scholarly journals Comparison between Clinical Efficacies of Levobupivacaine Plain and Levobupivacaine with Fentanyl for Urological Surgeries under Subarachnoid Block

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Aarti Kulkarni ◽  
Paulomi Dey
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Subarachnoid Block ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Background and aims Spinal anesthesia for urological operations has been frequently used, because symptoms of overhydration, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome, and bladder perforation can be recognized. This prospective randomized study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacies of levobupivacaine with and without fentanyl in subarachnoid block with respect to onset and duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia in urological surgeries. Materials and methods This randomized study was conducted in 100 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grades I and II, posted for urological surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups and were given the following drugs intrathecally as per group distribution: Group I: 2.5 mL of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine and group II: 2.2 mL of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with 15 μg (0.3 mL) fentanyl citrate. Parameters monitored were onset and duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameters, postoperative analgesia, and side effects. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test for the continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Results The onset of sensory level of T10 was earlier in group II (4.74 ± 0.723 minutes) than in group I (5.7 ± 0.953 minutes). Duration of sensory block was longer in group I (292.2 ± 8.154 minutes) than in group II (260 ± 11.066 minutes). Motor block regressed earlier in group II (181.2 ± 7.73 minutes) than in group I. Hemodynamic parameters and side effects were similar in both the groups. Conclusion From our study, we concluded that plain levobupivacaine provided a longer duration of sensory and motor subarachnoid blockade. However, addition of fentanyl as a spinal adjuvant had a dose-sparing effect with earlier onset and early regression of motor block and no hemodynamic alterations. How to cite this article Kulkarni A, Dey P. Comparison between Clinical Efficacies of Levobupivacaine Plain and Levobupivacaine with Fentanyl for Urological Surgeries under Subarachnoid Block. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):34-39.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRATHECAL FENTANYL WITH HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE TO IMPROVE PERIOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN PATIENT UNDERGOING ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Rahul Wagh ◽  
Swapnil Sangale ◽  
Nagesh Jambure
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Various methods exist for treating post-operative pain which includes systemic narcotics, NSAIDS, patient-controlled analgesia, regional anaesthesia techniques, epidural local anaesthetic – narcotic mixtures, cryoanalgesia, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, psychological methods. Various opioides intrathecally and epidurally have been tried for post-operative analgesia. These include - morphine, pethidine, pentazocine, methadone, tramadol, Fentanyl, sufentanyl. In present study, we tried to find out analgesic effectiveness of intrathecal Fentanyl for post-operative analgesia, combined with 0.5 % Bupivacaine and side effects if any, in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. Materials and Methods: After approval from the local ethics committee and with written informed consent from patient, a randomized controlled prospective study is carried out in the medical college and hospital.100 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)classification I & II, aged between 18-60 years, posted for elective lower limb surgeries, were randomly allocated for the study. Group-I: 50 patients received intrathecal 3 ml of 0.5 % hyperbaric Bupivacaine only. Group-II : 50 patients received intrathecal 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Fentanyl 25 mcg.The patients studied across the group did not vary much with respect to age,height, weight and sex distribution. Results: The onset of sensory blockade was faster by 1.27 min in Group-BF. The perioperative and postoperative hemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. The sensory analgesia in Group II was significantly prolonged by 159 mins, thus increasing the duration of analgesia. The time of first request of analgesics by the patients in group-II is prolonged compared to group-I thus prolonging the duration of analgesia. Analgesic requirement is also reduced in study group in early post-operative period. The onset of motor block was faster when Fentanyl was added to intrathecal Bupivacaine and it was 1.1 min earlier in study group. The duration of motor block to Bromage III was prolonged by almost 22 min in study group as compare to control group. Visual analogue scores were significantly lower in group-II compared to group-I after two hours of surgery thus reducing the frequency of supplemental postoperative analgesics. Conclusion: With the present study we can summarize that intrathecal Fentanyl potentiates the action of Bupivacaine thereby bringing about better quality and longer duration of analgesia, intense motor block, no hemodynamic disturbance and better postoperative outcome with/ minimum side effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy between intrathecal nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine for perianal surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Moslema Parvin ◽  
Anjuman Ara ◽  
Kazi Nurjahan ◽  
Lipika Roy ◽  
Lailatunnessa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
American Society

