scholarly journals Long-term monitoring of atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM) at a remote site in Mt. Changbai area, northeastern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 4417-4446 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. W. Fu ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
L. H. Shang ◽  
S. F. Wang ◽  
H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Remote Site ◽  
Total Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) was continuously monitored at a remote site (CBS) in the Mt. Changbai area, northeastern China biennially from 24 October 2008 to 31 October 2010. The overall mean TGM concentration was 1.60 ± 0.51 ng m−3, which is lower than those reported from remote sites in eastern, southwestern and western China, indicating a relatively low regional anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission intensity in northeastern China. Measurements at a site in the vicinity (~1.2 km) of the CBS station during August 2005 and July 2006 showed a significantly higher mean TGM concentration of 3.58 ± 1.78 ng m−3. The divergent result was partially attributed to fluctuations in the regional surface wind system and moreover an effect of local emission sources. The temporal variation of TGM at CBS was obviously influenced by regional sources as well as long-range transported Hg. Regional sources, frequently contributing to episodical high TGM concentrations, were pinpointed as a large iron mining district in northern North Korea and two large power plants and urban areas to the southwest of the sampling site. Source areas in Beijing, Tianjin, southern Liaoning, Hebei, northwestern Shanxi and northwestern Shandong were found to contribute to elevated TGM observations at CBS via long-range transport. The diurnal pattern of TGM at CBS was mainly regulated by regional sources, likely as well as intrusion of air masses from the free troposphere during summer season. There are no discernible seasonal pattern of TGM at CBS, which mainly showed links with the patterns of regional air movements and long-range transport.

scholarly journals Two years of measurements of atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM) at a remote site in Mt. Changbai area, Northeastern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4215-4226 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. W. Fu ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
L. H. Shang ◽  
S. F. Wang ◽  
H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Remote Site ◽  
Total Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) was continuously monitored at a remote site (CBS) in Mt. Changbai area, Northeastern China from 24 October 2008 to 31 October 2010. The overall mean TGM concentration was 1.60±0.51 ng m−3, which is lower than those reported from remote sites in Eastern, Southwestern, and Western China, indicating a relatively lower regional anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission intensity in Northeastern China. Measurements at a site in the vicinity (~1.2 km) of CBS station from August 2005 to July 2006 showed a significantly higher mean TGM concentration of 3.58±1.78 ng m−3. The divergent result was partially attributed to fluctuations in the relatively frequencies of surface winds during the two study periods and moreover an effect of local emission sources. The temporal variation of TGM at CBS was influenced by regional sources as well as long-range transported Hg. Regional sources frequently contributing to episodical high TGM concentrations were pin-pointed as a large iron mining district in Northern North Korea and two large power plants and urban areas to the southwest of the sampling site. Source areas in Beijing, Tianjin, southern Liaoning, Hebei, northwestern Shanxi, and northwestern Shandong were found to contribute to elevated TGM observations at CBS via long-range transport. Diurnal pattern of TGM at CBS was mainly controlled by regional sources, likely as well as intrusion of air masses from the free troposphere during summer season. There are no consistent seasonal pattern of TGM at CBS, and the monthly TGM variations showed links with the patterns of regional air movements and long-range transport.

scholarly journals Temporal trend and sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at Waliguan GAW station, northwestern China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 30053-30089 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. W. Fu ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
P. Liang ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
J. Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Measurements of speciated atmospheric mercury were conducted at a remote mountain-top station (WLG) at the edge of northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, western China. Mean concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM), particulate mercury (PHg), and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) during the whole sampling campaign were 1.98 ± 0.98 ng m−3, 19.4 ± 18.1 pg m−3, and 7.4 ± 4.8 pg m−3, respectively. Levels of speciated Hg at WLG were slightly higher than those reported from remote areas of North America and Europe. Both regional emissions and long-rang transport played a remarkable role in the distribution of TGM and PHg in ambient air at WLG, whereas RGM showed major links to the regional sources, likely as well as the in-situ productions by photochemical processes. Regional sources for speciated Hg were mostly located to the east of WLG, which is the most developed areas of Qinghai province and accounted for most of the province's anthropogenic Hg emissions. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results showed a strong impact of long-range transport from eastern Gansu, western Ningxia and Shanxi Province, with good accordance with locations of urban areas and industrial centers. Moreover, we found that northern India was also an important source region of WLG during the sampling campaign, and this is the first time of direct evidence of long-range transport of atmospheric Hg from India to northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Seasonal and diurnal variations of TGM were in contrast with most of the previous studies in China, with relatively higher levels in warm seasons and night, respectively. The temporal trend of TGM also highlighted the impact of long-range transport on the distribution of TGM in ambient air at WLG.

