Analysis of potential seismic sources of tsunamis in the Black Sea region, using data from various catalogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Oynakov ◽  
Liliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lyubka Pashova ◽  
Dragomir Dragomirov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Using Data

<p>Low-laying territories along the Black Sea coastal line are more vulnerable to the possible high (long) waves due to tsunami events caused by strong earthquakes in the active seismic regions. Historically, such events are rare in the Black Sea region, despite some scientific evidence of tsunamis and their recordings through continuous sea-level observations with tide gauges built in certain places along the coast. This study analyses seismic data derived from different international earthquake catalogues - NEIC, ISC, EMSC, IDC and Bulgarian national catalogue (1981 - 2019). A catalogue of earthquakes within the period covering the historical to the contemporary seismicity with magnitudes M ≥ 3 is compiled. The data are processed applying the software package ZMAP, developed by Stefan Wiemer (http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/en/research-and-teaching/products-software/software/ZMAP/index.html). The catalogues' completeness is calculated to assess the reliability of the historical data needed to assess the risk of rare tsunami events. The prevailing part of the earthquakes' epicentres are in the seismically active regions of Shabla, the Crimean peninsula, the east and southeast coast of the Black Sea forming six main clusters, which confirmed previous studies in the region. In these areas, several active and potentially active faults, which can generate tsunamigenic seismic events, are recognized.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong>The authors would like to thank the Bulgarian National Science Fund for co-funding the research under the Contract КП-СЕ-КОСТ/8, 25.09.2020, which is carried out within framework of COST Action 18109 “Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis” (AGITHAR; https://www.agithar.uni-hamburg.de/).</p>

scholarly journals Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy in the Black Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the achievements, prospects and issues of Ukrainian cultural diplomacy in the Black Sea region. It outlines different levels of cultural cooperation in the region, in which the goals of Ukraine's cultural diplomacy can be realized: cooperation within UNESCO, cooperation within the Eastern European Partnership, cooperation within the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), cooperation within bilateral cultural contacts. It is emphasized that all formats of cultural interaction complement each other and can have a synergistic effect. It is noted that Ukraine is one of the few countries that has participated in the ICDS testing, and together with Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan can set a precedent for the regional application of this methodology by UNESCO. Ukrainian cultural diplomacy in the Black Sea region is also considered in connection with the state’s European integration obligations under the "Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU". Summarizing the level of activity in the field of cultural diplomacy in the region, it is noted that Ukraine is not fully aware of the importance of cultural diplomacy tools for resolving the conflict situation related to the occupation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation. Examining the content of the "Strategy of Public Policy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine 2021-2025", a recommendation was made to supplement the list of target regions for cultural diplomacy of Ukraine with the Black Sea region as an integral socio-cultural object.

RUSSIAN ANTI-ACCESS POTENTIAL (A2 / AD) ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 0-1
Author(s):  
Patryk Reśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences of Small Bay-Bars of the North-Eastern Part of the Black Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Krylenko ◽  
Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽  
R. D. Kosyan ◽  
M. V. Krylenko ◽  
L. V. Kharitonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Natural Objects

The accumulative coastal forms of the Azov-Black Sea region are a valuable recreational resource experiencing an increasing anthropogenic impact. The paper analizes the current state of two similar natural objects: small bay-bars of the Lake Bogaily (Crimean Peninsula) and the Lake Solenoe (Taman Peninsula). The materials of long-term monitoring observations were used (echo-sounding measurements, geodetic and aerial photography, air laser scanning, particle size analysis of sediments, etc.). The data of satellite imagery, materials of mathematical modeling of hydrological and lithodynamics processes, literary and archival sources were used. Both common and regional features of the development and structure of accumulative forms have been identified. The common features include similar transverse surface profiles (excluding anthropogenic transformation) and a set of natural factors. The most important differences are the genesis and composition of the bedrocks and accumulative deposits. These parameters determine the current sediment budget, configuration of the beach and underwater slope, and the relief dynamics. Displacement of accumulative bodies toward the lagoons is observed, the rate of this displacement depends on retreat of the adjacent bedrock coasts. The morphological and dynamical features of these bay-bars have not changed fundamentally over the past decades. The bay-bar of the Lake Solenoe has undergone a greater technogenic transformation in comparison with the bay-bar of the Lake Bogaily. However, the self-healing processes confirming that the geosystem has not been brought out of the dynamic equilibrium are clearly in evidence. It is concluded that the considered natural objects do not require construction of coast protection structures.