Background: Intrathecal opioids enhance the duration of action of local anasthetic drugs. Both nalpuphine and fentanyl enhance the action of hyperbaric bupivacaine when introduced intrathecally as adjuvant with bupivacaine. Objective: Our study was aimed to compare the clinical efficiency of nalbuphine and fentanyl as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine for anal and perianal surgery. Methods: In this prospective randomized clinical trial patients were included from January 2007 to June 2008 at Khulna Medical College & some private clinics in Khulna. Patients were ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiology) status I & II of both gender aged 18-70 years and was randomized into two groups. Each group received either nalbuphine, (Group I) or fentanyl (Group-II) with bupivacaine. After intrathecal use every patient was examined for sensory and motor block, drug related side effects like hypotension pruritus, nausea, vomiting respiratory depression for three hours and were recorded. Results: Among two hundred study patients mean age was 49.5 and 5.2 in respective group I & II. Male female ratio was 16:14 in group I, whereas in group II it was 65:35. Mean duration of surgery was 46 and 43 minutes respectively in group I & II. Onset and cephalic extension of block was almost same in both groups. Time to recovery of sensory and motor block were significantly prolonged in Group 1. Duration of analgesia was also extended in group I. No significant drug related side effects were observed in either group. Conclusion: Nalbuphine as adjuvant to bupivacaine was clinically more efficient than fentanyl for post--operative analgesia and duration of sensory and motor block in SAB (Sub Aracnoid Block) for anal and perianal surgery. Bang Med J Khulna 2020: 53 : 27-30

scholarly journals The Effects on Sensorial Block, Motor Block, and Haemodynamics of Levobupivacaine at Different Temperatures Applied in the Subarachnoid Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bahittin Nazli ◽  
Huseyin Oguzalp ◽  
Eyup Horasanli ◽  
Mehmet Gamli ◽  
Beyazit Dikmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Transurethral Prostate Resection

Aim. To evaluate the effects of 0.5% levobupivacaine at 37°C preheated from room temperature, on sensorial block, motor block, and haemodynamics in patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection (TUR-P).Material and Method. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Group I patients were injected with 3 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine solution which had been kept at room temperature for at least 24 hours and Group II patients were injected with 3 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine solution which had been kept at 37°C for at least 24 hours. The patients were examined in terms of sensorial block, motor block, haemodynamic profile, and incidence of side effects.Results. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of demographic data. The time to reachT10sensory block and the time of starting motor block were found to be significantly shorter in Group II . The duration of sensory block overT10andT6, the duration ofL1regression, the duration of the sensory block, and the regression time of the motor blocks from 3 to 2 were found to be longer in Group II.Conclusion. The use of 0.5% levobupivacaine spinal anaesthesia heated to 37°C accelerated the start of sensory and motor block.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF 0.5% LEVOBUPIVACAINE AND 0.5% BUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL FOR SPINAL ANAESTHESIA FOR TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE / BLADDER TUMOUR: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED AND CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background – The aim of this study is to compare safety and efficacy of bupivacaine 0.5% of 2ml (10mg) with 25mcg fentanyl and levobupivacaine 0.5% of 2ml with 25mcg fentanyl when given intrathecally in patients of Transurethral Resection of Prostate/Bladder Tumor Surgeries Methods–After local ethics committee approval,60 patients were selected according to eligibility criteria and a written informed consent was obtained from each patient after explaining the technique prior to inclusion in this study in their own vernacular language and randomly allocated in two groups of 30 each. GROUP I: patients received 2 ml(10 mg) 0.5% bupivacaine with 25 mcg fentanyl intrathecally to achieve an adequate level of anaesthesia.GROUP II: patients received 2 ml(10 mg) 0.5% bupivacaine with 25 mcg fentanyl inrathecally to achieve adequate level of anaesthesia.Spinal block was performed by an anaesthesiologist consultant. Patients were monitored for sensory blockade,motor blockade,Ramsay sedation score,VAS score and complications. Hemodynamics were compared in both the groups. Observations –In this study we evaluated and compared 0.5% bupivacaine and fentanyl with 0.5% levobupivacaine and fentanyl in terms of intraoperative hemodynamic changes, onset & duration of sensory block, onset of motor block, level of sedation and occurance of complications when given intrathecally for transurethral resection of prostate/bladder tumors.It was observed that sensory blockade qualities were comparable in both the groups. However, motor blockade was significantly reduced in group-II(Levobupivacaine) as compared to groupI(Bupivacaine). Patients in Group II had better hemodynamic stability,good patient and surgeon satisfaction and fewer side effects as compared to Group I. Conclusion –0.5% Levobupivacaine plus fentanyl provides less motor blockade,better hemodynamic stability and fewer side effects in patients undergoing TURP/TURBT compared to 0.5% bupivacaine plus fentanyl.

scholarly journals Comparison of intrathecal bupivacaine with or without fentanyl for urosurgeries