scholarly journals Characteristics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in an industrial complex in southern Korea: Impacts from local sources

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Seo ◽  
Seung-Pyo Jeong ◽  
Thomas M. Holsen ◽  
Young-Ji Han ◽  
Eunhwa Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Total Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Local Sources

Abstract. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were measured every 5 min in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea during summer (17 August–23 August 2012), fall (9 October–17 October 2012), winter (22 January–29 January 2013), and spring (26 March–3 April 2013) to: 1) characterize the hourly and seasonal variations of atmospheric TGM concentrations, 2) identify the relationships between TGM and co-pollutants, and 3) identify likely source directions and locations of TGM using conditional probability function (CPF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF) and total potential source contribution function (TPSCF). The TGM concentration was statistically significantly highest in fall (6.7 ± 6.4 ng m−3), followed by spring (4.8 ± 4.0 ng m−3), winter (4.5 ± 3.2 ng m−3) and summer (3.8 ± 3.9 ng m−3). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the TGM concentration and ambient air temperature (r = −0.08) (p < 0.05). Although the daytime temperature (14.7 ± 10.0 °C) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (13.0 ± 9.8 °C) (p < 0.05), the daytime TGM concentration (5.3 ± 4.7 ng m−3) was statistically significantly higher than those in the night time (4.7 ± 4.7 ng m−3) (p < 0.01), possibly due to local emissions related to industrial activities and activation of local surface emission sources. The observed ΔTGM/ΔCO was significantly lower than that of Asian long-range transport, but similar to that of local sources in Korea and in US industrial events suggesting that local sources are more important than that of long-range transport. CPF, CBPF and TPSCF indicated that the main sources of TGM were iron and manufacturing facilities, the hazardous waste incinerators and the coastal areas.

scholarly journals Characteristics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in an industrial complex in South Korea: impacts from local sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 10215-10228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Seo ◽  
Seung-Pyo Jeong ◽  
Thomas M. Holsen ◽  
Young-Ji Han ◽  
Eunhwa Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Total Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Gaseous Mercury ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Waste Incinerators

Abstract. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were measured every 5 min in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, during summer (17–23 August 2012), fall (9–17 October 2012), winter (22–29 January 2013), and spring (26 March–3 April 2013) to (1) characterize the hourly and seasonal variations of atmospheric TGM concentrations; (2) identify the relationships between TGM and co-pollutants; and (3) identify likely source directions and locations of TGM using the conditional probability function (CPF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF) and total potential source contribution function (TPSCF). The TGM concentration was statistically significantly highest in fall (6.7 ± 6.4 ng m−3), followed by spring (4.8 ± 4.0 ng m−3), winter (4.5 ± 3.2 ng m−3) and summer (3.8 ± 3.9 ng m−3). There was a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between the TGM concentration and ambient air temperature (r = −0.08, p<0.05). Although the daytime temperature (14.7 ± 10.0 °C) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (13.0 ± 9.8 °C) (p<0.05), the daytime TGM concentration (5.3 ± 4.7 ng m−3) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (4.7 ± 4.7 ng m−3) (p<0.01), possibly due to local emissions related to industrial activities and activation of local surface emission sources. The observed ΔTGM ∕ ΔCO was significantly lower than that of Asian long-range transport, but similar to that of local sources in Korea and in US industrial events, suggesting that local sources are more important than those of long-range transport. CPF, CBPF and TPSCF indicated that the main sources of TGM were iron and manufacturing facilities, the hazardous waste incinerators and the coastal areas.

