Evaluation of genetic differentiation of autochthonous sloe (Prunus spinosa, Rosaceae) populations across Germany using molecular markers

AbstractPopulation genetic diversity contributes to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, especially via genetic breeding. In the present study, start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity of 278 individuals from 10 Prunus sibirica L. populations in Inner Mongolia. A total of 289 polymorphic bands were amplified with 23 SCoT primers, showing a polymorphism percentage of 98.87% and an average of 12.6 polymorphic bands per primer. The SCoT21, SCoT32, and SCoT53 primers amplified up to 17 bands, and the polymorphism percentage was 100%. The minimum number of bands amplified by SCoT25 was 9, and the polymorphism percentage was 90%. Therefore, SCoT molecular markers were shown to be highly polymorphic and suitable for genetic diversity studies of P. sibirica in Inner Mongolia. The analysis of molecular variance showed that 39% of the observed genetic differentiation occurred among populations and 61% occurred within populations, indicating that the genetic differentiation within populations was greater than that among populations. The results of the unweighted pair-group method with an arithmetic cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE analysis were basically the same and divided the 278 individuals from the 10 populations into 2 groups. The results indicated that the efficient SCoT molecular marker-based genetic diversity analysis of P. sibirica in Inner Mongolia can provide a reference for P. sibirica variety breeding and resource development.

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Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 542

Author(s):

Artur Gurgul ◽

Igor Jasielczuk ◽

Ewelina Semik-Gurgul ◽

Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko ◽

Tomasz Szmatoła ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Population Variation ◽

Horse Population ◽

Current Role ◽

Conservation Program ◽

Conservation Breeding

The current role of the horse as a companion animal resulted in a decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses. This meant that the population of cold-blooded horses in Poland has been dramatically reduced during the last decades. To avoid impoverishment of the gene pool of the local horse population, a conservation program was established which involves draft horses and other local horse breeds. The draft horses bred in Poland can be subdivided in a few horse types of which the most widespread and consolidated are Sztumski and Sokólski horses. These two subpopulations are phenotypically diversified, however, the overall level of their genetic differentiation seems to be relatively low and not precisely determined, especially with the use of molecular markers. In reference to this, in this study we used Illumina genotyping arrays to describe in detail the genetic differentiation of these two cold-blooded horse populations. We describe the genetic distance between them, as well as within-population variation, admixture patterns, and level of relatedness within populations. We also made an attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected between those horses by the detection of diversifying selection signals. The results of this study provide initial evidence supporting breeding decisions that were made during conservation breeding program design and answer questions raised by the breeders of Sokólski and Sztumski horses concerning the level of their genetic variation and differentiation.

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High genetic differentiation of grapevine rootstock varieties determined by molecular markers and artificial neural networks

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.43475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e43475 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcia Oliveira Costa ◽

Livia Santos Capel ◽

Carlos Maldonado ◽

Freddy Mora ◽

Claudete Aparecida Mangolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Allelic Frequency ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Neural Network Approach ◽

New Varieties ◽

Neural Network Algorithm ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

The Individual

The genetic differentiation of grapevine rootstock varieties was inferred by the Artificial Neural Network approach based on the Self-Organizing Map algorithm. A combination of RAPD and SSR molecular markers, yielding polymorphic informative loci, was used to determine the genetic characterization among the rootstock varieties 420-A, Schwarzmann, IAC-766 Campinas, Traviú, Kober 5BB, and IAC-572 Jales. A neural network algorithm, based on allelic frequency, showed that the individual grapevine rootstocks (n = 64) were grouped into three genetically differentiated clusters. Cluster 1 included only the Kober 5BB rootstock, Cluster 2 included rootstocks of the varieties Traviú and IAC-572, and Cluster 3 included 420-A, Schwarzmann and IAC-766 plants. Evidence from the current study indicates that, despite the morphological similarities of the 420-A and Kober 5BB varieties, which share the same genetic origin, two new varieties were generated that are genetically divergent and show differences in performance.