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Bibhush Shrestha ◽  
Subhash Prasad Acharya ◽  
Amatya Roshana
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Block Time ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia has been widely used for urological operations because it permits early recognition of symptoms caused by overhydration, transurethral resection of prostate syndrome and bladder perforation. Short acting spinal anaesthesia may help to prevent complications associated with delayed immobilization. Our study was undertaken to examine whether adding 25?g fentanyl to bupivacaine would intensify sensory and motor block without prolonging recovery time.Materials and Methods: Ninety American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I and II scheduled for elective urological procedures were studied in a double-blinded, randomized prospective manner. Random allocation was done as , Group I (n=30) receiving intrathecal bupivacaine 12.5 mg; Group II (n=30) bupivacaine 10 mg with 25 ?g of fentanyl; and Group III (n=30), bupivacaine 5 mg with 25 ?g of fentanyl. Assessment of sensory, motor block and duration of sensory analgesia was done.Result: There was statistically significant difference regarding total duration of motor block, time for two-segment regression and duration of sensory analgesia between each pair of groups. The duration of motor block, time for two segment regression and duration of sensory analgesia was found to be longest in Group II and shortest in Group III. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications.Conclusion: Addition of 25 ?g fentanyl to 5 mg bupivacaine resulted in short-acting motor block whereas with 10 mg of bupivacaine, it increased the intensity and duration of motor block, prolonged sensory analgesia and two segment regression time.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(1): 18-21

scholarly journals Effect of dexamethasone as an adjuvant with bupivacaine in ultrasound guided single shot supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper extremity surgeries- a prospective randomized study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaheena Parveen ◽  
Masrat Jan ◽  
Arshi Taj ◽  
Arif A. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Group I ◽  
Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Plexus Block

Background: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is a good alternative to general anesthesia in surgeries of elbow, forearm, wrist and hand. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dexamethasone as an adjuvant with bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgeries.Methods: This study was carried out on 60 adult patients of both sexes planned for upper limb surgery during the period from May 2015 to Jan 2016 after approval by the institutional Ethical Committee. Inclusion criteria were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical Status I-II and age between 18 and 50 years. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 30 patients each [group I (bupivacaine alone) and group II (bupivacaine + dexamethasone)]. Group I received 30ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 2ml normal saline while group II received 30ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 2ml (8mg) dexamethasone for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), version 16.0. For analysis of demographic data and comparison of groups, χ2, unpaired Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were performed. Power of significance p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. We evaluated onset, quality and duration of sensory and motor block along with side effects if any.Results: The mean onset of sensory and motor block in Group I and II was statistically insignificant. The duration of motor and sensory block was significantly prolonged in Group II than in Group I. There were no statistically and clinically significant differences in respiratory and hemodynamic parameters.Conclusions: We conclude that dexamethasone as an adjuvant in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs the duration of motor and sensory block with insignificant side effects.

A DOUBLE BLIND COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE AND INTRATHECAL FENTANYLAS THE INITIAL DOSE OF COMBINED SPINAL EPIDURAL TECHNIQUE FOR LABOUR ANALGESIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Mishra ◽  
Sushil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Fetal Oxygenation

Introduction: Labour pain is among the most severe pain a woman can experience in her lifetime. Painful labour has decrimental effects on both mother and fetus leads to severe physical and psychological stress. Maternal hyperventilation in response to pain reduces fetal oxygenation and hypoventilation between contractions combined with decreased blood ow worsens fetal hypoxemia. It has been suggested that conning women to bed during labour may cause the labour to be longer and more painful with increase in abnormal presentation, instrumental deliveries and fetal distress. Aims And Objectives:The onset, quality and duration of their analgesic action. Incidence of unwanted effects like muscle weakness, hypotension, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, fetal bradycardia by the individual drugs. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in the department of anesthesia, Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Methods of collection of data (including sampling procedure if any) : After institutional committee approval and written informed consent from parturients and their relatives for the procedure the study was conducted and data were collected. Results: Duration of analgesia was found varying widely. It was 55±12.34 minutes in Group I whereas 75 ±14.36 minutes in Group II. The incidence of pruritus almost mild or negligible in both groups. The incidence of motor weakness in group II was 24 (80%) whereas in group I it was 10(33%). There was signicant statistics difference in motor weakness between two groups (p< 0.001) by Chi square test 9 with yate's correction. Other side effects differences between two groups were not statistically signicant. Summary And Conclusion:Both the drugs provided excellent quality of analgesia to the parturient in pain. The difference in duration of analgesia was signicant between the two groups statistically. Mean duration of analgesia lasted for 55 minutes in group I whereas in group II, it lasted for 75 minutes. Main side effects encountered in this study were motor weakness of longer duration in group II than in group I. Other side effects like nausea-vomiting were comparable to each other and were minimal in nature.

