scholarly journals ENVIRO-HIRLAM: on-line coupled modelling of urban meteorology and air pollution

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baklanov ◽  
U. Korsholm ◽  
A. Mahura ◽  
C. Petersen ◽  
A. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Coupled Modelling ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux ◽  
On Line ◽  
Meteorology And Air Pollution

Abstract. The strategy of new generation integrated Meso-Meteorological (MetM) and Atmospheric Chemical Transport (ACT) models for predicting atmospheric composition, meteorology and climate change is discussed for the Enviro-HIRLAM (HIgh Resolution Limited Area Model) integrated system. Current progress in the Enviro-HIRLAM system development and its urban on-line coupled modelling applications is considered. Results of several sensitivity studies of the urban effects (urban albedo and roughness, anthropogenic heat flux, heat island, and urban aerosols) on meteorology and air pollution at different scales are presented. Several sensitivity tests of the off-line versus on-line coupling of MetM and ACT models in Enviro-HIRLAM as well as their verification versus the ETEX experiment are considered and results are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Urban Canopy Scheme TERRA_URB in the COSMO Model for Selected European Cities

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Garbero ◽  
Massimo Milelli ◽  
Edoardo Bucchignani ◽  
Paola Mercogliano ◽  
Mikhail Varentsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Climate Modelling ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Cosmo Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux ◽  
Urban Heat

The increase in built surfaces constitutes the main reason for the formation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), that is a metropolitan area significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas. The urban heat islands and other urban-induced climate feedbacks may amplify heat stress and urban flooding under climate change and therefore to predict them correctly has become essential. Currently in the COSMO model, cities are represented by natural land surfaces with an increased surface roughness length and a reduced vegetation cover, but this approach is unable to correctly reproduce the UHI effect. By increasing the model resolution, a representation of the main physical processes that characterize the urban local meteorology should be addressed, in order to better forecast temperature, moisture and precipitation in urban environments. Within the COSMO Consortium a bulk parameterization scheme (TERRA_URB or TU) has been developed. It parametrizes the effects of buildings, streets and other man-made impervious surfaces on energy, moist and momentum exchanges between the surface and atmosphere, and additionally accounts for the anthropogenic heat flux as a heat source from the surface to the atmosphere. TU implements an impervious water-storage parameterization, and the Semi-empirical Urban canopy parametrization (SURY) that translates 3D urban canopy into bulk parameters. This paper presents evaluation results of the TU scheme in high-resolution simulations with a recent COSMO model version for selected European cities, namely Turin, Naples and Moscow. The key conclusion of the work is that the TU scheme in the COSMO model reasonably reproduces UHI effect and improves air temperature forecasts for all the investigated urban areas, despite each city has very different morphological characteristics. Our results highlight potential benefits of a new turbulence scheme and the representation of skin-layer temperature (for vegetation) in the model performance. Our model framework provides perspectives for enhancing urban climate modelling, although further investigations in improving model parametrizations, calibration and the use of more realistic urban canopy parameters are needed.

scholarly journals METAMODEL FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY INTEGRATED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MODELING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2027-2036
Author(s):  
Aschot Kharatyan ◽  
Julian Tekaat ◽  
Sergej Japs ◽  
Harald Anacker ◽  
Roman Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
System Development ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Product Complexity ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
Architecture Modeling ◽  
Systemic Development

AbstractAs digitization progresses, the integration of information and communication technologies in technical systems is constantly increasing. Fascinating value potentials are emerging (e.g. autonomous driving), but also challenges in the system development. The constantly increasing product complexity and degree of networking require a systemic development, which is fulfilled by established approaches of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). To ensure the reliability of tomorrow's systems, an integrative and early consideration of security and safety is additionally required. In order to show the possibility and consequences of failures and attacks, the paper develops a modeling language that links established and partly isolated security and safety approaches within a consistent metamodel. The developer is enabled to synthesize system architectures transparently on an interdisciplinary level and to analyze attack and failure propagation integratively. The approach uncovers synergetic and especially contrasting goals and effects of architectural designs in terms of safety and security in order to make adequate architectural decisions based on trade-off analyses.

scholarly journals Clean air in the Anthropocene

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Clean Air

In atmospheric chemistry, interactions between air pollution, the biosphere and human health, often through reaction mixtures from both natural and anthropogenic sources, are of growing interest. Massive pollution emissions in the Anthropocene have transformed atmospheric composition to the extent that biogeochemical cycles, air quality and climate have changed globally and partly profoundly. It is estimated that mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution amounts to 4.33 million individuals per year, associated with 123 million years of life lost. Worldwide, air pollution is the major environmental risk factor to human health, and strict air quality standards have the potential to strongly reduce morbidity and mortality. Preserving clean air should be considered a human right, and is fundamental to many sustainable development goals of the United Nations, such as good health, climate action, sustainable cities, clean energy, and protecting life on land and in the water. It would be appropriate to adopt “clean air” as a sustainable development goal.

scholarly journals ONLINE COURSE REGISTRATION APPLICATION AT EDEN EVERYDAY ENGLISH BOGOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Dinda Ayu Muthia ◽  
Yetrivo Efendy
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Registration Form ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Registration Process ◽  
New Students

The course is one of the education provided outside formal (non-formal) schools to develop personal abilities and skills. Eden Everyday English Course Institute is an Institution located in Bogor. In this institution, the registration process for students is done manually by filling in the registration form provided by the admin. Eden Everyday English Course Institute is one of the courses where the number of applicants increases every year, this causes the administration department cannot manage everything properly and feels overwhelmed so that it is not effective. With the increase in the number of students registering each year, it would be better if a web-based registration system was created, so that it could simultaneously serve as a medium for promoting the course institution. The purpose of this research is to create a web-based application to help the process of registration for new students in Eden Everyday English Course Institute using the waterfall method. Many studies, especially in the field of information system development, use the Waterfall method. This online course registration application is effective and efficient because it is supported by an integrated system. This application improves the quality of information and the efficiency of the implementation of online course registration.

Development of Perforating System for Unique HPHT Injection Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenden Grove ◽  
Joseph MacGillivray ◽  
Jason Cook ◽  
Chris Hoelscher
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Test Configuration ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
And Performance

Abstract An operator was developing a High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) field in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Completion design for the injector wells was cased-and-perforated, with no mechanical sand control. This led to the requirement for a tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) system, featuring deep-penetrating (DP) charges which would meet specific performance requirements, in order to enable the wells to achieve injectivity targets. A perforating system was therefore developed and qualified to meet these requirements. This was an integrated system development, including both mechanical and explosive components, with simultaneous attention to performance, reliability, and quality assurance in the eventual field environment. The development program yielded a 4-3/4-inch carrier system, perforating charges, firing head, and gun hanger. All key components and systems were qualified in customer-witnessed testing, and demonstrated to meet or exceed operational function and performance requirements. The pressure and temperature rating of the newly-developed system is 30,000 psi at 425 °F. Explosive train function reliability was demonstrated at 380 °F for up to 28 days. The newly-developed perforating shaped charge was confirmed to exceed the stringent penetration depth and casing hole diameter performance requirements at downhole conditions. The firing head offers operational flexibility by being configurable for up to 15 pressure cycles prior to detonation, with an adjustable initiation threshold pressure to reduce risk to the completion string. The gun hanger was customized and demonstrated to exceed load requirements, and reliably set and release, in a test configuration featuring operator-provided field casing.

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