scholarly journals KHARKIV AGREEMENTS OF 2010: VISIONS OF POLITICAL, MEDIA AND EXPERT CIRCLES IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
Pavlo ARTYMYSHYN
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Political Media ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The main visions of the political, media, and expert circles in Ukraine concerning the conclusion of the Kharkiv Agreements in 2010 – the pact between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the stay of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation Navy on the territory of Ukraine are determined. It is alleged that circles close to the President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, saw them as a sign of the beginning of an era of intense Ukrainian-Russian relations, including the issue of cheaper gas, which would help to overcome the crisis in the economy and provide a lower price for gas for both industrial and household consumers. Instead, the agreements in the opposition were seen as a betrayal of Ukrainian national interests, the creation in the Black Sea region of a destabilizing center in the form of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy, and the beginning of Ukraine’s integration into the Russian geopolitical space. At the same time, the Ukrainian side was unable to persuade the Russian to sign new gas agreements to revise the price of «blue fuel» in essence, rather than through a discount system. Opposition criticism was also not effective under these circumstances: although the topic of prolongation of the Russian Navy’s Black Sea Fleet base in Sevastopol became one of the tenets of their anti-government rhetoric, however, the unification of the opposition had not yet grown into an institutionalized movement, acquiring such features only on the eve of the parliamentary elections in 2012. Instead, the Russian side took full advantage of the Ukrainian concessions of 2010. It is the preservation of the Black Sea Fleet on the Crimean Peninsula that allowed the Russians to prepare the ground for its annexation and for the nourishment of the Russian chauvinist ideology about Sevastopol as a «Russian city». Keywords: Kharkiv Agreements of 2010, politicum, mass media, expert environment, visions, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation Navy, gas, Ukraine, Russian Federation.

scholarly journals CRIMEAN-BLACK SEA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
B. Pustovitenko ◽  
V. Svidlova ◽  
M. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Basin Region

In 2014, the seismic monitoring of the Crimean Black Sea region was carried out by eight digital seismic stations located on the Crimean peninsula. For the entire territory of the region, earthquakes with Kmin=9 are representative. In 2014, 119 local earthquakes of КП energy classes in the range of 4.3÷11.2 were recorded, most of them have energy classes less than the representative energy level. The total number of earthquakes that occurred in 2014 is almost twice as large, and the total released seismic energy is 4.4 times less than the average values of ΣE for the period 2004–2013. The strongest earthquake of the year with КП=11.2, Mw=4.12 occurred on March 2 at 03h34m with depth of 28 km in the focal zone of the destructive Crimean earthquake of September 11, 1927, in the Yalta region. It was felt on the southern coast of Crimea with the intensity of I=2–3. The focal mechanism of both earthquakes (09/11/1927 and 03/02/2014) is similar: faults-shear with a predominance of the discharge slip. The main shock was preceded by six forshocks with a КП=6.5–8.0 and a depth of h=18–27 km. The energy level between the main shock and the strongest foreshock was 3 orders of magnitude (ΔКП=3.2), and between the strongest aftershock – about one and a half orders of magnitude (ΔКП aft=1.5). The activation of the central zone, including at the expense of aftershocks of the earthquake on March 2, was traced until the end of the year. At the same time, seismic energy was released unevenly: separately and in groups with some migration of foci and varying depth. In the focus of the earthquake on October 18 with a КП=10.1, Mw=3.8 (of the Black Sea Basin region), a strike-slip occurred under the action of sublatitudinal compression and submeridional extension. The time course for the last 10 years of release of the total energy of earthquakes proportional to the removed elastic deformation (Benioff graphs) is considered. Two relatively «calm» stages of deformation are noted: 2004–2007, at the speed of V1=4.45•107 Joules/year and 2009–2012 – V2=5.1‧107 Joules/year. Each of these stages ended with an increased discharge of accumulated deformations. It is concluded that the seismic situation in the region remains potentially dangerous for the next 2–3 years.

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

Georgian Historians and the Ideological Confrontation Between East and West

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
George Gotsiridze
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
East And West

The work, on the one hand, highlights the mission of Europe, as an importer of knowledge, which has for centuries been the center of gravity for the whole world, and, on the other hand, the role of the Black Sea Region, as an important part of the Great Silk Road, which had also for a long time been promoting the process of rap-prochement and exchange of cultural values between East and West peoples, until it became the ‘inner lake’ of the Ottoman Empire, and today it reverts the function of rapproching and connecting civilizations. The article shows the importance of the Black Sea countries in maintaining overall European stability and in this context the role of historical science. On the backdrop of the ideological confrontation between Georgian historians being inside and outside the Iron Curtain, which began with the foundation of the Soviet Union, the research sheds light on the merit of the Georgian scholars-in-exile for both popularization of the Georgian culture and science in Eu-rope and for importing advanced (European) scientific knowledge to Georgia. Ex-change of knowledge in science and culture between the Black Sea region and Europe will enrich and complete each other through impact and each of them will have unique, inimitative features.

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