“Regardless of Gender, Class, Color, and Condition”

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Molly A. Warsh
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Consumption Practices

This chapter turns to pearl consumption practices in the seventeenth century and considers what they reveal about the overlap between personal and imperial approaches to the custodianship of value. Drawing on personal correspondence of high-ranking diplomats, smugglers, widows, and children in Spain, as well as Inquisition records from Lima and Cartagena, the inventories of London goldsmiths, and Amsterdam-based Sephardic jewelers’ ledgers, it shows that the use and exchange of pearls among families, friends, and business associates reflected highly contextual assessments of value and worth. The personal political economies that pearls illuminated were often, if not always, at odds with official assessments of the jewel, which tried to remove them from their context and assign them arbitrary financial valuations. In art, pearls could be used to explore the supposed nature of different types of subjects, but in reality they figured in the socially embedded wealth husbandry practices of people of diverse backgrounds and means. The sixteen thousand smuggled pearls discovered in a small lead box that sank in 1622 with the Spanish galleon Santa Margarita illustrate the tremendous variety of the jewel, their subjective appeal, and their accessibility.

MEILUŽĖ IR RAGANA: KOTRYNA TELNIČIETĖ IR „JUODASIS“ JOS MITAS / CONCUBINE AND ENCHANTRESS: KATARZYNA TELNICZANKA AND HER BLACK MYTHSUMMARY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019/2 ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
S. C. ROWELL
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
A Minor

CONCUBINE AND ENCHANTRESS: KATARZYNA TELNICZANKA AND HER BLACK MYTH Summary S.C. R O W E L L Katarzyna Hochstadt of Telnicz (ca 1480–1528), mistress of Sigismund the Old, mother of John of the Lithuanian Dukes, bishop of Vilnius (1519–36) and Poznań (1536–38) has come down in history as an enchanting beauty or a witch, or both. Her image is defined by her relationship with powerful men – her lover, her son, her husband (Andrzej Kościelecki, castellan of Wojnicz and sub–treasurer of the Crown of Poland) and alleged victims (various royal secretaries and high–ranking clerics). This article assesses what little by way of solid evidence is known of her life and how this can be related with the image of man–chasing vamp, interference in the running of the diocese of Vilnius (thereby allegedly provoking the appointment of bishop protectors to the see) and scandal in village and town (according to one seventeenth–century historian). There is evidence that while John of the Lithuanian Dukes was still a minor and enjoyed the rank of provost of Płock and Poznań and canon of Kraków the property associated with his office was overseen by his step–father and perhaps by his mother. After John became bishop of Vilnius, Her Magnificence the Bishop‘s Mother, the Lady Dowager Castellan of Wojnicz and Sub–Treasurer of the Crown of Poland resided for some time at her son‘s court in Vilnius and on at least two occasions exercised her maternal influence to facilitate access to the bishop for canons (Stanislaw Dambrowka, Martin of Dusniki and Albert Wielezinski) involved in a dispute with their brother canon and scholast Jakub Staszkowski. The detailed discussion of internal cathedral disputes in the presence of a lay person, and even worse, a woman, scandalised members of the Cathedral Chapter but there is no evidence that Lady Katarzyna sought to determine the outcome of this case. We also know that she patronised at least one noblewoman (the widowed sister–in–law of Bishop Albert Tabor) who subsequently adopted Bishop John as her son and heir and made financial endowments on both the bishop and his mother. After Katarzyna died in Vilnius in the late summer of 1528 her corpse was transported to Kraków for burial by a Vilnius canon, Erasmus Eustachii, whose family had connections with Andrzej Kościelecki and Bishop John of Vilnius. The satirical verse penned by Andrzej Krzycki concerning a mother–stepmother and father–stepfather (Katarzyna and King Sigismund) and „an old hag who stinks like a goat“ represents neo–Latin literary exercises provoked by fear of the influence at the royal court of Katarzyna and her family rather than an accurate and literal description of Katarzyna and her activities.

The Making of a Success Story

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Stefania Tutino
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
High Ranking Official ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter introduces the main protagonist of the book: Carlo Calà Duke of Diano, a jurist and high-ranking official in the viceregal administration. This chapter also sets the historical context of the story of the forgery by describing the main political, economic, social, and religious characteristics of the Kingdom of Naples in the seventeenth century. More specifically, this chapter explains the social, cultural, and intellectual advantages that a noble pedigree conferred to the Neapolitan non-aristocratic elites; explores the main sources of tension between the papacy and the Neapolitan viceroy; sheds light on the power dynamics between the Roman Inquisition and the local ecclesiastical leaders; and introduces the complexities of the liturgical and devotional life of early modern Catholics.

Criteria for Evaluating Textual Readings: The Limitations of Textual Rules

1982 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-448
Author(s):  
Emanuel Tov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Different Types

Old Testament textual criticism focuses on variant readings (such as “on the seventh day” in the MT of Gen 2:2 as opposed to “on the sixth day” in the Samaritan Pentateuch and in the LXX and the Peshitta) and these readings must be evaluated carefully. Ever since the seventeenth century, abstract rules have been formulated for the evaluation of textual readings. These abstract rules are of different types and each generation of OT scholars has a different approach to them. In the seventeenth century only a few such rules were suggested, but after that time one notices a growing appreciation for and employment of textual rules. In the present century one discovers a frequent reliance on–and often a blind belief in–textual rules.

