scholarly journals Evidence for long-lived polar vortex air in the mid-latitude summer stratosphere from in situ laser diode CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Durry ◽  
A. Hauchecorne
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer

Abstract. A balloon borne diode laser spectrometer was launched in southern France in June 2000 to yield in situ stratospheric CH4 and H2O measurements. In the altitude region ranging from 20km to 25km, striking large spatial structures were observed in the vertical concentration profiles of both species. We suggest these patterns are due to the presence of long-lived remnants of the wintertime polar vortex in the mid-latitude summer stratosphere. To support this interpretation, a high resolution advection model for potential vorticity is used to investigate the evolution of the Arctic vortex after its breakdown phase in spring 2000.

scholarly journals Evidence for long-lived polar vortex air in the mid-latitude summer stratosphere from in situ laser diode CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253
Author(s):  
G. Durry ◽  
A. Hauchecorne
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer

Abstract. A balloon borne diode laser spectrometer was launched in southern France in June 2000 to yield in situ stratospheric CH4 and H2O measurements. In the altitude region ranging from 20 km to 25 km, striking large spatial structures were observed in the vertical concentration profiles of both species. We suggest these patterns are due to the presence of long-lived remnants of the wintertime polar vortex in the mid-latitude summer stratosphere. To support this interpretation, a high resolution advection model for potential vorticity is used to investigate the evolution of the Arctic vortex after its breakdown phase in spring 2000.

Lightweight diode laser spectrometer CHILD (Compact High-altitude In-situ Laser Diode) for balloonborne measurements of water vapor and methane

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gurlit ◽  
Rainer Zimmermann ◽  
Carsten Giesemann ◽  
Thomas Fernholz ◽  
Volker Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer

scholarly journals A quasi-Lagrangian coordinate system based on high resolution tracer observations: implementation for the Antarctic polar vortex

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 16123-16173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Ivanova ◽  
C. M. Volk ◽  
O. Riediger ◽  
H. Klein ◽  
N. M. Sitnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Vortex Core ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Lagrangian Coordinate ◽  
Antarctic Polar Vortex ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Lagrangian Coordinate System

Abstract. In order to quantitatively analyse the chemical and dynamical evolution of the polar vortex it has proven extremely useful to work with coordinate systems that follow the vortex flow. We propose here a two-dimensional quasi-Lagrangian coordinate system {χi, Δχi}, based on the mixing ratio of a long-lived stratospheric trace gas i, and its systematic use with i = N2O, in order to describe the structure of a well-developed Antarctic polar vortex. In the coordinate system {χi, Δχi} the mixing ratio χi is the vertical coordinate and Δχi = χi(Θ)−χivort(Θ) is the meridional coordinate (χivort(Θ) being a vertical reference profile in the vortex core). The quasi-Lagrangian coordinates {χi, Δχi} persist for much longer time than standard isentropic coordinates, potential temperature Θ and equivalent latitude φe, do not require explicit reference to geographic space, and can be derived directly from high-resolution in situ measurements. They are therefore well-suited for studying the evolution of the Antarctic polar vortex throughout the polar winter with respect to the relevant chemical and microphysical processes. By using the introduced coordinate system {χN2O, ΔχN2O} we analyze the well-developed Antarctic vortex investigated during the APE-GAIA (Airborne Polar Experiment – Geophysica Aircraft in Antarctica – 1999) campaign (Carli et al., 2000). A criterion, which uses the local in-situ measurements of χi=χi(Θ) and attributes the inner vortex edge to a rapid change (δ-step) in the meridional profile of the mixing ratio χi, is developed to determine the (Antarctic) inner vortex edge. In turn, we suggest that the outer vortex edge of a well-developed Antarctic vortex can be attributed to the position of a local minimum of the χH2O gradient in the polar vortex area. For a well-developed Antarctic vortex, the ΔχN2O-parametrization of tracer-tracer relationships allows to distinguish the tracer inter-relationships in the vortex core, vortex boundary region and surf zone and to examine their meridional variation throughout these regions. This is illustrated by analyzing the tracer-tracer relationships χi : χN2O obtained from the in-situ data of the APE-GAIA campaign for i = CFC-11, CFC-12, H-1211 and SF6. A number of solitary anomalous points in the CFC-11 : N2O correlation, observed in the Antarctic vortex core, are interpreted in terms of small-scale cross-isentropic dispersion.

The prevalence of meteoric-sulphuric particles within the stratospheric aerosol layer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Mann ◽  
James Brooke ◽  
Kamalika Sengupta ◽  
Lauren Marshall ◽  
Sandip Dhomse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Particle Layer

