New Bodies in Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Johri
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Caste System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Contested Spaces ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Globalizing cities in India offer the promise of escape from caste- and gender-based identities, but those who make the journey often encounter difficulties, including the fragmentation of their home experience, and even violence once they get to the city. Lower-middle-class girls are seen as a challenge to ideals of chaste Indian womanhood, while Dalit boys and girls are challenging dominant ideals in Brahmanical India by questioning the nation state and its inherited ideals, including the caste system. This paper draws on cinematic and lived narratives to argue that cities in India are characterized by highly contested spaces, bodily practices, and technologies of the self, where the body of the city, and bodies in the city, are the lived realities of these tense negotiations.

scholarly journals Between field and home: notes from the balcony

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110205
Author(s):  
Shruti Ragavan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
The City

Balconies, windows and terraces have come to be identified as spaces with newfound meaning over the past year due to the Covid-19 pandemic and concomitant lockdowns. There was not only a marked increase in the use of these spaces, but more importantly a difference in the very nature of this use since March 2020. It is keeping this latter point in mind, that I make an attempt to understand the spatial mobilities afforded by the balcony in the area of ethnographic research. The street overlooking my balcony, situated amidst an urban village in the city of Delhi – one of my field sites, is composed of middle and lower-middle class residents, dairy farms and farmers, bovines and other nonhumans. In this note, through ethnographic observations, I reflect upon the balcony as constituting that liminal space between ‘field’ and ‘home’, as well as, as a spatial framing device which conditions and affects our observations and interactions. This is explored by examining two elements – the gendered nature of the space, and the notion of ‘distance and proximity’, through personal narratives of engaging-with the field, and subjects-objects of study in the city.

The Gendered Social Organization of Migration as Work

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet W. Salaff
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender

Borrowing concepts from the study of work and occupations as well as gender studies, this paper considers the social organization of migration as gendered work. It explores women's and men's contribution to two aspects of family resources needed to migrate: (a) jobs and the non-market exchanges involved in obtaining work, and (b) the support of kin. The data come from a study of 30 emigrant and non-emigrant families representing three social classes in Hong Kong. We find their “migration work” varies by social class and gender. Since the working class families depend on kin to get resources to emigrate, their “migration work” involves maintaining these kin ties, mainly in the job area. The lower middle class proffer advice to kin, and they view kin as an information source on topics including migration. For the affluent, middle-class who negotiate independently to emigrate, their “migration work” involves linking colleagues to the family.

Satellites

Hotel Mexico ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Nation State ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
University City ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

The notion of satellites deployed in Chapter 5 elucidates the sociopolitical status of the middle class and youth within the Mexican nation-state at mid-century. Both were peripheral to the franchise, their political options curtailed by the corporatist and clientelist institutions. While the new university campuses, such as the representative University City (supervised in part by Mario Pani), appeared as the spaces of conviviality, they were in fact spaces of management and control, designed to prevent disruptions to the programmed flows of the city. In this light, the chapter discusses the 68 Movement’s slogan ganar la calle as the set of conscious, intentional, and insurgent urban tactics, both embodied and discursive, devised to counter the state’s denial of room for political participation—most notably, through the movement’s marches

scholarly journals Memories of the struggles for the rights of immigrant women in Barcelona

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Catalina Álvarez Martínez-Conde ◽  
Clara Elena Romero Boteman ◽  
Karina Fulladosa Leal ◽  
Marisela Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Immigrant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Immigrant Identity ◽  
Spaces Of Resistance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Positions

This article is the result of an intentional articulation between the authors’ activist and academic positions as feminists and anti-racists in Barcelona. Using a narrative construction, we discuss memories of the struggles for the rights of immigrant women in the city. Firstly, the memories interact with other trajectories of struggle that go beyond ‘immigrant’ identity. Secondly, the memories give an account of activisms crossed by difference, in which difference operates as a linking category, from where dialogue and interpellation relationships are established. Thirdly, the memories help to construct the body and day-to-day life within spaces of resistance, serving as an instrument alongside gender in the struggles for rights. We close the article reflecting on memory and gender as intersectional processes that offer further perspectives on resistance and immigration.

