scholarly journals Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiny Benjamin ◽  
Roshni LNU ◽  
Sabeena Susan Thomas ◽  
Mohan Thomas Nainan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Calcium Glycerophosphate

ABSTRACT Objective Remineralization is an effective treatment that may stop or reverse early tooth decay. Grape seed extract (GSE) is the potential remineralizing agent under investigation. Materials and methods Sound human tooth sections were obtained from the cervical portion of the root and stored in demineralizing solution at 37°C for 96 hours to induce artificial root caries lesions. The sections were divided into four treatment groups including 6.5% grape seed extract, sodium monofluorophosphate (220 ppm) with 0.05% calcium glycerophosphate, 0.5% calcium glycerophosphate and control (no treatment). An in vitro pH cycling model was used to cycle the demineralized specimens through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. Subsequently, they were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results GSE revealed less demineralization and more remineralization compared with other groups. Conclusion GSE promotes remineralization of artificial root caries lesions. Clinical significance The search for the perfect remineralizing agent continues to this day. GSE could be a welcome addition to the remineralization armamentarium. Abbreviations and acronyms GSE: Grape seed extract; ppm: Parts per million; CaGP: Calcium glycerophosphate; CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscope; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; PA: Proanthocyanidin; CEJ: Cementoenamel junction; mM: Millimole; CaCl2.2H2O: Calcium chloride dihydrate; KH2PO4: Potassium dehydrate phosphate; K2HPO4: Dipotassium phosphate; dH2O: Deionized water; w/v: Weight by volume; ROD: Relative optical density; nm: Nanometer; SD: Standard deviation. How to cite this article Benjamin S, Roshni, Thomas SS, Nainan MT. Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):425-430.

scholarly journals BCG-induced neutrophil extracellular traps formation and its regulatory mechanism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlin Sun ◽  
Kangkang Liu ◽  
Mingde Lei ◽  
Lining Wang ◽  
Xuewu Nian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Mouse Urine ◽  
Extracellular Traps

Abstract Background: Intravesical BCG is one of the most effective immunotherapies for bladder cancer. Our previous study showed that BCG induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play an important role in bladder tumor treatment. To identify how BCG induced NETs formation, we examined NETs formation induced by BCG in vitro and in a mouse model, then analyzed the effects of NETs on BCG and the relevant regulatory mechanism. Results: We observed the NETs at different time points by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the results found that BCG induced in vitro NETs formation in a time-dependent fashion, which was inhibited by pretreatment with DNase I and protease. FITC-labeled BCG was used to observe capturing by NETs. Interestingly, BCG was trapped but not killed in vitro by NETs, which was different from the effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, ROS was required for BCG-induced NETs formation, which was regulated by MEK, p38, PI3K, and PKC pathways. Finally, NETs formation was observed in mouse urine and subcutaneous tumors after BCG perfusion. Conclusions: By exploring how BCG induced the formation of NETs and the regulatory mechanism, we conclude that a novel immune reaction involving neutrophils exists in the early stages of BCG treatment.

Antimicrobial effectiveness of grape seed extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole de Mello Fiallos ◽  
Doglas Cecchin ◽  
Carolina Oliveira Lima ◽  
Raphael Hirata ◽  
Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

Grape Seed Extract Complex (FFM-GS) Inhibits Postmenopausal Symptoms: In Vitro and In Vivo S

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Minhee Lee ◽  
Da-Eun Nam ◽  
Soo-Jeung Park ◽  
Dakyung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Moon Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Postmenopausal Symptoms
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