scholarly journals A review of worldwide sediment core dating research including fallout radiocaesium (137Cs)  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Foucher ◽  
Pierre Sabatier ◽  
Pierre-Alexis Chaboche ◽  
Olivier Evrard
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Chernobyl Fallout ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Nuclear Tests

<p>Dating recent sediment archives (<150 years) constitutes are need for environmental and climatic reconstructions. Radiocaesium (<sup>137</sup>Cs) emitted during thermonuclear bombs testing (~1950 - ~1980) and nuclear accidents (1986 and 2011) was generally used for identifying sediment sources or for establishing sediment core chronology based on discrete time markers. Although this method was widely used during the last several decades, there is a lack of structured and comprehensive worldwide synthesis of radiocaesium fallouts. The current literature overview was based on 573 articles published between 1977 and 2020, reporting the collection of 1351 individual dated sediment cores. This synthesis led to the identification of the worldwide distribution of discrete time markers associated with the thermonuclear bomb testing peak in 1963, the Chernobyl fallout, the Fukushima fallout, as well as the identification of at least 25 events induced by local accidents or nuclear tests (e.g. Sellafield, la Hague accidents, Chinese nuclear tests).</p><p>With a growing number of studies focusing on the analysis of recent sediment cores and the increasing interest in sediment fingerprinting techniques, this spatialized synthesis provides a unique worldwide referential for identifying the distribution of the <sup>137</sup>Cs sources at global scale. It also outlines the main questions that would deserve attention in future research perspectives and the regions where <sup>137</sup>Cs fallouts investigations should be conducted in priority.</p>

scholarly journals A worldwide meta-analysis (1977–2020) of sediment core dating using fallout radionuclides including <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<sub>xs</sub>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Foucher ◽  
Pierre- Alexis Chaboche ◽  
Pierre Sabatier ◽  
Olivier Evrard
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Fallout Radionuclides ◽  
137Cs Fallout ◽  
Fallout Radionuclide

Abstract. Dating recent sediment archives (< 150 years) constitutes a prerequisite for environmental and climatic reconstructions. Radiocaesium (137Cs) emitted during thermonuclear bomb testing (~1950 ̶ 1980) and nuclear accidents, as well as the decrease of excess lead-210 (210Pbxs) with depth are often combined to establish sediment core chronology. Although these methods have been widely used during the last several decades, there is a lack of structured and comprehensive worldwide synthesis of fallout radionuclide analyses used for dating sediment cores in environmental and Earth sciences. The current literature overview was based on the compilation of 573 articles published between 1977 and 2020, reporting the collection of 1351 individual dating sediment cores (the dataset can be accessed at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.931493). This review was conducted in order to map the locations where 137Cs fallout events were detected. These included the thermonuclear bomb testing peak in 1963, the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Fukushima accident in 2011, and 24 additional events identified in 112 sites that led to local radioactive releases (e.g. Sellafield accidents, Chinese nuclear tests). When 210Pbxs records were used along with 137Cs data, detailed information on the 210Pbxs age depth models were also synthesized. Multiple information including the core collection method, sediment properties, radionuclide analysis techniques and catchment characteristics were also compiled. With the current growing number of studies analyzing sediment cores and the increasing interest in the deployment of sediment fingerprinting techniques including radionuclides as potential discriminant properties, this spatialized synthesis provides a unique worldwide compilation for characterizing fallout radionuclide sources and levels at the global scale. This synthesis provides in particular a referential of 137Cs peak attribution for improving the sediment core dating and it outlines the main questions that deserve attention in future research as well as the regions where additional 137Cs fallout investigations should be conducted in priority.

scholarly journals A worldwide meta-analysis (1977–2020) of sediment core dating using fallout radionuclides including <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<sub>xs</sub>

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 4951-4966
Author(s):  
Anthony Foucher ◽  
Pierre-Alexis Chaboche ◽  
Pierre Sabatier ◽  
Olivier Evrard
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Fallout Radionuclides ◽  
137Cs Fallout ◽  
Fallout Radionuclide