scholarly journals Gender Inequalities and the Effects of Feminine Artworks on Public Spaces: A Dialogue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Hooshmand Alizadeh ◽  
Josef Kohlbacher ◽  
Rozhen Kamal Mohammed-Amin ◽  
Tabin Latif Raouf
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Kurdish Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Feminist street art aims to transform patriarchal spaces into places of gendered resistance by asserting a feminist presence in the city. Considering this, as well as women’s social life, their struggle against lingering forces of patriarchy, and relating features of inequality (domestic violence), there was a feminist installation artwork by the young Kurdish artist Tara Abdulla that shook the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan on 26 October 2020. She had prepared a 4,800‐meter‐long washing line covered with the clothes of 99,678 Kurdish women who were survivors of sexual and gender‐based violence. They installed it along the busiest street of the city (Salim Street). She used this piece of feminine to express her reaction to the Kurdish society regarding, the abuse that goes on silently, behind closed doors. She also aimed towards normalizing women’s bodies. After the installation, she received many controversial reactions. As her artwork was a pioneering project in line with feminist issues in Kurdistan which preoccupied the city for quite a while, the aim of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of her work on the current dialogue regarding gender inequality in the Kurdish society. To do this, we used the research method of content analysis on big data (Facebook comments) to investigate the public reactions of a larger number of locals. The Feminine effectively exposed some of the deep‐rooted cultural, religious, and social barriers in addressing gender inequalities and silent sexual violence issues in the modern Kurdish patriarchal society.

scholarly journals Flânerie in Valerie Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pfalzgraf
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Valerie Tagwira’s debut novel The Uncertainty of Hope, set in Harare in 2005, depicts the city on the brink of collapse, characterized by the effects of economic crisis and political violence against the urban poor. Political marginalization of the working classes and gender-based violence intersect and diminish the prospects for the social and spatial mobility of the urban poor. In this article I apply the lens of flânerie to the pedestrian movements of Tagwira’s protagonist Onai Moyo, an impoverished woman who makes a living by selling vegetables on Harare’s streets. In order to make a case for Onai’s ‘flânerie against all odds’, I revisit Walter Benjamin’s theorization as well as recent scholarly engagements with flânerie in non-European settings. By giving her protagonist a gaze traditionally associated with a European middle-class urbanity of the 19th century, Tagwira expands a tradition of city writing/walking and, like other contemporary engagements with flânerie, also breathes new life into a concept often pronounced inappropriate or unproductive for readings of non-European literature. 

scholarly journals FASILITAS KEBUGARAN JASMANI DI KELURAHAN KALIDERES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2367
Author(s):  
Vincent Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City ◽  
Middle Class People ◽  
Human Social Life

Human social life connected with the growth of the city itself, day now people in common are individualist so the idea of third place come up by sociologist Ray Oldenberg. According to Ray Oldenberg place divide into three, first place is a home, second place – workplace, and third place the place where you can relaxing, hangout, and socialize with the other. Third place have an important role to strengthen social relation, but third place day now is more focus on commercial activities, for example mall, café (Starbuck), bar or restaurant (Mcd) with the target market is upper middle class people so it create sense of ‘unwilling’ to lower middle class people to come to  the same place. This problem could cause social gap and third place no longer open for everyone (neutral). To answer this problem, writer designing SPA & Wellness Facility at Kalideres as third place for people in Kalideres region. This facility provide relaxation facility that can be enjoyed for free nor paid. The free facility consist of park, gymnastics area and shallow water pool for relaxation, this free facility is intended so the lower middle class people at Kalideres can enjoyed the third place facility. For the paid facility consist of gymnastics facility, hair treatment, pantry and SPA (massage, bath and pool).Keyword : Facility; Neutral; Relaxation; Third PlaceAbstrakKehidupan sosial manusia berhubungan dengan perkembangan kotanya, saat ini masyarakat pada umumnya bersifat individualis sehingga muncul isu mengenai third place yang diciptakan oleh Sosiolog Ray Oldenberg. Menurut Ray Oldenberg place dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu first place yang merupakan rumah, second place -tempat bekerja, dan third place yang merupakan tempat untuk bersantai (hangout), berelaksasi dan bersosialisasi. Third place mempunyai peran yang penting untuk mempererat hubungan sosial, akan tetapi third place yang kita temui hari-hari ini di Jakarta lebih fokus kepada aktivitas komersial seperti mall, café (Starbuck), bar atau restoran (Mcd) dengan target marketnya adalah orang menengah ke atas sehingga menimbulkan rasa ‘segan’ bagi orang menengah ke bawah untuk datang ke tempat yang sama. Hal ini kemudian menciptakan kesenjangan sosial dan membuat third place tidak bisa dikunjungi semua orang. Untuk itu menjawab persoalan ini, penulis merancang Fasilitas Kebugaran Jasmani di Kalideres sebagai third place bagi masyarakat Kelurahan Kalideres. Fasilitas ini menyediakan fasilitas relaksasi yang dapat dinikmati secara tidak berbayar maupun berbayar. Fasilitas yang tidak berbayar meliputi area taman, area senam dan area relaksasi di kolam air dangkal, hal ini bertujuan agar orang menengah ke bawah di Kelurahan Kalideres juga dapat menikmati fasilitas third place. Untuk fasilitas yang berbayar terdiri dari fasilitas GYM, salon, pantry dan SPA (pijat, pemandian dan kolam renang).

