus, which was only 9.73%. CP content was lower during the periods of maximum forage production.

Evaluation of Tropical Grasses for Forage Yield and Crude Protein Content in the Pothwar Plateau of Pakistan

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ali ◽  
Imtiaz A. Qamar ◽  
Asghar Ali . ◽  
M. Arshad . ◽  
Javed Iqbal .
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Tropical Grasses

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

scholarly journals Yield and Nutritive Value of Sorghum, Maize and Soybean Forages Harvested in Southwestern Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-411
Author(s):  
D. G. St. Louis ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
A. Ramírez-Ortiz ◽  
R. E. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
High Yields

Six varieties of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum X sudangrass hybrids (S. bicolor X S. sudanese), six varieties of grain sorghum (S. bicolor) and three varieties each of maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) were grown in 1.2 x 3.7 m plots at the Lajas Experiment Substation. All plots were harvested in the boot, flower and dough stages. Ratoons of the sorghum varieties were also harvested after 45 days of regrowth until the stands diminished. The forage sorghums and maize had higher yields of green and dry material than the grain sorghums. However, only the grain sorghums showed any significant increase in yield as the crop matured. All crops decreased in nutritive value with advance in age. In general, maize was higher in nutritive value than the forage sorghums. Results indicated that forage sorghums can be recommended due to high yields of good quality forage on irrigated lands on the south coast. However, results with soybean forage were poor. It does not appear feasible to produce soybeans to enhance the crude protein content of forage pellets.

The nutritive value of protein in subtropical pasture species grown in south-eastern Queensland

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Feeding Trials

Examination of the data from 138 indoor pen-feeding trials with sheep showed that, for 22 grasses and 6 legumes grown in south-east Queensland, crude protein digestibility was related to percentage crude protein content (R = 0.885 ; P<0.001) and to the nitrogen balance of the sheep (R = 0.776 ; P<0.001). The equations derived from these relations can be used to estimate the nutritive value of protein from the crude protein content. Under ad lib. feeding; zero nitrogen balance was estimated to occur at a crude digestibility of 49 per cent (95 per cent fiducial limits = 47, 52) and this digestibility was attained at a crude protein content of 8 per cent (95 per cent limits = 7.0, 9.0). The implications of these estimates are illustrated with the aid of some data on changes with age in the crude protein content of sub-tropical grasses and legumes.

scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO NO TEOR DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE PASTAGENS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Laísa Scotti Antoniel ◽  
Giuliani Do Prado ◽  
Tarcio Rocha ◽  
Wagner Wilson Ávila Bombardelli ◽  
Gabriel Augusto Beltrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Set Up ◽  
E Mail

irrigação no teor de proteína bruta de duas espécies de pastagens LAÍSA SCOTTI ANTONIEL1; GIULIANI DO PRADO1; TARCIO ROCHA1; WAGNER WILSON ÁVILA BOMBARDELLI1; GABRIEL AUGUSTO BELTRAME1 E JHESMILA INGRIDY BUENO1 1 Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Campus do Arenito - CAR, 87.820-000, Cidade Gaúcha, Paraná, Brasil. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO Pastagens tem sido a principal fonte alimentar de bovinos e sua qualidade é essencial para reduzir o tempo de pastejo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, ao longo de quatro cortes, o teor de proteína bruta (PB) de duas espécies de pastagens, Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, submetidas a diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Cidade Gaúcha/PR em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em faixas, no tempo e com quatro repetições. As lâminas de irrigação, estabelecidas pelo percentual da evapotranspiração de referência (0, 23, 60, 100, 152 e 196%) constituíram o tratamento principal, as duas espécies de pastagens o tratamento secundário e os cortes o tempo. Nos diferentes cortes observou-se que: i) as lâminas de irrigação não apresentaram diferenças significativas no teor de PB das pastagens; ii) a pastagem Mombaça apresentou maiores teores de PB em relação a pastagem Piatã. Ao longo dos cortes houve um decréscimo no teor de PB das pastagens; para a pastagem Mombaça, o teor de PB decresceu de 16,61 para 11,68%, enquanto que na pastagem Piatã, esse decréscimo foi de 15,34 para 10,42%. No quarto corte o teor de PB da pastagem Piatã foi inferior ao limite aceitável de 11% para bovinos em crescimento. Palavras-chave: lâminas de irrigação, evapotranspiração, cortes  ANTONIEL, L. S.; PRADO, G.; ROCHA, T.; BOMBARDELLI, W. W. A.; BELTRAME, G. A.; BUENO, J. I.Irrigation on crude protein content of two pasture species  2 ABSTRACT Pastures have been the main source of feeding cattle and its quality is essential for reducing the grazing time. Thus the paper aimed to evaluate, over four cutting cycles, the crude protein (CP) content of two pasture species, Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, under different irrigation depths. The experiment was carried out in Cidade Gaúcha city, Paraná state and set up in strip plot in time arrangement with four replications. Irrigation depths were set out as a percentage of the reference evapotranspiration (0, 23, 60, 100, 152 and 196%) and they constituted the main treatment. The secondary treatment and the time were represented, respectively, by the two pasture species and the cutting cycle. In different cutting cycles was observed that: i) irrigation depths had no influence on the pasture CP contents; ii) the Mombaça pasture type presented higher CP content than the Piatã pasture type. Over the cutting cycles there was a decrease in the CP content of the pastures; whereas the CP content of Mombaça pasture type declined from 16.61 to 11.68%, the Piatã pasture type it was from 15,34 to 10.42%. In the fourth cutting cycle, the CP content of Piatã pasture was lower than the acceptable limit of 11% for growing cattle. Keywords: irrigation depths, evapotranspiration, cutting cycle

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