scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Quassia amara L. (Korales) Leaf Extract on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concepcion C. Sison ◽  
Lynn Crisanta R. Panganiban ◽  
Daisy Mae A. Bagaoisan ◽  
Nelia P. Cortes-Maramba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Quassia Amara

Objective. To To evaluate potential effects of the aqueous extract of Quassia amara L. leaves on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Methods. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the Quassia amara L. leaf extract on adult male SpragueDawley rats were assessed using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) determination and head-out plethysmography, respectively, in a randomized, parallel group study. Mean observations of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time periods after dosing. Respiratory flow and irritation effects were evaluated using mean observations of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), mid-expiratory flow rate (EF50), time of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and time of break (TB) and pause (TP). Results. There were no significant differences among the control and the treatment groups in SBP, DBP and HR parameters. The extract showed statistically significant effect on mean RR by time period (F=2.45, p=0.0234), trends over time of TV among the dose groups (F=2.00, p=0.0202), and EF50 among dose groups ((F=3.11, p=0.0422). However, these did not correlate with the changes in the time of break (TB) and time of pause (TP) which are more sensitive and specific tests for respiratory irritation. Conclusion. Aqueous leaf extract of Quassia appeared to have no significant effects on SBP, DPB, Pulse pressure, and HR. There are no conclusive dose-related respiratory flow or pulmonary irritation effects.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated doses and continuous infusions of the growth hormone-releasing peptide hexarelin in conscious male rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Conley ◽  
RC Gaillard ◽  
A Giustina ◽  
RS Brogan ◽  
WB Wehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Gh

We have previously shown that hexarelin, a novel GH-releasing peptide (GHRP), is able to elicit GH release when administered i.v., s.c. or by mouth and that it is a more potent GH secretagogue than GHRP-6. In the current study, we investigated the effects of hexarelin administered as repeated doses at 2 h intervals or as a continuous 6, 30 or 174 h infusion to conscious male rats. In the first experiment, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with dual indwelling jugular catheters. On the day of experimentation, these animals received three 25 micrograms/kg i.v. boluses of hexarelin at 2 h intervals with blood sampling at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after each dose. The mean peak GH response and the mean area under the GH response curve (AUC) for the 30 min after each administration were calculated and are reported as the mean +/- S.E.M. For both the peak and AUC results there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in the GH response noted between the first (peak 301 +/- 37 ng/ml; AUC 5585 +/- 700 ng/ml per 30 min) and second (peak 149 +/- 47 ng/ml; AUC 3056 +/- 908 ng/ml per 30 min) injections of hexarelin, but not between the first and third (peak 214 +/- 49 ng/ml; AUC 3862 +/- 844 ng/ml per 30 min). In a second series of experiments, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received continuous infusions (100 micrograms/h) of hexarelin or saline (1 ml/h) for 6, 30 or 174 h. Blood samples were collected every 20 min for the duration of the 6 h infusion and for the last 6 h of the two longer hexarelin infusions. Plasma GH concentrations peaked within 40 min of the initiation of infusion, but soon returned to basal levels. Mean plasma GH concentrations did not differ between any of the treatment groups, nor did any of the parameters of pulsatile hormone release analyzed. No significant differences in plasma corticosterone concentrations were noted between any of the treatment groups. On the other hand, while neither the 6 h (941 +/- 70 ng/ml) nor the 30 h (954 +/- 70 ng/ml) hexarelin infusions resulted in a significant increase in the plasma IGF-I concentrations over those noted in the saline controls (935 +/- 65 ng/ml), a 174 h hexarelin infusion did elicit a significant increase (1289 +/- 42 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Thus it appears that, while continuous exposure to hexarelin does not disrupt normal GH cycling, it may (after up to 174 h of exposure) alter other components of the growth axis. In addition, since the character of pulsatile GH release remained unaltered in response to the hexarelin infusion, it appears that this GHRP may not act by suppression of functional somatostatin tone as has been suggested previously.

Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Euphorbia heterophylla L. in Sprague Dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elemo Olajumoke ◽  
Oreagba Ibrahim ◽  
Akinyede Akinwunmi ◽  
Nicholas Viola
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals FERTILITY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF TAPINANTHUS BANGWENSIS ON OVULATION IN FEMALE‐SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damilola Onadeko ◽  
Stella C Nwoke ◽  
Abiola O Magbagdeola ◽  
Albert O. Ebuehi ◽  
Ngozi O Imaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

scholarly journals Increased superoxide levels in ganglia and sympathoexcitation are involved in sarafotoxin 6c-induced hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (5) ◽  
pp. R1546-R1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Li ◽  
Xiaoling Dai ◽  
Stephanie Watts ◽  
David Kreulen ◽  
Gregory Fink
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Development

Endothelin (ET) type B receptors (ETBR) are expressed in multiple tissues and perform different functions depending on their location. ETBR mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilation, clearance of circulating ET, and diuretic effects; all of these should produce a fall in arterial blood pressure. However, we recently showed that chronic activation of ETBR in rats with the selective agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) causes sustained hypertension. We have proposed that one mechanism of this effect is constriction of capacitance vessels. The current study was performed to determine whether S6c hypertension is caused by increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The model used was continuous 5-day infusion of S6c into male Sprague-Dawley rats. No changes in superoxide anion levels in arteries and veins were found in hypertensive S6c-treated rats. However, superoxide levels were increased in sympathetic ganglia from S6c-treated rats. In addition, superoxide levels in ganglia increased progressively the longer the animals received S6c. Treatment with the antioxidant tempol impaired S6c-induced hypertension and decreased superoxide levels in ganglia. Acute ganglion blockade lowered blood pressure more in S6c-treated rats than in vehicle-treated rats. Although plasma norepinephrine levels were not increased in S6c hypertension, surgical ablation of the celiac ganglion plexus, which provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the splanchnic organs, significantly attenuated hypertension development. The results suggest that S6c-induced hypertension is partially mediated by sympathoexcitation to the splanchnic organs driven by increased oxidative stress in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia.

Hepatic effects of a highly purified PCB 180 in adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. S39-S40
Author(s):  
Robert Roos ◽  
Patrik Andersson ◽  
Päivi Heikkinen ◽  
Hans-Joachim Schmitz ◽  
Leo van der Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats
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