scholarly journals The Comparasion Determining of Some Route of Angkot In Bandung by Using Greedy Algorithm and Min Plus Algorithm

2018 ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Eka Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Greedy Algorithm ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Short Path ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The People ◽  
Private Transportation ◽  
The City ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Bandung is one of the major cities in Indonesia. The lower middle class is greatly helped by public transportation. Angkot is transportation that is close to the people. However, public transportation services that are less organized can make people switch to using private transportation. This actually has a bad impact on traffic. Thus, there need to be improvements in public transportation in the city of Bandung. One-way roads in the city of Bandung are also the cause of many angkot routes. The choice of public transportation users to choose an efficient angkot route. Efficient here means a short path so that the travel time to the destination is minimal. In the previous article, the Cicaheum Ciroyom and Ujung Berung ITB angkot routes were obtained using the Greedy algorithm. In this discussion, the algorithm that can be used to determine angkot routes in Bandung is the Min-Plus algorithm. After being compared between the Greedy algorithm and the Min plus algorithm, the resulting angkot algorithm is better obtained by the Min Plus algorithm.

Resistance in the New Harem Era: Gendered Violence and the Power of Media in the Time of Covid-19 in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Sara El Ouedrhiri ◽  
Hafsa El Mesbahi
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
Fatima Mernissi ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

In a time of great uncertainties, the world witnesses, for the very first instance in its modern history a global lockdown spanning over all the vital spheres of economic and social life. At this point, when neither leaving home nor staying is an option, the surge to exponentially study the manner in which human life has evolved and been shaped under such circumstances gained valuable interest, especially within the circles of feminist and human rights-based academia. Respectively, researchers argue that the weight of the lockdown and movement restriction policies fall discriminately on men and women as they are interestingly leading such novel experiences in different ways. Men, by having no concern mounting to the priority of protecting themselves from being inflicted by this global pandemic and maintaining their economic roles as the traditional family providers, and women on the margin side of the picture, having to deal with the burden of surviving the dangers that the outside and the inside worlds akin dispose. Henceforth, this article is an attempt to probe the dynamics of the private sphere considering the intersections between oppression, seclusion and violence and the development of new dynamics of resistance by transposing from the early 20th century’s feminine experience of confinement and the 21st century’s global lockdown in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research considers the stories presented by the renowned Moroccan sociologist and author “Fatima Mernissi”, who herself lived a different kind of seclusion behind the colossal and skillfully ostentatious walls of the harem of the city of Fez in the forties of the previous century and this shall be done mainly by reviewing the stories of resistance presented in her memoir Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood; and by considering the stories of five respondents who have shared with us their accounts through various social media outlets upon the surge of the pandemic in Morocco. The purpose here is to unravel the convergences between women’s experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) in both confinements and to foreground the value, significance and challenges these feminine insights being in them simple acts of everyday life constitute in establishing a discourse of resistance and feminine empowerment vis-à-vis patriarchy, seclusion and gender-based violence.

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