scholarly journals Modeling polar marine ecosystem functions guided by bacterial physiological and taxonomic traits

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Hyewon Heather Kim ◽  
Jeff S. Bowman ◽  
Ya-Wei Luo ◽  
Hugh W. Ducklow ◽  
Oscar M. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Carbon Demand ◽  
Particle Export

Abstract. Heterotrophic marine bacteria utilize organic carbon for growth and biomass synthesis. Thus, their physiological variability is key to the balance between the production and consumption of organic matter and ultimately particle export in the ocean. Here we investigate a potential link between bacterial traits and ecosystem functions in the rapidly warming West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region based on a bacteria-oriented ecosystem model. Using a data assimilation scheme, we utilize the observations of bacterial groups with different physiological traits to constrain the group-specific bacterial ecosystem functions in the model. We then examine the association of the modeled bacterial and other key ecosystem functions with eight recurrent modes representative of different bacterial taxonomic traits. Both taxonomic and physiological traits reflect the variability in bacterial carbon demand, net primary production, and particle sinking flux. Numerical experiments under perturbed climate conditions demonstrate a potential shift from low nucleic acid bacteria to high nucleic acid bacteria-dominated communities in the coastal WAP. Our study suggests that bacterial diversity via different taxonomic and physiological traits can guide the modeling of the polar marine ecosystem functions under climate change.

scholarly journals Microbial diversity-informed modelling of polar marine ecosystem functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Heather Kim ◽  
Jeff S. Bowman ◽  
Ya-Wei Luo ◽  
Hugh W. Ducklow ◽  
Oscar M. Schofield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Carbon Demand ◽  
Particle Export

Abstract. Heterotrophic marine bacteria utilize organic carbon for growth and biomass synthesis. Thus, their variability is key to the balance between the production and consumption of organic matter and ultimately particle export in the ocean. Here we investigate a potential link between bacterial traits and ecosystem functions in a rapidly changing polar marine ecosystem based on a bacteria-oriented ecosystem model. Using a data-assimilation scheme we utilize the observations of bacterial groups with different physiological states to constrain the group-specific bacterial ecosystem functions. We also investigate the association of the modelled bacterial and other ecosystem functions with eight recurrent modes representative of different bacterial taxonomic traits. High nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria show relatively high cell-specific bacterial production, respiration, and utilization of the semi-labile dissolved organic carbon pool compared to low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria. Both taxonomy and physiological states of the bacteria are strong predictors of bacterial carbon demand, net primary production, and particle export. Numerical experiments under perturbed climate conditions show overall increased bacterial activity and a potential shift from LNA- to HNA-dominated bacterial communities in a warming ocean. Microbial diversity via different taxonomic and physiological traits informs our ecosystem model, providing insights into key bacterial and ecosystem functions in a changing environment.

scholarly journals Skillful prediction of tropical Pacific fisheries provided by Atlantic Niños

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Gómara ◽  
Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca ◽  
Elsa Mohino ◽  
Teresa Losada ◽  
Irene Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Model ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

AbstractTropical Pacific upwelling-dependent ecosystems are the most productive and variable worldwide, mainly due to the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO can be forecasted seasons ahead thanks to assorted climate precursors (local-Pacific processes, pantropical interactions). However, owing to observational data scarcity and bias-related issues in earth system models, little is known about the importance of these precursors for marine ecosystem prediction. With recently released reanalysis-nudged global marine ecosystem simulations, these constraints can be sidestepped, allowing full examination of tropical Pacific ecosystem predictability. By complementing historical fishing records with marine ecosystem model data, we show herein that equatorial Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) constitute a superlative predictability source for tropical Pacific marine yields, which can be forecasted over large-scale areas up to 2 years in advance. A detailed physical-biological mechanism is proposed whereby Atlantic SSTs modulate upwelling of nutrient-rich waters in the tropical Pacific, leading to a bottom-up propagation of the climate-related signal across the marine food web. Our results represent historical and near-future climate conditions and provide a useful springboard for implementing a marine ecosystem prediction system in the tropical Pacific.

Skillful prediction of tropical Pacific fisheries provided by Atlantic Niños

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Gómara ◽  
Belén Rodríguez-Fonseca ◽  
Elsa Mohino ◽  
Teresa Losada ◽  
Irene Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Marine Food Web ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Model ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

<p>Tropical Pacific upwelling-dependent ecosystems are the most productive and variable worldwide, mainly due to the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO can be forecasted seasons ahead thanks to assorted climate precursors (local-Pacific processes, pantropical interactions). However, owing to observational data scarcity and bias-related issues in earth system models, little is known about the importance of these precursors for marine ecosystem prediction. With recently released reanalysis-nudged global marine ecosystem simulations, these constraints can be sidestepped, allowing full examination of tropical Pacific ecosystem predictability. By complementing historical fishing records with marine ecosystem model data, we show herein that equatorial Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) constitute a superlative predictability source for tropical Pacific marine yields, which can be forecasted over large-scale areas up to 2 years in advance. A detailed physical-biological mechanism is proposed whereby Atlantic SSTs modulate upwelling of nutrient-rich waters in the tropical Pacific, leading to a bottom-up propagation of the climate-related signal across the marine food web. Our results represent historical and near-future climate conditions and provide a useful springboard for implementing a marine ecosystem prediction system in the tropical Pacific.</p>

