scholarly journals METALLO-ß-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION IN IMIPENEM RESISTANT STRAINS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Fazle Bari ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Hamzullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Background: Nosocomial infections are major health issues in developing as well as developed countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of MBL production in Pseudomnas aeruginosa that causes resistance to Imipenem and other ß-lactam antibiotics. Materials & Methods: A sample of 52 Imipenem resistant Pseudomnas aeruginosa colonizing or infecting the hospitalized patients were collected in Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from June 2014 till May 2016. The organisms were identified by routine laboratory tests including biochemical methods and API NE System (Biomeriux) and the sensitivity pattern of commonly used antibiotics was established for each of these isolates using the disc diffusion method. Imipenem resistant strains were tested for MBL production by Imipenem-EDTA disc diffusion method. Results: The frequency of MBL activity was positive in 39 (75%) cases of Pseudomnas aeruginosa which encodes resistance to Imipenem and other ß-lactam antibiotics except monobactam. The sensitivity pattern of these antibiotics was as follows: piperacillin/ tazobactam 30.8%, amikacin and polymyxin B each 17.9%, tobramycin 12.8%, cefoperazone/ sulbactam and ceftazidime each 5.1%, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, colistin sulphate, tetracycline, azithromycin and aztreonam each 2.6% and co-trimoxzole, gentamicin & rifampin each 0%. Conclusion: MBL production in P. aeruginosa confers a challenge for clinicians to treat such resistant infections with conventional antibiotics. Therefore testing each Imipenem resistant Pseudomnas aeruginosa for MBL production must be taken in routine consideration.

scholarly journals METALLO-ß-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION IN IMIPENEM RESISTANT STRAINS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazle Bari ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Hamzullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Background: Nosocomial infections are major health issues in developing as well as developed countries. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of MBL production in Pseudomnas aeruginosa that causes resistance to Imipenem and other ß-lactam antibiotics. Materials & Methods: A sample of 52 Imipenem resistant Pseudomnas aeruginosa colonizing or infecting the hospitalized patients were collected in Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from June 2014 till May 2016. The organisms were identified by routine laboratory tests including biochemical methods and API NE System (Biomeriux) and the sensitivity pattern of commonly used antibiotics was established for each of these isolates using the disc diffusion method. Imipenem resistant strains were tested for MBL production by Imipenem-EDTA disc diffusion method. Results: The frequency of MBL activity was positive in 39 (75%) cases of Pseudomnas aeruginosa which encodes resistance to Imipenem and other ß-lactam antibiotics except monobactam. The sensitivity pattern of these antibiotics was as follows: piperacillin/ tazobactam 30.8%, amikacin and polymyxin B each 17.9%, tobramycin 12.8%, cefoperazone/ sulbactam and ceftazidime each 5.1%, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, colistin sulphate, tetracycline, azithromycin and aztreonam each 2.6% and co-trimoxzole, gentamicin & rifampin each 0%. Conclusion: MBL production in P. aeruginosa confers a challenge for clinicians to treat such resistant infections with conventional antibiotics. Therefore testing each Imipenem resistant Pseudomnas aeruginosa for MBL production must be taken in routine consideration.

High incidence of treatment failure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates to ciprofloxacin in male gonococcal urethritis in Delhi

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chowdhry ◽  
D Pandhi ◽  
S Vidhani ◽  
P Bhalla ◽  
B S N Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Response ◽  
Gonococcal Urethritis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Several treatment failures and widespread antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin have been documented, subsequent to its initial recommendation in 1989 as a single dose alternative therapy for gonorrhoea. Still, it continues to be part of various treatment schedules in National STD control guidelines including India. This prompted us to study the current status of this drug in the treatment of gonorrhoea. Thirty-five male patients with gonococcal urethritis were included in the study. The susceptibility to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin by agar plate dilution method. The clinical and bacteriological response was assessed on day 5 after treatment with single dose ciprofloxacin, 500 mg. The sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was observed to be: ceftriaxone 100%, azithromycin 100%, tetracycline 65.7%, penicillin 40% and ciprofloxacin 5.7% by disc diffusion method. The MIC for ciprofloxacin was below 0.06 µg/mL (sensitive) in one (2.5%) isolate only. On the fifth day a large number of treatment failures (88.5%) were seen with ciprofloxacin while none was noted one week after re-treatment with ceftriaxone. The location of endemic quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in New Delhi has increased alarmingly, resulting in an extremely high proportion of therapeutic failures, and thus requiring appropriate alterations in the presently recommended treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Interpretive criteria to differentiate low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Elane Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Couto Marques Cardozo ◽  
Elizabeth de Andrade Marques ◽  
Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos ◽  
Marcia Giambiagi deMarval
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified into three mupirocin susceptibility groups by the disc diffusion method using 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs. The zone diameter observed for a 5 μg disc distinguished MupS from the resistant strains (either MupRL or MupRH). On the other hand, a 200 μg disc distinguished the high-resistance MupRH strains from the other two (MupS or MupRL). Thus, the concomitant use of 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs allowed the clear distinction among the three mupirocin susceptibility groups, MupS, MupRL or MupRH.

