scholarly journals A Study on Duration of Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy on Whole Saliva Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Bhasin ◽  
Sreedevi Reddy ◽  
Anil Kumar Nagarajappa ◽  
Ankur Kakkad
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Palliative Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Duration Of Effect ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Saliva Flow

ABSTRACT Background Saliva is a complex fluid, whose important role is to maintain the well being of oral cavity. Salivary gland hypofunction or hyposalivation is the condition of having reduced saliva production which leads to the subjective complaint of oral dryness termed xerostomia.7 Management of xerostomia includes palliative therapy using topical agents or systemic therapy. Electrostimulation to produce saliva was studied in the past and showed moderate promise but never became part of mainstream therapy. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on whole salivary flow rate in healthy adults and to evaluate how long this effect of TENS lasts on salivary flow. Materials and methods One hundred healthy adult subjects were divided into five age groups with each group containing 20 subjects equally divided into males and females in each group. Unstimulated saliva was collected using a graduated test tube fitted with funnel and quantity was measured. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit was activated and stimulated saliva was collected. Saliva was again collected 30 minutes and 24 hours post stimulation. Results The mean unstimulated whole saliva flow rate for all subjects (n = 100) was 2.60 ml/5 min. During stimulation, it increased to 3.60 ± 0.39 ml/5 min. There was 38.46% increase in salivary flow. Ninety six out of 100 responded positively to TENS therapy. Salivary flow remained increased 30 minutes and 24 hours post stimulation with the values being 3.23 ± 0.41 ml/5 min and 2.69 ± 0.39 ml/5 min respectively. Repeated measures One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that the difference between these values were statistically significant. Conclusion Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy was effective for stimulation of whole saliva in normal, healthy subjects and its effect retained till 30 minutes and a little up to 24 hours. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may work best synergistically with other sialagogues and can be used for the management of xerostomia. How to cite this article Bhasin N, Reddy S, Nagarajappa AK, Kakkad A. A Study on Duration of Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy on Whole Saliva Flow. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):479-485.

Comparison of Whole Saliva Flow Rates and Mucin Concentrations in Healthy Caucasian Young and Aged Adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Navazesh ◽  
R.A. Mulligan ◽  
V. Kipnis ◽  
P.A. Denny ◽  
P.C. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Saliva Flow

Unstimulated and chewing-stimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from 42 healthy Caucasians; 21 were between 18 and 35 years of age, and 21 between 65 and 83 years of age. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly lower in the aged group, but the stimulated flow rate was significantly higher in the aged than in the young group. Both groups showed significantly increased flow during salivary stimulation. MG1 and MG2 concentrations in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were significantly lower in the aged group. There were no significant correlations between salivary flow rates and MG1 and MG2 concentrations.

On the Relationship between the Rate of Salivary Flow and Salivary Fluoride Clearance

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph M. Duckworth ◽  
S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Saliva Flow Rate ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva ◽  
The Relationship

The amount of fluoride retained in the mouth following the application of dentifrices, mouthwashes, etc. may be important in determining their anticaries efficacy. In this study we investigated the relationship between the salivary flow rate and salivary fluoride clearance. Ten adults tested six mouthrinses, consisting of aqueous sodium fluoride solutions (0.013, 0.026 mol/l) with and without added sodium chloride (1.28 mol/l) or sucrose (0.44 mol/l), in a randomised order. Prior to each test, subjects swallowed, rinsed for 2 min with 2 ml water and then expectorated into a preweighed container to obtain a measure of initial saliva flow rate. Next, the procedure was repeated using one of the test rinses. Finally, samples of unstimulated whole saliva were collected for up to 3 h after each mouthrinse application and analysed for fluoride. Salivary fluoride concentrations were significantly lower after application of mouthrinses that contained either sucrose or NaCl, both of which compounds markedly enhanced salivary flow, than after the use of corresponding mouthrinses without any additive. Area under the salivary fluoride clearance curve (AUC) values were inversely correlated with salivary flow rate on an individual basis (p < 0.01). The observed behaviour could not be completely attributed to treatment dilution by saliva at the time of application.

Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Mantle Field Radiotherapy on Salivary Flow Rates in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Bucher ◽  
T.J. Fleming ◽  
L.M. Fuller ◽  
H.J. Keene
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Changes in stimulated and non-stimulated whole saliva flow rates were measured in 11 Hodgkin's disease patients who received therapeutic doses of radiation to a mantle field at the M. D. Anderson Hospital in Houston, Texas. Salivary flow rates were examined before, during, and after radiotherapy. Mean flow rate reductions of 54% for non-stimulated saliva and 55.7% for paraffin-stimulated saliva were observed post-radiotherapy. Flow rates had not returned to pre-irradiation levels in any of the patients who were observed for two to three months after completion of therapy. Results obtained from this preliminary study indicate that most patients who receive therapeutic doses of radiation to a mantle field experience a significant reduction in salivary output which is manifest during the period of treatment and persists for a period of at least two to three months post-radiotherapy.

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