scholarly journals Temporal trend and sources of speciated atmospheric mercury at Waliguan GAW station, Northwestern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1951-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. W. Fu ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
P. Liang ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
J. Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. Measurements of speciated atmospheric mercury were conducted at a remote mountain-top station (Waliguan (WLG) Baseline Observatory) at the edge of northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Western China. Mean concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM), particulate bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) during the whole sampling campaign were 1.98±0.98 ng m−3, 19.4±18.1 pg m−3, and 7.4±4.8 pg m−3, respectively. Levels of speciated Hg at WLG were slightly higher than those reported from remote areas of North America and Europe. Both regional sources and long-rang transport played important roles in the distribution of atmospheric TGM and PBM at WLG, whereas GOM showed major links to the regional sources, likely as well as the in-situ productions via photochemical processes. Regional sources for speciated Hg were mostly located to the east of WLG, which is the most industrial and urbanized areas of Qinghai province. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results showed that eastern Gansu, western Ningxia and Shanxi Province were likely the potential source regions of WLG, with good accordance with locations of urban areas and industrial centers. Moreover, we found that Northern India may be a significant source region for WLG during the sampling campaign, and this is the first published evidence suggesting long-range transport of atmospheric Hg from India to the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Seasonal and diurnal variations of TGM were in contrast to most of the previous studies in China, with relatively higher levels in warm seasons and night, respectively. The temporal trend of TGM also highlighted the impact of long-range transport on the distribution of TGM in ambient air at WLG.

Long-range transport and regional sources of PM2.5 in Beijing based on long-term observations from 2005 to 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Zirui Liu ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Dongsheng Ji ◽  
Yuesi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Range Transport

scholarly journals Change of iron species and iron solubility in Asian dust during the long-range transport from western China to Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 11237-11252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
M. Higashi ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
S. Mitsunobu
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Iron Species ◽  
Iron Solubility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soluble Iron ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. In the North Pacific, transport and deposition of mineral dust from Asia appear to be one of major sources of iron which can regulate growth of phytoplankton in the ocean. In this process, it is essential to identify chemical species of iron contained in Asian dust, because bioavailability of iron in the ocean is strongly influenced by the solubility of iron, which in turn is dependent on iron species in the dust. Here, we report that clay minerals (illite and chlorite) in the dusts near the source collected at Aksu (western China) can be transformed into ferrihydrite by atmospheric chemical processes during their long-range transport to eastern China (Qingdao) and Japan (Tsukuba) based on the speciation by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and other methods such as X-ray diffraction and chemical extraction. As a result, Fe molar ratio in Aksu (illite : chlorite : ferrihydrite = 70 : 25 : 5) was changed to that in Tsukuba (illite : chlorite : ferrihydrite = 65 : 10 : 25). Moreover, leaching experiments were conducted to study the change of iron solubility. It was found that the iron solubility for the dust in Tsukuba (soluble iron fraction: 11.8 % and 1.10 % for synthetic rain water and seawater, respectively) was larger than that in Aksu (4.1 % and 0.28 %, respectively), showing that iron in the dust after the transport becomes more soluble possibly due to the formation of ferrihydrite in the atmosphere. Our findings suggested that secondary formation of ferrihydrite during the transport should be considered as one of important processes in evaluating the supply of soluble iron to seawater.

scholarly journals Change of iron species and iron solubility in Asian dust during the long-range transport from western China to Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 19545-19580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
M. Higashi ◽  
T. Furukawa ◽  
S. Mitsunobu
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Western China ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Iron Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Range Transport

Abstract. In the North Pacific, transport and deposition of mineral dust from Asia appear to be one of major sources of iron which can regulate growth of phytoplankton in the ocean. In this process, it is essential to identify chemical species of iron contained in Asian dust, because bioavailability of iron in the ocean is strongly influenced by the solubility of iron, which in turn is dependent on iron species in the dust. Here, we report that clay minerals (illite and chlorite) in the dusts near the source (western China) are transformed into ferrihydrite by atmospheric chemical processes during their long-range transport to eastern China and Japan based on the speciation by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and other methods such as X-ray diffraction and chemical extraction. Moreover, it was found that iron in the dust after the transport becomes more soluble in our leaching experiments conducted for 24 h compared with those for initial dusts possibly due to the formation of ferrihydrite in the atmosphere. Our findings suggested that ferrihydrite secondarily formed during the transport is an important source of soluble iron species, which can be more soluble than clay minerals initially contained in the mineral dust such as illite and chlorite.

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