Response of tropical terrestrial gross primary production to the super El Niño event in 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Zhu ◽  
Minghua Zhang ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zeng ◽  
Xiangming Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Climate Data

<p>The Gross Primary Production (GPP) in tropical terrestrial ecosystems plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. The strong 2015–2016 El Niño event offers a unique opportunity to investigate how GPP in the tropical terrestrial ecosystems responds to climatic forcing. This study uses two GPP products and concurrent climate data to investigate the GPP anomalies and their underlying causes. We find that both GPP products show an enhanced GPP in 2015 for the tropical terrestrial ecosystem as a whole relative to the multi-year mean of 2001–2015, and this enhancement is the net result of GPP increase in tropical forests and decrease in non-forests. We show that the increased GPP in tropical forests during the El Nino event is consistent with increased photosynthesis active radiation as a result of a reduction in clouds, while the decreased GPP in non-forests is consistent with increased water stress as a result of a reduction of precipitation and an increase of temperature. These results reveal the strong coupling of ecosystem and climate that is different in forest and non-forest ecosystems, and provide a test case for carbon cycle parameterization and carbon-climate feedback simulation in models.</p>

The Carbon Cycle

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-158
Author(s):  
Han Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Natural Carbon

The chapter first shows carbon dioxide variability over long geological timescales. The current stocks and fluxes of carbon are then given, for the whole planet and for the atmosphere, ocean and land separately. The main flows of carbon in the ocean, through the biological pump (via uptake through photosynthesis) and the physical pump (via involving chemical transformation uptake in water and production of carbonate), and on land, through photosynthesis (Gross Primary Production) and respiration leading to Net Primary Production, Net Ecosystem Production and Net Biome Production and through the storage of carbon in biomass, are described. Next, carbon interactions during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum and glacial–interglacial transitions, thought to involve changes in ocean circulation and upwelling, are examined. The key changes from anthropogenic perturbation of the natural carbon cycle are shown to be due to fossil fuel burning and land-use change (deforestation). The effects of the carbon–climate feedback on temperature and carbon stocks are also shown.

scholarly journals Reduction of Global Plant Production due to Droughts from 2001 to 2010: An Analysis with a Process-Based Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liao ◽  
Qianlai Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Drought Impact ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model

Abstract Droughts dramatically affect plant production of global terrestrial ecosystems. To date, quantification of this impact remains a challenge because of the complex plant physiological and biochemical processes associated with drought. Here, this study incorporates a drought index into an existing process-based terrestrial ecosystem model to estimate the drought impact on global plant production for the period 2001–10. Global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) gross primary production (GPP) data products are used to constrain model parameters and verify the model algorithms. The verified model is then applied to evaluate the drought impact. The study indicates that droughts will reduce GPP by 9.8 g C m−2 month−1 during the study period. On average, drought reduces GPP by 10% globally. As a result, the global GPP decreased from 106.4 to 95.9 Pg C yr−1 while the global net primary production (NPP) decreased from 54.9 to 49.9 Pg C yr−1. This study revises the estimation of the global NPP and suggests that the future quantification of the global carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems should take the drought impact into account.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon turnover time on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 5441-5454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaner Yan ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Lifeng Jiang ◽  
Yiqi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Key Factor

Abstract. Carbon (C) turnover time is a key factor in determining C storage capacity in various plant and soil pools as well as terrestrial C sink in a changing climate. However, the effects of C turnover time on ecosystem C storage have not been well explored. In this study, we compared mean C turnover times (MTTs) of ecosystem and soil, examined their variability to climate, and then quantified the spatial variation in ecosystem C storage over time from changes in C turnover time and/or net primary production (NPP). Our results showed that mean ecosystem MTT based on gross primary production (GPP; MTTEC_GPP =  Cpool/GPP, 25.0 ± 2.7 years) was shorter than soil MTT (MTTsoil =  Csoil/NPP, 35.5 ± 1.2 years) and NPP-based ecosystem MTT (MTTEC_NPP =  Cpool/NPP, 50.8 ± 3 years; Cpool and Csoil referred to ecosystem or soil C storage, respectively). On the biome scale, temperature is the best predictor for MTTEC (R2 =  0.77, p < 0.001) and MTTsoil (R2 =  0.68, p < 0.001), while the inclusion of precipitation in the model did not improve the performance of MTTEC (R2 =  0.76, p < 0.001). Ecosystem MTT decreased by approximately 4 years from 1901 to 2011 when only temperature was considered, resulting in a large C release from terrestrial ecosystems. The resultant terrestrial C release caused by the decrease in MTT only accounted for about 13.5 % of that due to the change in NPP uptake (159.3 ± 1.45 vs. 1215.4 ± 11.0 Pg C). However, the larger uncertainties in the spatial variation of MTT than temporal changes could lead to a greater impact on ecosystem C storage, which deserves further study in the future.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 5287-5313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Loranty ◽  
Benjamin W. Abbott ◽  
Daan Blok ◽  
Thomas A. Douglas ◽  
Howard E. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Northern High Latitude