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Number of individuals and molecular markers to use in genetic differentiation studies

Molecular Ecology Notes ◽

10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01476.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1010-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

RAUL F. MEDINA ◽

PEDRO BARBOSA ◽

MARY CHRISTMAN ◽

ANDREA BATTISTI

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Number Of Individuals

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Molecular markers reveal little genetic differentiation amongAconitum noveboracenseandA. columbianum(Ranunculaceae) populations

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.2307/2657023 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 337-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Christopher T. Cole ◽

Margaret A. Kuchenreuther

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Differentiation

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Molecular markers reveal no genetic differentiation between Myrica rivas-martinezii and M. faya (Myricaceae)

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mcn222 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Miguel A. González-Pérez ◽

Pedro A. Sosa ◽

Elisabeth Rivero ◽

Edna A. González-González ◽

Agustín Naranjo

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Differentiation

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Isolation and endemism in subterranean aquatic snails: unexpected case of Montenegrospeum bogici (Pešić et Glöer, 2012) (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea: Hydrobiidae)

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10750-021-04688-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrzej Falniowski ◽

Vladimir Pešić ◽

Brian Lewarne ◽

Jozef Grego ◽

Aleksandra Rysiewska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Karst Region ◽

Aquatic Species ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Dinaric Karst ◽

Distance Model ◽

Single Locality

AbstractThe subterranean aquatic snails may serve as a model of endemism and isolation vs. migration in subterranean habitats. The aim of the present paper is to verify the hypothesis that subterranean aquatic snails can migrate through diverse subterranean habitats, applying four molecular markers as well as a RAPD technique and shell morphometry. They were used to estimate the differences and gene flow between populations of the hydrobiid subterranean aquatic species Montenegrospeum bogici, collected in the Dinaric karst region. Three molecularly distinct taxonomic units were distinguished. The mOTU B was found at single locality, mOTU C at two, but the mOTU A at ten localities, scattered along 236 km distance, at two of them in sympatry with either mOTU B or C. Within mOTU A, the estimated levels of the gene flow were high. The pairwise measures of genetic differentiation were statistically significantly associated with geographic distances between the populations. In general, neither the infinite-island model of interpopulation differentiation, expected for isolated populations, nor the stepping-stone one, but rather the isolation-by-distance model explained the observed pattern. Our results suggest that interstitial habitats provide ways of migration for the stygobiont M. bogici, as has been already suggested for other subterranean gastropods.

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Molecular markers reveal strong geographic, but not host associated, genetic differentiation inAphidius transcaspicus, a parasitoid of the aphid genusHyalopterus

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485308006147 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 83-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J.D. Lozier ◽

G.K. Roderick ◽

N.J. Mills

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Host Plant ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Primary Host ◽

Geographic Origins ◽

Host Plant Specificity

AbstractHost plant associated genetic differentiation is a common phenomenon in phytophagous insects, but the degree to which such associations sequentially drive diversification at higher trophic levels is not as well understood. A recent study examining neutral molecular markers inHyalopterusaphids revealed that genetic structure in this genus is strongly determined by primary host plant use (Prunusspp.). In this paper, we take a similar approach to determine whether this host plant specificity has affected genetic structure in the parasitoidAphidius transcaspicus, an important natural enemy ofHyalopterusspp. in the Mediterranean. Mitochondrial DNA (428 bp) and seven microsatellite loci were examined in parasitoids collected from aphid populations on almond, apricot, peach and plum trees from Spain and Greece. In contrast to the previous findings forHyalopterusfrom the same regions, here we find no evidence for host associated diversification inA. transcaspicusat the species level or below, though geographic structure between regional populations is exceptionally high. These findings have several implications for our understanding of the ecology and evolution ofA. transcaspicusas well as for its use as a biological control agent forHyalopterus, suggesting that a consideration of host plant specificity may be less critical than factors such as climatic suitability or geographic origins of invasive populations.

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