Endemic Resistance to Amikacin Among Hospital Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacilli: Implications for Therapy

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Wormser ◽  
Joseph Tatz ◽  
Joseph Donath
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Geographic Clustering ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractWe reviewed the records of the microbiology laboratory of the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York in order to determine the prevalence, epidemiology and complete antibiotic susceptibility profile of amikacin-resistant aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens submitted for culture between January 1,1980 and May 1,1981. Of more than 5000 gram-negative rods isolated during this 16-month period, 2.8% were determined to be resistant to amikacin by the disc diffusion method. Eighty-eight of the amikacin-resistant organisms were unique isolates derived from cultures on 74 patients located throughout the hospital. Urine (51%) and sputum (27%) were the predominant sources of specimens yielding resistant strains. These organisms represented seven different genera of Enterobacteriaceae (58%) orPseudomonas aeruginosa(31%) and other glucose non-fermenting species (11%). Resistance to amikacin was usually associated with resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin and most of the other antimicrobials tested. Twenty percent of isolates were susceptible to only a single antimicrobial, and another 5% were resistant to every agent routinely tested. Although geographic clustering of a small number of amikacin-resistant organisms occurred twice (a strain ofProteus mirabilison the spinal cord injury service and a strain ofP. aeruginosaon one medical ward), the vast majority of isolations were consistent with a pattern of endemic resistance.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN CASES OF OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Spriha Smriti ◽  
Babita Kumari ◽  
Pratulya Nandan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Bone Cortex

Introduction- Osteomyelitis refers to infection of bone marrow which spread to the bone cortex and periosteum. Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by pyogenic bacteria. Despite greater advances in treatment the management of osteomyelitis is quite challenging due to increasing development of antibiotic resistance. Material and Methods -100 patients were evaluated. Samples like pus or exudates or pieces of necrotic tissue were taken. Samples were subjected to gram’s staining and culture. Antimicrobial sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS - Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae P. aeuroginosa and Proteus. Staphylococcus aureus + E coli was the most common polymicrobial organism isolated. In trauma cases most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamycin was the commonest antibiotic which was effective for treatment of osteomyelitis followed by amikacin, tobramycin and levofloxacin.In cases of gram positive organism max were seen to sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.

scholarly journals Determination of Vancomycin and Linezolid Resistance Among Staphylococcal Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
R. Shakthi D. Venkatesha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the commonest causes of hospital acquired infections. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA. Increase in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Vancomycin has been observed in both Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcal isolates. In critically ill patients, Vancomycin has become a poor therapeutic antibiotic whereas; Linezolid has emerged as an alternative drug in treating such patients. This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity pattern among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to Vancomycin and Linezolid, in order to formulate a better treatment.100 S. aureuswere isolated from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and MICs of Vancomycin and Linezolid were determined by E-test following CLSI guidelines. Out of 100 S. aureus isolated, 68 were MRSA strains. Among 68 strains of MRSA for which MIC levels of Vancomycin 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 4, 27, and 37 respectively. Similarly, out of total MRSA strains MIC levels of Linezolid 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 1, 25, and 42 respectively. All 100 strains showed similar in-vitro efficacy for Vancomycin and Linezolid by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, but the number of strains with higher ranges of MICs of Vancomycin were more as compared to those which had higher ranges of MICs for Linezolid. Hence we suggest that Linezolid can be used as an alternative for the treatment of MRSA.

scholarly journals Non-susceptibility trends among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Povazan ◽  
Anka Vukelic ◽  
Tatjana Kurucin ◽  
Mirjana Hadnadjev ◽  
Vesna Milosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are a significant cause of hospital-acquired bacteremias. There is an increase of infections induced by methicillin-resistant strains, with growing resistance to other antibiotics. The aim of the study was to analyze the resistance of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from hemocultures in a five-year period. The study was carried out in the microbiology laboratory of the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, from 2008 to 2013. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 196 hemocultures. Susceptibility tests were performed using the disc diffusion method. Of 196 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 122 (62.2%) were resistant to methicillin, of which 112 (91.8%), 105 (86.1%), 103 (84.4%), 88 (72.1%) were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin, respectively. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Multiple resistance was registered in 100 (82%) strains. The most common resistance pattern was gentamicin-erythromycin-clindamycinciprofloxacin. Multiple resistance was established in a significant percentage of methicillin-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Candiduria: its characterization, antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4070
Author(s):  
Ved Prakash ◽  
Deepika Verma ◽  
Sumit Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background: Candida are the fourth most common species causing urinary tract infections. The last two decades has shown rapid increase in Candida associated UTI along with change in its distribution. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs, especially azole group have contributed in emergence of resistant strains of Candida. Biofilm producing property of Candida also contributes to antifungal resistance. Aims and objectives was to detect the occurrence of Candida as causative agent of UTI and a potent bio film producer. The susceptibility of Candida to antifungal drugs and their correlation with the production of bio film and presence of Foleys catheter was also determined.Methods: A total of 4192 urine specimens were analysed. Candida species isolated from urine samples were characterized using CHROM agar, sugar assimilation tests and micro morphology on corn meal agar. The antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by modified disc diffusion method on MHA with two drugs; fluconazole 25µg, and voriconazole 1µg discs. The biofilm production capability was tested according to the protocol proposed by Branchini et al.Results: Out of 113 Candida species isolated, 16.8% were Candida albicans as compared to 83.2% non albicans, with Candida tropicalis as the most common species. Antimicrobial sensitivity by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method showed 74.3 % of Candida isolates to be fluconazole sensitive while sensitivity to voriconazole was 100%. 60.2% of Candida were biofilm producers out of which 48.5 % were from urine samples of catheterized patients. Similarly, 26.4 % of fluconazole resistant strains were also biofilm producers.Conclusions: The increased incidence of Non albicans candiduria which are also biofilm producers and resistant to commonly used drug fluconazole is a matter of concern. Therefore, the species identification of Candida isolates along with their antifungal susceptibility pattern should be routinely performed to help the clinicians in better treating the patients with candiduria.

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