The Decline of Key Industrial Sectors in the US and the EC and Policies Adopted to Stem it in the 1980s

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Sensors for Military Monitoring Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
David T. Bird ◽  
Nuggehalli M. Ravindra
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Sensor Fabrication ◽  
The Us ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
The Many

The US Department of Defense (DoD) realizes the many uses of additive manufacturing (AM) as it has become a common fabrication technique for an extensive range of engineering components in several industrial sectors. 3D Printed (3DP) sensor technology offers high-performance features as a way to track individual warfighters on the battlefield, offering protection from threats such as weaponized toxins, bacteria or virus, with real-time monitoring of physiological events, advanced diagnostics, and connected feedback. Maximum protection of the warfighter gives a distinct advantage over adversaries by providing an enhanced awareness of situational threats on the battle field. There is a need to further explore aspects of AM such as higher printing resolution and efficiency, with faster print times and higher performance, sensitivity and optimized fabrication to ensure that soldiers are more safe and lethal to win our nation’s wars and come home safely. A review and comparison of various 3DP techniques for sensor fabrication is presented.

scholarly journals Transmission Of The Subprime Crisis: Evidence From Industrial And Financial Sectors Of BRIC Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Nikkinen ◽  
Kashif Saleem ◽  
Minna Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Equity Markets ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Multivariate Garch ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Contagion Effects ◽  
The Us

Although, there is an apparent consensus about the contagion effects of the current US subprime crisis. However, the transmission and repercussions of US subprime crisis, as well as the nature of the transformation suffered by different economic sectors between the US and other markets are such empirical questions that have not been dealt with comprehensively, yet. In this paper, by utilizing the multivariate GARCH analysis of Engle and Kroner (1995) for which a BEKK representation is adopted, we examine the transmission of the US subprime crisis across BRIC financial markets. Moreover, to identify the extent of contagion, we also inspect the diffusion of US subprime crisis to BRIC equity markets financial and industrial sectors. We found interesting evidence of volatility spillovers from US financial sector to all the BRIC markets financial sectors both in the full sample and crisis period. Similarly, except Chinese industrial sector, we observe contagion effects from US to Brazilian, Russian and Indian equity markets industrial sectors. Our results exhibit direct linkage for both returns and volatility between the US equity market and the BRIC markets. Equity markets of Russia and India, however, were found hardly hit during the crisis period among the BRIC countries. Finally, we found no support for the decoupling view while investigating the fastest growing emerging markets, the BRIC countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of Future Autonomous Vehicle Market Leadership in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Diamantino de Almeida Dourado ◽  
Cleveland Maximino Jones ◽  
Herlander Costa Alegre da Gama Afonso ◽  
Lívia de Moraes Mariano Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
Market Leadership ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
Vehicle Market

Scientific and technological advances in telecommunications and onboard electronics, and advances in sustainability standards, dictated major changes to various industrial sectors, including the automotive industry, where hard and soft approaches to manufacturing are vying for market dominance. This work presents a prospective analysis of the autonomous vehicle (AV) market, analyzing three of the main US AV technology firms, Tesla, Waymo and Apple. Their designs and solutions are compared, and prospective scenarios were constructed based on an analysis of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The results suggest that Tesla currently exhibits the greatest market leadership in the group studied. However, it was concluded that in the medium term, Waymo would surpass Tesla and assume market leadership. In the long run, it was concluded that Apple will overcome its rivals and dominate this market.

scholarly journals Influence of the COVID-19 Crisis on Steel Production in Poland Compared to the Financial Crisis of 2009 and to Boom Periods in the Market

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Bożena Gajdzik ◽  
Radoslaw Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Steel Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Situation

This paper presents an analysis of the volume of steel production in Poland during the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020 in comparison to the volume of steel production during the financial crisis initiated in the US during the period 2007–2008, whose effects, in the form of a large decrease in steel production, were seen in 2009 in Poland. A comparison is also made to periods of prosperity in 2004, 2007, and 2017 (when there was a good economic situation in the steel market in Poland). The selection of the time period—the first half of 2020—was based on the emergence of a new situation in the economy, which was lockdown. The aim of the analysis is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 situation on the steel market (volume of steel production) in Poland. The analysis performed could help entrepreneurs manage their companies during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper belongs to the category of research work. The statistical analysis was realized regarding steel production in Poland. Three periods were analyzed: The first half of 2020—the period termed the COVID-19 crisis; the year 2019—the year of a large decrease in steel production in Poland caused by the world financial crisis; and periods of prosperity in the steel market—the years 2004, 2007, and 2017 (periods before crises). The analysis shows that, in order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the functioning of enterprises or industries, it is necessary to analyze the situation and compare it with other situations in the past. Moreover, crisis management in the COVID-19 situation must be highly rationalized and real, and the various industrial sectors and companies forming them should adapt this process to their own situation. Results: On the basis of the statistical data, it was found that, in the short term (months), the production of steel during the COVID-19 crisis was a little higher than in the financial crisis of 2009 (excluding steel production in June 2020), and lower than during the boom in the steel market (the comparison to the periods when there was a boom in the Polish steel market was made to show the dynamics of decline).

scholarly journals Inverse modeling and mapping US air quality influences of inorganic PM<sub>2.5</sub> precursor emissions using the adjoint of GEOS-Chem

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 15031-15099 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Henze ◽  
J. H. Seinfeld ◽  
D. T. Shindell
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Specific Source