Business Citizenship and United States “Investor Capitalism”

ruffin_darden ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Nielsen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Managerial Capitalism ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The U.S

There are several different types of capitalist political-economies and business organizations. Consequently, the implications for business citizenship behaviors are also quite different. In the older “large family owned business” and “managerial capitalism” forms there are important structural opportunities for a social contract and balancing of the needs of various stakeholder groups. In the “investor capitalist” form which emerged in the 1980s and has come to dominate the U.S. political-economic system, there is a dominant priority toward optimization of the shareholder wealth criterion which makes it very difficult for such business organizations to engage in authentic citizenship behaviors.

scholarly journals Something New about the 1564 Apostol from the Diaghilev-Lifar Collection

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
Sergei Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
High Ranking

This note reveals new facts about the 1564 Apostol from the Diaghilev-Lifar Collection by examining some previously unknown notations in the book. In the middle of the seventeenth century a high-ranking hierarch, Metropolitan Kornilii of Kazan and Sviiazhsk, donated the book to a church in the Kazan district.

Meet the Food Radicals

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-30
Author(s):  
F. Bailey Norwood ◽  
Tamara L. Mix
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
International Laws

Brief bios and pictures of twenty-seven individuals are offered as a preliminary introduction to the “food radicals” who engaged in conversations with the authors. Some individuals are considered food radicals because they are helping to radically change how we farm, or challenge society to radically change how food is distributed. Others seek radical departures in the local and international laws regarding the production and selling of food. A few seek radical changes in how people eat. All come from diverse backgrounds, showing that the food system is impacted by many different types of people with a multitude of perspectives.

Corruption and anti-corruption in China: a case study of high-ranking officials

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-734
Author(s):  
Jiahong He
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Underlying Causes

Purpose With the analysis of the causes of corruption, this study aims to investigate specific anti-corruption measures that can be implemented to reform the political system and the social climate of China. Design/methodology/approach This study examines 97 severe corruption cases of high-ranking officials in China, which occurred between 2012 and 2015. As this insinuates that both institutional and social corruption are major problems in China, the analysis delves into multiple facts of corruption, including different types, four primary underlying causes, and suggestions regarding the implementation of three significant governmental shifts that focus on investigation, prevention tactics and legal regulations. Findings China’s corruption is not only individual-based but also it has developed into institutional corruption and social corruption. Besides human nature and instinct, the causes of corruption can be organised into four categories, namely, social customs, social transitions, institutional designs and institutional operations. For the removed high-ranking officials, the formation of interest chains was an important underlying cause behind their corruption. Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this study provides a well-rounded approach to a complex issue by highlighting the significance of democracy and the rule of law as ways to regulate human behaviour to combat future corruption.

Corruption, Inefficiency, and Imperial Decline in the Seventeenth-Century Viceroyalty of Peru

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Andrien
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
The Political ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Methodological Problems

The methodological problems involved in studying the political role of corruption and inefficiency have long baffled historians of seventeenth-century Spanish America. Complaints by contemporaries about various forms of corruption (fraudes), abuses (abusos), bribery (cohecho), and other forms of corruption (mala administratión), abound in the extant archivai documents of the period. In addition, successive viceroys and royal inspectors (visitadores) frequently charged that colonial officials were too stupid, lazy, or inexperienced to carry out their duties efficiently. One visitador in 1683, for example, described the administrative practices of high-ranking treasury officials in the viceregal capital of Lima as “la más ciega y descuidada que se ha visto en muchos siglos,” and went on to recommend that such officials be “despoblados de sus plazas, poniendo in su lugar personas capazes y inteligentes.”

Medicines education at home – A case study in Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 986-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hokkanen ◽  
Anna-Liisa Elorinne ◽  
Katri Hämeen-Anttila ◽  
Tuula Keinonen
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Mixed Methods Case Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Medicine Cabinet

Background: Educating children about medicines and medicine use is part of health education and is often seen as parents’ responsibility. However, to date, little research has been conducted on medicines education as provided in the home. Objective: To explore (1) parents’ attitudes towards medicines, (2) medicines education practices in the home and (3) the interaction in medicines education between the home and at school. Design: Mixed-methods case study. Setting: Pupils and their parents in one comprehensive school in Finland. Method: Before an educational intervention with Year 4 (aged 10–11 years) and Year 7 (aged 13–14 years) students, parents completed a background survey concerning their perceptions, beliefs and knowledge of medicines ( n = 250). Following the intervention, interviews with 12 mothers and 12 children, and medicine cabinet studies ( n = 10) were conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using K-mean cluster analysis to see whether respondents could be divided into different clusters based on their attitudes towards medicines. Qualitative data were analysed using theory-guided content analysis to obtain a picture of home medicines education. Results: Participants, mostly mothers, were divided into different types of medicine educators, whose attitudes towards medicines were either positive or neutral. Medicine consumption practices varied between families, but medicines were usually discussed when the child, a family member, a relative or a friend had a long-term illness; when a family member was suffering from a sickness; and while taking a medicine. In general, interaction between the home and the school was rather limited. Conclusion: The majority of mothers exhibited a strong reliance on public systems of health care. Greater interaction between schools and the home is needed in Finnish medicines education.

Evolution and religion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kitcher
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Different Types

Ever since the seventeenth century, there has been debate about the compatibility of scientific findings and religious doctrines. During this period, many devout people have held that science and religion are fully compatible. With the publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in 1859, however, the consistency of evolution and Christian religion has been an especially contested case. In particular, beliefs about the soul, beliefs about providence, and beliefs in supernatural powers and beings have been at the centre of the debate. But it has often happened that certain beliefs have been thought to be in conflict with Darwinism specifically, when the potential conflict is really with any naturalized scientific approach to biology and to the formation of human beliefs. Besides, there are different types of religion and religious commitment, and the problems involved in this debate are more acute for some than for others.

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