scholarly journals Ground-based measurements of middle-atmospheric carbon monoxide above Ny-Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall J. Ryan ◽  
Mathias Palm ◽  
Christoph G. Hoffmann ◽  
Jens Goliasch ◽  
Justus Notholt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide

Abstract. We present a new ground-based system for measurements of middle-atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) at Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, and the altitude profiles of CO volume mixing ratios (VMR) measured during the 2017/2018 winter. The Carbon Monoxide Radiometer for Atmospheric Measurements (CORAM) records spectra from CO emissions in the middle-atmosphere with the aid of a low-noise amplifier designed for the 230 GHz spectral region. Altitude profiles of CO VMRs are retrieved from the measured spectra using an optimal estimation inversion technique. The profiles in the current dataset have an average altitude range of 47–87 km and an estimated precision peaking at ~ 12 % of the a priori used in the inversion. The CORAM profiles are compared to collocated CO measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite and show a difference of 7.4–16.1 %, with a maximum absolute difference of 2.5 ppmv at 86 km altitude. CO profiles are currently available at 1 hr resolution between November 2017 and January 2018.

scholarly journals Ground-based millimetre-wave measurements of middle-atmospheric carbon monoxide above Ny-Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 4077-4089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall J. Ryan ◽  
Mathias Palm ◽  
Christoph G. Hoffmann ◽  
Jens Goliasch ◽  
Justus Notholt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide

Abstract. We present a new ground-based system for measurements of middle-atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, and the altitude profiles of CO volume mixing ratios (VMRs) measured during the 2017/2018 winter. The Carbon Monoxide Radiometer for Atmospheric Measurements (CORAM) records spectra from CO spectral emissions in the middle atmosphere with the aid of a low-noise amplifier designed for the 230 GHz spectral region. Altitude profiles of CO VMRs are retrieved from the measured spectra using an optimal estimation inversion technique. The profiles in the current dataset have an average altitude range of 47–87 km, with special consideration to be given to data at >∼70 km altitude. The estimated uncertainty in the CO profile peaks at ∼12 % of the a priori data used in the inversion. The CORAM profiles are compared to co-located CO measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite and show a difference of 7.4–16.1 %, with a maximum absolute difference of 2.5 ppmv at 86 km altitude. CO profiles are currently available at 1 h resolution between November 2017 and January 2018. The instrument measures during Arctic winter because summer time CO concentrations are so low as to be undetectable by CORAM.

scholarly journals A 60 yr record of atmospheric carbon monoxide reconstructed from Greenland firn air

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7567-7585 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Petrenko ◽  
P. Martinerie ◽  
P. Novelli ◽  
D. M. Etheridge ◽  
I. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract. We present the first reconstruction of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitude atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) mole fraction from Greenland firn air. Firn air samples were collected at three deep ice core sites in Greenland (NGRIP in 2001, Summit in 2006 and NEEM in 2008). CO records from the three sites agree well with each other as well as with recent atmospheric measurements, indicating that CO is well preserved in the firn at these sites. CO atmospheric history was reconstructed back to the year 1950 from the measurements using a combination of two forward models of gas transport in firn and an inverse model. The reconstructed history suggests that Arctic CO in 1950 was 140–150 nmol mol−1, which is higher than today's values. CO mole fractions rose by 10–15 nmol mol−1 from 1950 to the 1970s and peaked in the 1970s or early 1980s, followed by a ≈ 30 nmol mol−1 decline to today's levels. We compare the CO history with the atmospheric histories of methane, light hydrocarbons, molecular hydrogen, CO stable isotopes and hydroxyl radicals (OH), as well as with published CO emission inventories and results of a historical run from a chemistry-transport model. We find that the reconstructed Greenland CO history cannot be reconciled with available emission inventories unless unrealistically large changes in OH are assumed. We argue that the available CO emission inventories strongly underestimate historical NH emissions, and fail to capture the emission decline starting in the late 1970s, which was most likely due to reduced emissions from road transportation in North America and Europe.

scholarly journals An internally consistent set of globally distributed atmospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratios developed using results from an intercomparison of measurements

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D15) ◽  
pp. 19285-19293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Novelli ◽  
V. S. Connors ◽  
H. G. Reichle ◽  
B. E. Anderson ◽  
C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Globally Distributed

scholarly journals A 60-yr record of atmospheric carbon monoxide reconstructed from Greenland firn air

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 18993-19037 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Petrenko ◽  
P. Martinerie ◽  
P. Novelli ◽  
D. M. Etheridge ◽  
I. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Co Emission

Abstract. We present a reconstruction of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitude atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) mole fraction from Greenland firn air. Firn air samples were collected at three deep ice core sites in Greenland (NGRIP in 2001, Summit in 2006 and NEEM in 2008). CO records from the three sites agree well with each other as well as with recent atmospheric measurements, indicating that CO is well preserved in the firn at these sites. CO atmospheric history was reconstructed back to the year 1950 from the measurements using a combination of two forward models of gas transport in firn and an inverse model. The reconstructed history suggests that Arctic CO was already higher in 1950 than it is today. CO mole fractions rose gradually until the 1970s and peaked in the 1970s or early 1980s, followed by a decline to today's levels. We compare the CO history with the atmospheric histories of methane, light hydrocarbons, molecular hydrogen, CO stable isotopes and hydroxyl radical (OH), as well as with published CO emission inventories and results of a historical run from a chemistry-transport model. We find that the reconstructed Greenland CO history cannot be reconciled with available emission inventories unless large changes in OH are assumed. We argue that the available CO emission inventories chronically underestimate NH emissions, and fail to capture the emission decline starting in the late 1970s, which was most likely due to reduced emissions from road transportation in North America and Europe.

Temporal patterns and source regions of atmospheric carbon monoxide at two background stations in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Shuangxi Fang ◽  
Miao Liang ◽  
Wanqi Sun ◽  
Zhaozhong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide
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