Supplementary material to "Long-term measurements (2009–2015) of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China: implication for emission validation and source control"

Abstract. Long term measurements of air pollutants represented the footprints of emissions to some extent, which could provide useful and consecutive evolution of emissions. Both atmospheric concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been reported decreasing in the past decade due to the implement of various control measures in China, which were different for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) with increasing emissions as reported previously. The present study employed the long-term (2009–2015) NMHCs measurements as well as the related social and economic activities data in Shanghai, a megacity in eastern China, to explore the evolution of NMHCs emissions during the periods. The meteorology and photochemistry which might impact the NMHCs measurements were tested as negligible effects on an annual scale. As a result, NMHCs mixing ratio showed no statistic interannual changes, of which compositions varied significantly. This resulted a statistically decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8 % yr−1 (p

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Trends in PM2.5 Concentration in Nagoya, Japan, from 2003 to 2018 and Impacts of PM2.5 Countermeasures

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Makiko Yamagami ◽

Fumikazu Ikemori ◽

Hironori Nakashima ◽

Kunihiro Hisatsune ◽

Kayo Ueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Control Measures ◽

Source Control ◽

Atmospheric Concentration ◽

Construction Machinery ◽

Emission Regulations ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Stationary Sources ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

In Japan, various countermeasures have been undertaken to reduce the atmospheric concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We evaluated the extent to which these countermeasures were effective in reducing PM2.5 concentrations by analyzing the long-term concentration trends of the major components of PM2.5 and their emissions in Nagoya City. PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 53% over the 16-year period from fiscal years 2003 to 2018 in Nagoya City. Elemental carbon (EC) was the component of PM2.5 with the greatest decrease in concentration over the 16 years, decreasing by 4.3 μg/m3, followed by SO42− (3.0 μg/m3), organic carbon (OC) (2.0 μg/m3), NH4+ (1.6 μg/m3), and NO3− (1.3 μg/m3). The decrease in EC concentration was found to be caused largely by the effect of diesel emission control. OC concentrations decreased because of the effects of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission regulations for stationary sources and reductions in VOCs emitted by vehicles and construction machinery. NO3− concentrations decreased alongside decreased contributions from vehicles, construction machinery, and stationary sources, in descending order of the magnitude of decrease. Although these findings identify some source control measures that have been effective in reducing PM2.5, they also reveal the ineffectiveness of some recent countermeasures for various components, such as those targeting OC concentrations.

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Long-term safety and efficacy of extended-interval prophylaxis with recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) in subjects with haemophilia B

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th16-05-0398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (03) ◽

pp. 508-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

K.John Pasi ◽

Kathelijn Fischer ◽

Margaret Ragni ◽

Beatrice Nolan ◽

David J. Perry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusion Protein ◽

Factor Ix ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Haemophilia B ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Fc Fusion Protein ◽

Recombinant Factor Ix ◽

Bleeding Episodes ◽

Supplementary Material

SummaryThe safety, efficacy, and prolonged half-life of recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) were demonstrated in the Phase 3 B-LONG (adults/adolescents ≥12 years) and Kids B-LONG (children <12 years) studies of subjects with haemophilia B (≤2 IU/dl). Here, we report interim, long-term safety and efficacy data from B-YOND, the rFIXFc extension study. Eligible subjects who completed B-LONG or Kids B-LONG could enrol in B-YOND. There were four treatment groups: weekly prophylaxis (20–100 IU/kg every 7 days), individualised prophylaxis (100 IU/kg every 8–16 days), modified prophylaxis (further dosing personalisation to optimise prophylaxis), and episodic (ondemand) treatment. Subjects could change treatment groups at any point. Primary endpoint was inhibitor development. One hundred sixteen subjects enrolled in B-YOND. From the start of the parent studies to the B-YOND interim data cut, median duration of rFIXFc treatment was 39.5 months and 21.9 months among adults/adolescents and children, respectively; 68/93 (73.1 %) adults/adolescents and 9/23 (39.1 %) children had ≥100 cumulative rFIXFc exposure days. No inhibitors were observed. Median annualised bleeding rates (ABRs) were low in all prophylaxis regimens: weekly (≥12 years: 2.3; <6 years: 0.0; 6 to <12 years: 2.7), individualised (≥12 years: 2.3; 6 to <12 years: 2.4), and modified (≥12 years: 2.4). One or two infusions were sufficient to control 97 % (adults/adolescents) and 95 % (children) of bleeding episodes. Interim data from B-YOND are consistent with data from B-LONG and Kids B-LONG, and confirm the longterm safety of rFIXFc, absence of inhibitors, and maintenance of low ABRs with prophylactic dosing every 1 to 2 weeks.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

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Development and validation of a tool for patient reporting of symptoms and signs of the post-thrombotic syndrome

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th15-04-0318 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (02) ◽

pp. 361-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kristin Kornelia Utne ◽

Waleed Ghanima ◽

Siv Foyn ◽

Susan Kahn ◽

Per Morten Sandset ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

Patient Reporting ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽

Supplementary Material ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Kappa Agreement ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Patient Self Assessment

SummaryPost-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a long-term complication of deepvein thrombosis (DVT). The Villalta scale is the recommended tool for diagnosing PTS, but requires a clinician’s assessment in addition to patient self-assessment. In the present study, we validated a self-administered tool for patient reporting of leg symptoms and signs as a mean to assess PTS. We first validated a form for patient self-reported Villalta (PRV1), then developed and validated a visually assisted form (PRV2). The validity of PRV1 and PRV2 was assessed in patients diagnosed with DVT between 2004 and 2012. Median time from DVT to inclusion was 5.1 and 3.5 years for PRV1 (n=162) and PRV2 (n=94), respectively. Patients were requested to complete the PRV form before a scheduled visit. PTS diagnosed by the original Villalta scale during the visit served as the reference method. PRV1 showed only moderate agreement for diagnosing PTS compared with the original Villalta scale (kappa agreement 0.60, 95 % CI 0.48–0.72), whereas PRV2 showed very good agreement (0.82, 95 % CI 0.71–0.94). In the validation of PRV2, PTS was diagnosed in 54 (57 %) patients according to the original Villalta scale and in 60 (64 %) by PRV2. The sensitivity of PRV2 to detect PTS was 98 % and the specificity was 83 %. We conclude that the visually assisted form for PRV is a valid and sensitive tool for diagnosing PTS. Such a tool could be applied in further clinical studies of PTS, making studies less resource demanding by reducing the need for in-person clinic visits.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

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