Abstract. Dating recent sediment archives (< 150 years) constitutes a prerequisite for environmental and climatic reconstructions. Radiocaesium (137Cs) emitted during thermonuclear bomb testing (∼ 1950–1980) and nuclear accidents and the decrease in excess lead-210 (210Pbxs) with depth are often combined to establish sediment core chronology. Although these methods have been widely used during the last several decades, there is a lack of structured and comprehensive worldwide synthesis of fallout radionuclide analyses used for dating sediment cores in environmental and Earth sciences. The current literature overview was based on the compilation of 573 articles published between 1977 and 2020, reporting the collection of 1351 individual dating sediment cores (the dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.931493; Foucher et al., 2021). This review was conducted in order to map the locations where 137Cs fallout events were detected. These included the thermonuclear bomb testing peak in 1963, the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the Fukushima accident in 2011, and 24 additional events identified at 112 sites that led to local or regional radioactive releases (e.g., Sellafield accidents, Chinese nuclear tests). When 210Pbxs records were used along with 137Cs data, detailed information on the 210Pbxs age–depth models were also synthesized. With the current growing number of studies analyzing sediment cores and the increasing interest in the deployment of sediment fingerprinting techniques including radionuclides as potential discriminant properties, this spatialized synthesis provides a unique worldwide compilation for characterizing fallout radionuclide sources and levels at the global scale. This synthesis provides in particular a reference of 137Cs peak attribution for improving the sediment core dating, and it outlines the main questions that deserve attention in future research as well as the regions where additional 137Cs fallout investigations should be conducted in priority.

Technological entrepreneurship: present conditions and future perspectives for Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Yáñez-Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Technological Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Technological entrepreneurship is distinguished from other types of initiatives by its innovative characteristics and rapid growth, as well as by the high uncertainty it faces, both in terms of investment cost and capacity for continuous adaptation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the definitions, measures and methods that have been used to investigate the phenomenon and to define the process of the “entrepreneurial journey” and the associated typologies according to the technological level. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a systematic review of the literature on technological entrepreneurship focusing on emerging economies in Latin America. Based on the review of 62 papers, it analyses the current state and future research perspectives on the topic. Findings The authors can conclude that technological entrepreneurship in Latin America has great opportunities, especially linked to growth, but faces the threats of an uncertain and dynamic environment. Taking advantage of technologies allows the formulation of unique value propositions linked to the environment through innovation that improves the quality of life of the population. Research limitations/implications This study is a starting point for the development of research on resilient technology ventures. Latin America represents a limited location but offers insight into the developing phenomenon to measure the impacts that this phenomenon generates in society. Originality/value Considering the possibilities offered by technology and its continuous evolution, the impact that this type of entrepreneurship generates on the environment can be on a global scale. However, high growth and success are as likely as a failure and this is part of the improvement process.

scholarly journals Nano-Scale Plastic Pollution in the Marine Species: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Chung-Sum Lam
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Adverse Impacts

The long-term properties of plastic have been causing persistent marine pollution for decades. The adverse impacts have been found in marine organisms worldwide. Currently, their degraded products-microplastics and nanoplastics-represent emerging plastic issues. Microplastic pollution has drawn attentions in many research fields and the general public. Many types of literature have documented their adverse impacts, distribution, and origins. Hence, many review studies have been conducted on microplastics rather than nanoplastics. Therefore, this review is focused on nanoplastic contamination in marine ecosystems, their origins, distributions, fate, and impacts on marine organisms. This review paper provides an overall picture of nanoplastic pollution on a global scale. The impacts of nanoplastic on marine organisms gene expression at the cellular and tissue levels are evaluated. Moreover, the adverse effects of nanoplastics on the embryonic stages, growth, and mortality of marine species are also discussed. The present review also gathers information to generate future research perspectives, and aims to highlight the need for researching on nanoplastics in the aquatic environment while providing critical perspectives for setting future research objectives.

Distribution of Mercury in Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River Sediments

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Mudroch ◽  
K. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Sediment cores were collected in Lake St. Clair in 1985 and in the St. Clair River in 1986 to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution and association of Hg in the sediments. A layer of recent sediment up to about 35 cm thick was differentiated by the geochemical composition and visual appearance from the underlying glacial-lacustrine deposits. The concentration of Hg in the surficial sediments in Lake St. Clair was lower in 1985 (&lt;0.025 to 1.200 µg/g) than that found in 1974 (&lt;0.20 to 3.00 µg/g). Up to 8.30 µg/g of Hg were found in the sediments collected from the nearshore area at Sarnia, Ontario, in the St. Clair River in 1986. The concentrations of Hg ranged from 5.05 to 16.00 µg/g in different sand-sized fractions (0.063 to 0.350 mm) of the sediment. The concentration of Hg was 17.80 µg/g in the silt-clay size fraction (&lt;0.063 mm). No relationship was found between the concentration of organic matter and Hg, and the concentration of silica and Hg in the St. Clair River sediments. The results indicated a relationship of Hg with particles of different mineralogical composition. Up to 3.72 µg/g Hg was found in the surface sediment in Chenal Ecarte. The greatest concentration of Hg (13.15 µg/g) existed in the 0.350 mm particle size fraction, which consisted mainly of small pieces of decaying wood. A good relationship was found between the concentration of Hg and organic matter in the sediment at this area.