Abstract. Influences of specific sources of inorganic PM2.5 on peak and ambient aerosol concentrations in the US are evaluated using a combination of inverse modeling and sensitivity analysis. First, sulfate and nitrate aerosol measurements from the IMPROVE network are assimilated using the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model in order to constrain emissions estimates in four separate month-long inversions (one per season). Of the precursor emissions, these observations primarily constrain ammonia (NH3). While the net result is a decrease in estimated US NH3 emissions relative to the original inventory, there is considerable variability in adjustments made to NH3 emissions in different locations, seasons and source sectors, such as focused decreases in the midwest during July, broad decreases throughout the US~in January, increases in eastern coastal areas in April, and an effective redistribution of emissions from natural to anthropogenic sources. Implementing these constrained emissions, the adjoint model is applied to quantify the influences of emissions on representative PM2.5 air quality metrics within the US. The resulting sensitivity maps display a wide range of spatial, sectoral and seasonal variability in the susceptibility of the air quality metrics to absolute emissions changes and the effectiveness of incremental emissions controls of specific source sectors. NH3 emissions near sources of sulfur oxides (SOx) are estimated to most influence peak inorganic PM2.5 levels in the East; thus, the most effective controls of NH3 emissions are often disjoint from locations of peak NH3 emissions. Controls of emissions from industrial sectors of SOx and NOx are estimated to be more effective than surface emissions, and changes to NH3 emissions in regions dominated by natural sources are disproportionately more effective than regions dominated by anthropogenic sources. NOx controls are most effective in northern states in October; in January, SOx controls may be counterproductive. When considering ambient inorganic PM2.5 concentrations, intercontinental influences are small, though transboundary influences within North America are significant, with SOx emissions from surface sources in Mexico contributing almost a fourth of the total influence from this sector.

Exergy and Extended Exergy Cost Assessment of a Commercial Truck

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Cheremnykh ◽  
Fabio Gori
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cost Factors

To gain a clearer understanding of the overall economic and environmental impact of the manufacturing process of a single vehicle, including its operational phase, it is useful to examine the process in a life-cycle perspective and with an exergy approach.. The method of Extended Exergy Accounting (EEA) has already provided reliable results both for the assessment of entire countries and for the analysis of specific industrial sectors. National transportation sectors, generally reputed inefficient, have been the subject of a series of energy and exergy efficiency studies, though so far the phase of vehicle manufacturing was not specifically addressed. The present study is an attempt to quantitatively develop the complex evaluation of the exergy cost of a single vehicle, in particular of a commercial truck produced in the US (for which the available data are extensive and reliable). In the analysis performed in the course of this study, the last version of EEA has been employed, with the latest available data on the allocation coefficients for labour and capital cost factors. Particular attention is given to data selection and their processing. The values of the exergy costs for materials flows, energy inputs and of their equivalents for capital, labour and environment remediation are predicted. The results shows numerically the exergetic costs of economic, labour, material and energy inputs, and emphasize the further research of environmental remediation costs.

Learning model behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Political Economic

Purpose The worldwide health epidemic that ensued from the first transmissions of Coronavirus in China in the latter part of 2019 provided an unprecedented shockwave through global business. Similar to the Great Depression in the US in the 1920s and 1930s and the global financial crisis of 2008, the following events placed a spotlight on a number of fundamental issues in many industrial sectors and national economies. In the aftermath of the crisis, there would be no shortage of political, economic, social and environmental changes to be made to ensure such widespread devastation could not be repeated. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The worldwide health epidemic that ensued from the first transmissions of Coronavirus in China in the latter part of 2019 provided an unprecedented shockwave through global business. Similar to the Great Depression in the US in the 1920s and 1930s and the global financial crisis of 2008, the following events placed a spotlight on a number of fundamental issues in many industrial sectors and national economies. In the aftermath of the crisis, there would be no shortage of political, economic, social and environmental changes to be made to ensure such widespread devastation could not be repeated. Practical implications This paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

scholarly journals Biofuel regulations in the USA and the EU

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Orsolya Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oil Embargo

Climate change, the increasing dependency on crude oil and other fossile fuels, the expanding import and the increasing energy costs make the world’s societies and its economies vulnerable.  The development of effective renewable energy resources has been a priority for the US since the first oil embargo. While there was only little progress for around two decades, biofuel use and production has been showing a rapidly increasing tendency since the mid 90’s.  The EU’s objective of renewable energy resources is one of the main priorities of the Europe 2020 strategy. The European Union aims to increase the share of energy produced from renewable resources in the whole energy supply and by 10% in the transport-related energy supply by 20% until 2020.  The renewable energy sector is the only one which is able to reduce GHG emission and pollution while utilising local energy resources and stimulating cutting edge industrial sectors; therefore, it is indispensable to develop a proper framework and regulation for supporting renewable energies.

scholarly journals The role of concrete in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of US buildings and pavements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gregory ◽  
Hessam Azarijafari ◽  
Ehsan Vahidi ◽  
Fengdi Guo ◽  
Franz Ulm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
It Impacts ◽  
The Us ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Use Phase ◽  
Future Emissions

Concrete is a critical component of deep decarbonization efforts because it impacts the building, transportation, and industrial sectors. We use a bottom-up model of current and future building and pavement stocks and construction in the US to contextualize the role of concrete in greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions strategies under projected and ambitious scenarios, including embodied and use phases of the structures’ life cycle. We show that projected improvements in the building sector result in a reduction of 47% of GHG emissions in 2050 relative to 2016 levels, whereas ambitious improvements result in a 56% reduction in 2050, which is 22 Gt cumulative saving. The pavements sector shows a larger difference between the two scenarios with a 20% reduction of GHG emissions for projected improvements and a 68% reduction under the ambitious scenario, which is approximately 1.7 Gt. Over 70% of future emissions from new construction are from the use phase.

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