Comparison of the Effects of Low Dose Methylprednisolone and Metoclopramide on Nausea and Vomiting and Respiratory Complications after Adenotonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2753-2756
Author(s):  
Shahid Adalat Chaudhry ◽  
Madiha Zafar ◽  
Usman Zeeshan ◽  
Mubashar Iqbal ◽  
Arooj Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mean Time

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of low dose methylprednisolone and metoclopramide on nausea, vomiting and respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Divisional Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Mirpur AJK for duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: Total 150 patients of both genders underwent adenotonsillectomy presented in this study. Patients were aged between 3-15 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex and weight were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I had 75 patients and received 1 mg/kg IV methylpredinosolone and group II received 0.15 mg/kg metoclopramide among 75 patients. Post-operative effects on PONV were assessed and compared among both groups in terms of oral intake time, vomiting episodes, respiratory complications and side effects. Mean pain score was calculated by VAS. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Results: There were 40 (53.3%) females and 35 (46.7%) males in group I with mean age 9.43±1.44 years while in group II 42 (56%) were females and 33 (44%) were male patients with mean age 8.04±3.36 years. Mean weight of the patients in group I was 23.08±4.61 kg and in group II mean body weight was 22.11±6.84 kg. Mean operative time in group I was 27.41±8.53 min and in group II mean time was 28.17±6.34 min. Post-operative frequency of vomiting and nausea was lower in group I 14 (18.7%) and 16 (21.3%) as compared to group II 21 (28%) and 24 (34%). Low pain score was found in group I 1.71±6.11 as compared to group II 3.02±4.09. Time to oral intake was higher in group II 2.98±3.48 hours as compared to group I 1.09±7.51 hours. Rate of respiratory complications and side effects were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the use of methylpredinosolone was effective among patients those underwent for adenotonsillectomy in terms of post-operative frequency of PONV, pain, respiratory complications and side effects. Except this low dose of methylpredinosolone were effective in earlier tolerance of oral intake. Keywords: Adenotonsillectomy, Metoclopramide, Methylpredinosolone, Oral Intake

scholarly journals ADVANTAGES OF INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE COMBINATION OVER BUPIVACAINE AND CLONIDINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN GYNAECOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Mahanta ◽  
Keshav Saran Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Regional Analgesia ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: most of the gynaecological interventions are generally done under regional anaesthesia. Currently dexmedetomidine came out as a beneficial adjunct for regional analgesia as well as anaesthesia. It is a highly selective α-2 agonist. Aims & objectives: to compare the effects & behavior of dexmedetomidine with clonidine when both are used with bupivacaine for spinal analgesia. Material and Methods: 100 cases of ASA grade 1 & 2 who were undergoing elective gynaecological surgical intervention were studied. They were divided into two groups (50 each). Group I received combination of bupivacaine & clonidine while group II received combination of bupivacaine + dexmedetomidine. Results: Average duration of onset of sensory block was earlier in group II. Arrival of motor block in Group I was slightly on lower side than Group II. Ten cases in Group I and eighteen cases from group II had notable bradycardia and hypotension. Discussion: Our study concludes that dexmedetomidine when used in combination with bupivacaine is very effective in gynaecological surgical interventions that demand longer duration & have comparatively lesser side effects. Keywords: dexmedetomidine, clonidine, Bupivacaine, gynaecological procedures.

Comparison of the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy regimens in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
T.G. Romanenko ◽  
◽  
O.M. Sulimenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
American Society ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed therapy in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Materials and methods. All patients were divided into two groups. І group – 38 patients received the course of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 625 mg per os twice a day for 7 days, group II – 33 patients received D-mannose (1.2 g), powder of 5.8 g in a sachet 2 times a day for 7 days. Diagnostic criteria for asymptomatic bacteriuria were based on practical recommendations of the American Society of Infectious Diseases. Results. In the first cultural research of the urine specimen (immediately after the end of the course of therapy), the percentage of microorganism’s persistence in the urinary tract of a woman was determined, in case of its detection, an additional course of treatment was prescribed. In the second and subsequent control urine samples, the percentage of relapsing bacteriuria was determined. Percentage of the persistence of the pathogen in the urinary tract among the treated women with bacteriuria remained rather low – 10.5% (4 patients) in group I, but higher than in group II 3.1% (1 patient). The percentage of sterile first urine sample was high and probably did not differ between groups – 31 (81.6%) and 32 (96.9%) women respectively in I and II groups. In the first group, the percentage of relapses during gestation after the diagnosed and treated bacteriuria remained rather high and amounted to 23.7% (9 patients), and in the second group, the relapse was not recorded. Conclusions. The 7-day course of therapy with the D-mannose drug is associated with fewer cases of persistent pathogenic pathogens in urine, no recurrence of bacterial infection, and no side effects. Key words: asymptomatic bacteriuria, D-mannose, urinary tract, pregnancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document