Decision support tools for oil spill response (OSR-DSTs): Approaches, challenges, and future research perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 112313
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Yang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Edward Owens ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Support Tools ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Oil Spill Response

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of New Cases of Human Dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens) in Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Valentina Mangano ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Alessandra Oliva ◽  
Serena Vita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Human Dirofilariosis ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Etiological Agents

(1) Dirofilariosis is a vector-borne parasitic disease mainly in domestic and wild carnivores caused by Dirofilaria (Noctiella) repens, which is endemic in many countries of the Old World, and D. immitis, which has a worldwide distribution. In recent years, an increase in the number of human cases has been reported, suggesting that dirofilariosis is an emergent zoonosis. Here, we describe further cases (N = 8), observed in Central Italy during the years 2018–2019. (2) Molecular diagnosis was performed on: (i) live worms extracted from ocular conjunctiva, cheek, and calf muscle; (ii) histological sections of surgically removed nodules from parenchymal lung, coccyx, and breast. (3) Sequence analysis (650-bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (mtDNA cox1) showed a match of 100% with the sequences of D. repens previously deposited in GenBank. ELISA test to detect IgG against filarial antigens was performed on four patients’ sera and resulted positive in two patients who showed ocular and subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively. Microfilariae have been never detected in the peripheral blood of the patients. (4) The occurrence of N = 8 new cases of human D. repens-infections observed in a two-year period suggests an increased circulation of the parasite in Italy. Therefore, dirofilariosis should be included in differential diagnosis in patients presenting subcutaneous and/or pulmonary nodules. Molecular diagnosis of the etiological agents is fundamental. Specific serological diagnosis needs to be improved in future research work.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanotechnology with Nano-Phytochemicals: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications in Cancer Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3571
Author(s):  
Bonglee Kim ◽  
Ji-Eon Park ◽  
Eunji Im ◽  
Yongmin Cho ◽  
Jinjoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Rapid Clearance

Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) containing polymers, lipids (liposomes and micelles), dendrimers, ferritin, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ceramic, magnetic materials, and gold/silver have contributed to imaging diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy. However, only some NP drugs, including Doxil® (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin), Abraxane® (albumin-bound paclitaxel), and Oncaspar® (PEG-Asparaginase), have emerged on the pharmaceutical market to date. By contrast, several phytochemicals that were found to be effective in cultured cancer cells and animal studies have not shown significant efficacy in humans due to poor bioavailability and absorption, rapid clearance, resistance, and toxicity. Research to overcome these drawbacks by using phytochemical NPs remains in the early stages of clinical translation. Thus, in the current review, we discuss the progress in nanotechnology, research milestones, the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals encapsulated in NPs, and clinical implications. Several challenges that must be overcome and future research perspectives are also described.

scholarly journals Update on Giardia: Highlights from the seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. Buret ◽  
Simone M. Cacciò ◽  
Loïc Favennec ◽  
Staffan Svärd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
New Findings

Although Giardia duodenalis is recognized as one of the leading causes of parasitic human diarrhea in the world, knowledge of the mechanisms of infection is limited, as the pathophysiological consequences of infection remain incompletely elucidated. Similarly, the reason for and consequences of the very specific genome-organization in this parasite with 2 active nuclei is only partially known. Consistent with its tradition, the 7th International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference (IGCC 2019) was held from June 23 to 26, 2019, at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Rouen-Normandie, France, to discuss current research perspectives in the field. This renowned event brought together an international delegation of researchers to present and debate recent advances and identify the main research themes and knowledge gaps. The program for this interdisciplinary conference included all aspects of host-parasite relationships, from basic research to applications in human and veterinary medicine, as well as the environmental issues raised by water-borne parasites and their epidemiological consequences. With regard to Giardia and giardiasis, the main areas of research for which new findings and the most impressive communications were presented and discussed included: parasite ecology and epidemiology of giardiasis, Giardia-host interactions, and cell biology of Giardia, genomes and genomic evolution. The high-quality presentations discussed at the Conference noted breakthroughs and identified new opportunities that will inspire researchers and funding agencies to stimulate future research in a “one health” approach to improve basic knowledge and clinical and public health management of zoonotic giardiasis.

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