scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LINN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
Neeru Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Phenolics Compounds

The present study aims to screen the preliminary photochemical present in the stem bark extracts of Calotropis gigantea. Calotropis gigantea Linn. is prevalently known as the aak, swallow-wort or milkweed. In the traditional system of medicine, the plant is used as one of the most important drugs to treat different diseases. The results showed the presence of phytochemical active compounds of alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, phenolics compounds, tannins, saponins, sterols, proteins, and amino acids in the stem bark extracts. Medicinal plants are the key source of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids which have been demonstrated in vitro to show anti-diabetic properties

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Miriam Tagoe ◽  
Yaw Duah Boakye ◽  
Theresah Appiah Agana ◽  
Vivian Etsiapa Boamah ◽  
Christian Agyare
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Test Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth bark is used in the traditional medicine as a vermifuge. This study sought to determine the anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extract of Albizia ferruginea. The powdered A. ferruginea stem bark was extracted with ethanol. Phytochemical screening was carried out on A. ferruginea ethanol extract (AFE) and then screened for its anthelmintic property against Pheretima posthuma and Haemonchus contortus using the adult motility assay. The effect of AFE and its fractions on the anthelminthic activity of mebendazole and albendazole were also determined using the adult worm (P. posthuma) motility assay. AFE showed a dose-dependent anthelmintic activity against P. posthuma and H. contortus. The least concentration of AFE (0.5 mg/mL) paralyzed and killed P. posthuma within 272.50 ± 12.42  min and 354.50 ± 5.06  min of exposure, respectively. AFE at the least test concentration (0.14 mg/mL) caused paralysis and induced death of H. contortus, after at 63.50 ± 2.98 and 254.96 ± 2.44  min of exposure, respectively. AFE extract at 0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL increased the paralytic and helminthicidal activities of albendazole. The paralytic and helminthicidal activities of mebendazole were reduced when combined with AFE (0.25 and 0.125 mg/mL). Among the three fractions obtained from AFE, the methanol fraction showed the highest anthelmintic activity. The methanol fraction at 0.5 mg/mL caused paralysis after 69.90 ± 0.15  min and death of worm after 92.53 ± 0.74  min of exposure. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions showed relatively low anthelmintic activity. Phytochemical screening of AFE revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, and coumarins. The results from this study show that A. ferruginea possesses anthelmintic activity which gives credence to its folkloric use.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening of Syzygium cumini (L.) extracts in different solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M Hasanuzzaman ◽  
W Islam ◽  
MB Islam
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Phytochemical screening of the secondary metabolites was performed with acetone, chloroform, methanol and n-hexane extracts of the leaves, roots, stem bark and seeds of the plant Syzygium cumini (Linn.) and were detected using various tests for identifying the isolated components. Acetone extract of the leaves showed the presence glycosides, phenols, proteins, resins and saponins while the stem bark extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, proteins, resins and saponins. All the above constituents except saponins were detected in the root extract. The seed extract contains alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, proteins and tannins. Chloroform extract of the leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, proteins and steroids while root extract contains alkaloids and steroids and that of seed extract alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, proteins and tannins, however, alkaloids and tannins were found in the stem bark extract. Methanol extract of the leaves and stem bark showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, resins, saponins, steroids and tannins while the root extracts contain all the above constituents along with proteins. N-hexane extract of the leaves contain only alkaloids, roots contain alkaloids and resins and that of seeds contain carbohydrates and proteins while alkaloids, proteins and tannins were found in stem bark extract. The present findings reveal the presence of various medicinally important phytochemicals from the plant S. cumini extracts may have application in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailmentsJ. bio-sci. 24: 11-18, 2016

scholarly journals IN-VIVO ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA GAERTN F. (SAPOTACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
A. A. Jimoh ◽  
B. E. Patrick ◽  
M. I. Yakubu ◽  
D. Mallam
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Different parts of Vitellaria paradoxa plant have many applications in ethno-medicine. Some of the uses of this plant include treatment of diarrhoea and other GIT disorders. In this study the antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Vitellaria paradoxa was evaluated using three experimental models: Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; small intestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) models in mice. Five groups of five mice were used for each model. Group one mice received 10 ml/kg of distilled water, while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract orally respectively. Group 5 mice received Loperamide 5 mg/kg orally. Oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined using OECD (2008) Guideline 425. Phytochemical studies were conducted using standard procedures. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight and there were no signs of mortality or visible signs of toxicity in all the mice treated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones glycosides. Extract showed a dose-dependent anti-diarrhoeal activity by reducing stool frequency and consistency. The extract at the higher doses significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited GIT motility and castor oil-induced enteropooling, comparable to that of the reference control drug Loperamide. The study showed that ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa possess anti-diarrhoeal activity and thus justifies its ethno-medicinal use in the treatment of diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alessandro Rodrigues ◽  
Priscylla Giffony ◽  
Sarah dos Santos ◽  
Jhonyson Guedes ◽  
Maria Elenir Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Spondias Purpurea

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

Bioactive Compounds and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Trilepisium madagascariense DC.

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe ◽  
Tolulope Esther Onibudo ◽  
Roger Murugas Coopoosamy ◽  
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Lack of in vitro antihyaluronidase activity of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoria L and methanolic stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens DC

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
WanigasekaraDaya Ratnasooriya ◽  
ChathurangaBharathee Ranaweera ◽  
WalimuniPrabhashini Abeysekara ◽  
Ranjith Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of Amblygonocarpus andongensis aqueous stem bark extract in wistar albino rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Aliyu Ebbo Abdullahi ◽  
Teleh Elsa Abdullahi ◽  
Udok Etuk Emmanuel ◽  
Jengebe Ladan Muhammad ◽  
Alhaji Saganuwan Saganuwan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

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