scholarly journals "A Survey of Diagnostic X-ray room design and shielding Integrity of Lead Aprons in a State in North-Eastern Nigeria."

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
A Mohammed ◽  
C C Nzotta ◽  
B F Nkubli ◽  
A Umar ◽  
S Y Bappah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diagnostic Facility ◽  
Building Layout ◽  
Room Design ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
C 30

Background: X-ray facility design and shielding integrity is meant to optimize radiation safety of patients, staff and the general public. Objectives: To determine the conformity to x-ray room design standards and the functional efficacy of lead aprons in the surveyed facilities. Materials and Method: The survey was conducted in six radio diagnostic centres in Gombe State Nigeria, labelled A to F for anonymity. The building layout of the radiology departments was sketched to show the dimensions (L x B x H) and adjoining structures. Datasheets were also used to record information about the radio-diagnostic facility. Lead aprons were inspected for defects by physical observation and by x-ray exposure. Results: The x-ray room dimension of the six radio diagnostic centres with A (24 m2), B (14.8 m2), C (30 m2), D (36 m2), E (21.2 m2) and F (25 m2). All the walls of the radio-diagnostic room of facility A, B, C and D were lined with 2 mm lead equivalent, whereas E and F were not. About 7 (38.8%) of lead aprons inspected were defective, while 11 (61.1%) were not defective. Conclusion: There are compromises noted in the design of facility B and the majority of the lead aprons inspected showed good functional efficacy.

scholarly journals Radiation protection x-ray in the diagnostic radiology unit kasih ibu kedonganan hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I Ketut Putra ◽  
Ida Bagus Made Suryatika ◽  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Sutapa
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
General Public ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Radiation Workers

One source of radiation is X-ray aircraft, which utilization must pay attention to safety aspects. Room design is the first step that must be done before the operation of X-ray aircraft. Radiology Unit Kasih Ibu Kedonganan Hospital operates an X-ray aircraft with specifications of 250 kV-85 mA, needs to be tested for radiation exposure which is an integral part of the verification of radiation protection. Test for radiation exposure at least once a year. The purpose of the installation room design is to ensure that workers or the general public around the plant receive radiation exposure that is smaller than the applicable dose limit value (DLV), by the radiation safety provisions that refer to the Decree. BAPETEN No. 7 of 2009 concerning Radiation Safety in the use of radiographic equipment. This study will test exposure to room wall shields associated with radiation workers and the general public. The results showed that all walls A, B, C, D, and E could still completely weaken the rate of X-ray radiation. The highest radiation dose detected on wall B is the primary wall for the Buky stand examination.

Survey of self-reported radiation safety practices among North American veterinary technicians involved in equine radiography using portable x-ray equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 259 (8) ◽  
pp. 919-926
Author(s):  
Alexandra F. Belotta ◽  
Monique N. Mayer ◽  
Niels K. Koehncke ◽  
James Carmalt ◽  
Fernando P. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Veterinary Technicians

Significance of Prayer Room Design Standards at Shopping Complex

2016 ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Abd Hamid ◽  
Mohamad Hanif Abdul Wahab ◽  
Aida Alias ◽  
Norashikin Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Design Standards ◽  
Room Design

scholarly journals Technique, radiation safety and image quality for chest X-ray imaging through glass and in mobile settings during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-779
Author(s):  
Zoe Brady ◽  
Heather Scoullar ◽  
Ben Grinsted ◽  
Kyle Ewert ◽  
Helen Kavnoudias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Chest X Ray

The Interpretation of Human Factors Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Reviews

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Michael E. Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
The Military

As a result of the Three Mile Island-Unit 2 (TMI) accident and subsequent investigations, all U.S. nuclear utilities are being required to review the control rooms in their nuclear generating plants for human factors design adequacy. Before TMI, human factors considerations were not an integral part of the design process in the nuclear industry. The utilities were not well equipped to handle the requirement for control room design reviews (CRDR), so, in an attempt to provide useable guidance for CRDR's, the NRC issued several documents that were based on military design standards and commonly-used equipment design guides. A fundamental problem with the guidance issued by the NRC and others is that much of the design guidance is not directly applicable to a review and backfit process such as the CRDR. This paper presents a description of the ongoing process of applying human factors design criteria from the military and aerospace arena to the review and backfit activities in the nuclear utility industry. This process has, and is, taking place in a broad-based utility working group to which the author acts as a consultant. The work includes a large educational segment in which techniques, such as task analysis, are made explicity applicable to the CRDR. So far, this activity has resulted in four guidelines that have been reviewed by the nuclear utilities.

Phases in Austenitic Cast Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Garbiak ◽  
Bogdan Piekarski
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Electrolytic Extraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Titanium Carbonitrides ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Double Carbides

The paper presents the characteristics of intermetallic phases occurring in heat-resistant cast austenitic 0.3% C-30% Ni-18% Cr steel with additions of niobium and titanium. Five alloys were examined, in which the content of the examined elements was (wt.%) Nb 0.03, 0.55, 1.57 and 1.92, and Ti 0.03, 0.05, 0.30, 0.83 and 1.00. The phase composition of alloys in as-cast state and after annealing (temperature of 800°C and 900°C, time of up to 300 hrs) was examined by X-ray diffraction technique. Depending on the chemical composition of cast steel, carbides of MC type (NbC, TiC, (Nb,Ti)C), M23C6, titanium carbonitrides TiCN and G phase were identified in its microstructure. The phase morphology was examined on the polished sections and surfaces of metallographic specimens after deep etching by electrolytic extraction method. It was found that M23C6carbides assume the shape of rods, NbC carbides crystallise in the form of lamellae, and titanium carbonitrides TiCN in the form of cubes. An addition of both the stabilising elements favours the formation of double carbides (Nb,Ti)C of octahedral habit.

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