scholarly journals The assessment of a global marine ecosystem model on the basis of emergent properties and ecosystem function: a case study with ERSEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. de Mora ◽  
M. Butenschön ◽  
J. I. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Model ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. Ecosystem models are often assessed using quantitative metrics of absolute ecosystem state, but these model–data comparisons are disproportionately vulnerable to discrepancies in the location of important circulation features. An alternative method is to demonstrate the models capacity to represent ecosystem function; the emergence of a coherent natural relationship in a simulation indicates that the model may have an appropriate representation of the ecosystem functions that lead to the emergent relationship. Furthermore, as emergent properties are large-scale properties of the system, model validation with emergent properties is possible even when there is very little or no appropriate data for the region under study, or when the hydrodynamic component of the model differs significantly from that observed in nature at the same location and time.A selection of published meta-analyses are used to establish the validity of a complex marine ecosystem model and to demonstrate the power of validation with emergent properties. These relationships include the phytoplankton community structure, the ratio of carbon to chlorophyll in phytoplankton and particulate organic matter, the ratio of particulate organic carbon to particulate organic nitrogen and the stoichiometric balance of the ecosystem.These metrics can also inform aspects of the marine ecosystem model not available from traditional quantitative and qualitative methods. For instance, these emergent properties can be used to validate the design decisions of the model, such as the range of phytoplankton functional types and their behaviour, the stoichiometric flexibility with regards to each nutrient, and the choice of fixed or variable carbon to nitrogen ratios.

scholarly journals The role of ecosystem function and emergent relationships in the assessment of global marine ecosystem models: a case study with ERSEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 6095-6141
Author(s):  
L. de Mora ◽  
M. Butenschön ◽  
J. I. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Model ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. Ecosystem models are often assessed using quantitative metrics of absolute ecosystem state, but these model-data comparisons are disproportionately vulnerable to discrepancies in the location of important circulation features. An alternative method is to demonstrate the models capacity to represent ecosystem function; the emergence of a coherent natural relationship in a simulation is a strong indication that the model has a appropriate representation of the ecosystem functions that lead to the emergent relationship. Furthermore, as emergent properties are large scale properties of the system, model validation with emergent properties is possible even when there is very little or no appropriate data for the region under study, or when the hydrodynamic component of the model differs significantly from that observed in nature at the same location and time. A selection of published meta-analyses are used to establish the validity of a complex marine ecosystem model and to demonstrate the power of validation with emergent properties. These relationships include the phytoplankton community structure, the ratio of carbon to chlorophyll in phytoplankton and particulate organic matter, the ratio of particulate organic carbon to particulate organic nitrogen and the stoichiometric balance of the ecosystem. These metrics can also inform aspects of the marine ecosystem model not available from traditional quantitative and qualitative methods. For instance, these emergent properties can be used to validate the design decisions of the model, such as the range of phytoplankton functional types and their behaviour, the stoichiometric flexibility with regards to each nutrient, and the choice of fixed or variable carbon to nitrogen ratios.

Ecosystem modeling of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes for boreal forest sites

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Potter ◽  
Jill Bubier ◽  
Patrick Crill ◽  
Peter Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Water Levels

Predicted daily fluxes from an ecosystem model for water, carbon dioxide, and methane were compared with 1994 and 1996 Boreal Ecosystem–Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) field measurements at sites dominated by old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) (OBS) and boreal fen vegetation near Thompson, Man. Model settings for simulating daily changes in water table depth (WTD) for both sites were designed to match observed water levels, including predictions for two microtopographic positions (hollow and hummock) within the fen study area. Water run-on to the soil profile from neighboring microtopographic units was calibrated on the basis of daily snowmelt and rainfall inputs to reproduce BOREAS site measurements for timing and magnitude of maximum daily WTD for the growing season. Model predictions for daily evapotranspiration rates closely track measured fluxes for stand water loss in patterns consistent with strong controls over latent heat fluxes by soil temperature during nongrowing season months and by variability in relative humidity and air temperature during the growing season. Predicted annual net primary production (NPP) for the OBS site was 158 g C·m–2 during 1994 and 135 g C·m–2 during 1996, with contributions of 75% from overstory canopy production and 25% from ground cover production. Annual NPP for the wetter fen site was 250 g C·m–2 during 1994 and 270 g C·m–2 during 1996. Predicted seasonal patterns for soil CO2 fluxes and net ecosystem production of carbon both match daily average estimates at the two sites. Model results for methane flux, which also closely match average measured flux levels of –0.5 mg CH4·m–2·day–1 for OBS and 2.8 mg CH4·m–2·day–1 for fen sites, suggest that spruce areas are net annual sinks of about –0.12 g CH4·m–2, whereas fen areas generate net annual emissions on the order of 0.3–0.85 g CH4·m–2, depending mainly on seasonal WTD and microtopographic position. Fen hollow areas are predicted to emit almost three times more methane during a given year than fen hummock areas. The validated model is structured for extrapolation to regional simulations of interannual trace gas fluxes over the entire North America boreal forest, with integration of satellite data to characterize properties of the land surface.

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