&lt;p&gt;The widespread presence of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) within a distinct class of stratospheric aerosol particles has become clear from in-situ measurements in the Arctic, Antarctic and at mid-latitudes.&lt;br&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;We apply an adapted version of the interactive stratosphere aerosol configuration of the composition-climate model UM-UKCA, to predict the global distribution of meteoric-sulphuric particles nucleated heterogeneously on MSP cores. We compare the UM-UKCA results to new MSP-sulphuric simulations with the European stratosphere-troposphere chemistry-aerosol modelling system IFS-CB05-BASCOE-GLOMAP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;The simulations show a strong seasonal cycle in meteoric-sulphuric particle abundance results from the winter-time source of MSPs transported down into the stratosphere in the polar vortex. Coagulation during downward transport sees high latitude MSP concentrations reduce from ~500 per cm3 at 40km to ~20 per cm3 at 25km, the uppermost extent of the stratospheric aerosol particle layer (the Junge layer).&lt;br&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;Once within the Junge layer's supersaturated environment, meteoric-sulphuric particles form readily on the MSP cores, growing to 50-70nm dry-diameter (Dp) at 20-25km. Further inter-particle coagulation between these non-volatile particles reduces their number to 1-5 per cc at 15-20km, particle sizes there larger, at Dp ~100nm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;The model predicts meteoric-sulphurics in high-latitude winter comprise &gt;90% of Dp&gt;10nm particles above 25km, reducing to ~40% at 20km, and ~10% at 15km.&lt;br&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;These non-volatile particle fractions are slightly less than measured from high-altitude aircraft in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (Curtius et al., 2005; Weigel et al., 2014), and consistent with mid-latitude aircraft measurements of lower stratospheric aerosol composition (Murphy et al., 1998), total particle concentrations &amp;#160;also matching in-situ balloon measurements from Wyoming (Campbell and Deshler, 2014).&lt;br&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;The MSP-sulphuric interactions also improve agreement with SAGE-II observed stratospheric aerosol extinction in the quiescent 1998-2002 period.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;Simulations with a factor-8-elevated MSP input form more Dp&gt;10nm meteoric-sulphurics, but the increased number sees fewer growing to Dp ~100nm, the increased MSPs reducing the stratospheric aerosol layer&amp;#8217;s light extinction.&lt;/p&gt;

Lunar multichannel diode laser spectrometer DLS-L for in-situ study of samples pyrolytically evolved from regolith onboard Luna-27 mission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Meshcherinov ◽  
Imant Vinogradov ◽  
Mikhail Gerasimov ◽  
Viktor Kazakov ◽  
Maxim Spiridonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer

HHigh Resolution Spectroscopy Using a Stabilized Diode Laser: the 2υ9 Band of HNO3

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Giesen ◽  
M. Harter ◽  
R. Schieder ◽  
G. Winnewisser ◽  
K.M.T. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Fermi Resonance ◽  
High Resolution Spectrum ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Stabilization Technique

The high resolution spectrum of the 2 υ9 band of HNO3 has been recorded by a tunable diode laser spectrometer with a newly developed frequency stabilization technique. The spectral data were digitally stored and processed by a dedicated micro-computer in order to improve the sensitivity and the precision of the measurements. In addition to the anomalies due to the Fermi resonance with the υ5 = 1 state, we have observed the line doubling caused by the internal rotation of the OH group.

scholarly journals Investigation of Arctic middle-atmospheric dynamics using 3 years of H<sub>2</sub>O and O<sub>3</sub> measurements from microwave radiometers at Ny-Ålesund

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Schranz ◽  
Brigitte Tschanz ◽  
Rolf Rüfenacht ◽  
Klemens Hocke ◽  
Mathias Palm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Middle Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Wind Profiles ◽  
Microwave Radiometers

Abstract. We use 3 years of water vapour and ozone measurements to analyse dynamical events in the polar middle atmosphere such as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), polar vortex shifts, water vapour descent rates and periodicities. The measurements were performed with the two ground-based microwave radiometers MIAWARA-C and GROMOS-C which are co-located at the AWIPEV research base at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79° N, 12° E) since September 2015. The almost continuous datasets of water vapour and ozone are characterised by a high time resolution in the order of hours. A thorough intercomparison of these datasets with models and measurements from satellite, ground-based and in-situ instruments was performed. In the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere the MIAWARA-C profiles agree within 5 % with SD-WACCM simulations and ACE-FTS measurements whereas AuraMLS measurements show an average offset of 10–15 % depending on altitude but constant in time. Stratospheric GROMOS-C profiles are within 5 % of the satellite instruments AuraMLS and ACE-FTS and the ground-based microwave radiometer OZORAM which is also located at Ny-Ålesund. During these first three years of the measurement campaign typical phenomena of the Arctic middle atmosphere took place and we analysed their signatures in the water vapour and ozone datasets. Inside of the polar vortex in autumn we found the descent rate of mesospheric water vapour to be 435 m/day on average. In early 2017 distinct increases in mesospheric water vapour of about 2 ppm were observed when the polar vortex was displaced and midlatitude air was brought to Ny-Ålesund. Two major sudden stratospheric warmings took place in March 2016 and February 2018 where ozone enhancements of up to 4 ppm were observed. The zonal wind reversals accompanying a major SSW were captured in the GROMOS-C wind profiles which are retrieved from the ozone spectra. After the SSW in February 2018 the polar vortex re-established and the water vapour descent rate in the mesosphere was 355 m/day. In the water vapour and ozone time series signatures of atmospheric waves with periods close to 2, 5, 10 and 16 days were found.

Improved Spectroscopic Constants for 14C16O2 Obtained from the ν3 Band

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dobos ◽  
G . Winnewisser ◽  
F. Kling ◽  
J. Mink
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Spectroscopic Constants ◽  
Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Diode Laser Spectrometer ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Ftir Spectrometer

The absorption spectra of carrier free 14C16O2 in the spectral range of 2290-2150 cm−1 by a medium resolution FTIR spectrometer, and the spectral region of 2258 − 2229 cm−1 with a high resolution tunable diode laser spectrometer have been recorded. Spectroscopic constants were calculated from the 0001 − 0000 and 0111 −0110 transitions.

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