Abstract. Soils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the timing and magnitude of the permafrost–climate feedback stems from complex interactions between ecosystem properties and soil thermal dynamics. Terrestrial ecosystems fundamentally regulate the response of permafrost to climate change by influencing surface energy partitioning and the thermal properties of soil itself. Here we review how Arctic and boreal ecosystem processes influence thermal dynamics in permafrost soil and how these linkages may evolve in response to climate change. While many of the ecosystem characteristics and processes affecting soil thermal dynamics have been examined individually (e.g., vegetation, soil moisture, and soil structure), interactions among these processes are less understood. Changes in ecosystem type and vegetation characteristics will alter spatial patterns of interactions between climate and permafrost. In addition to shrub expansion, other vegetation responses to changes in climate and rapidly changing disturbance regimes will affect ecosystem surface energy partitioning in ways that are important for permafrost. Lastly, changes in vegetation and ecosystem distribution will lead to regional and global biophysical and biogeochemical climate feedbacks that may compound or offset local impacts on permafrost soils. Consequently, accurate prediction of the permafrost carbon climate feedback will require detailed understanding of changes in terrestrial ecosystem distribution and function, which depend on the net effects of multiple feedback processes operating across scales in space and time.

Changes in root zone storage capacity and their effects on river discharge and gross primary production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Nóbrega ◽  
David Sandoval ◽  
Colin Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Stress Functions

&lt;p&gt;Root zone storage capacity (R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;) is a parameter widely used in terrestrial ecosystem models that estimate the amount of soil moisture available for transpiration. However, R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt; is subject to large uncertainty, due to the lack of data on the distribution of soil properties and the depth of plant roots that actively take up water. Our study makes use of a mass-balance approach to investigate R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt; in different ecosystems, and changes in water fluxes caused by land-cover change. The method needs no land-cover or soil information, and uses precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) time series to estimate the seasonal water deficit. To account for some of the uncertainty in ET, we use different methods for ET estimation, including methods based on satellite estimates, and modelling approaches that back-calculate ET from other ecosystem fluxes. We show that reduced ET due to land-cover change reduces R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;, which in turn increases baseflow in regions with a strong rainfall seasonality. This finding allows us to analyse the trade-off between gross primary production and hydrological fluxes at river basin scales. We also consider some ideas on how to use mass-balance R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt; in water-stress functions as incorporated in existing terrestrial ecosystem models.&lt;/p&gt;

Modeling gross primary production of a temperate grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China, using MODIS imagery and climate data

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
WeiXing Wu ◽  
ShaoQiang Wang ◽  
XiangMing Xiao ◽  
GuiRui Yu ◽  
YuLing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Modis Imagery

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of MODIS EVI to estimate terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production of multiple land cover types

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Shi ◽  
Longhui Li ◽  
Derek Eamus ◽  
Alfredo Huete ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Modis Evi

scholarly journals Extreme events in gross primary production: a characterization across continents

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1869-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zscheischler ◽  
M. D. Mahecha ◽  
S. Harmeling ◽  
A. Rammig ◽  
E. Tomelleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Data Sets

Abstract. Climate extremes can affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, for instance via a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity or alterations of respiratory processes. Yet the dominant regional and seasonal effects of hydrometeorological extremes are still not well documented. Here we quantify and characterize the role of large spatiotemporal extreme events in gross primary production (GPP) as triggers of continental anomalies. We also investigate seasonal dynamics of extreme impacts on continental GPP anomalies. We find that the 50 largest positive (increase in uptake) and negative extremes (decrease in uptake) on each continent can explain most of the continental variation in GPP, which is in line with previous results obtained at the global scale. We show that negative extremes are larger than positive ones and demonstrate that this asymmetry is particularly strong in South America and Europe. Most extremes in GPP start in early summer. Our analysis indicates that the overall impacts and the spatial extents of GPP extremes are power law distributed with exponents that vary little across continents. Moreover, we show that on all continents and for all data sets the spatial extents play a more important role than durations or maximal GPP anomaly when it comes to the overall impact of GPP extremes. An analysis of possible causes implies that across continents most extremes in GPP can best be explained by water scarcity rather than by extreme temperatures. However, for Europe, South America and Oceania we identify also fire as an important driver. Our findings are consistent with remote sensing products. An independent validation against a literature survey on specific extreme events supports our results to a large extent.

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