scholarly journals Aboriginal peoples and the environmental movement in Canada : conflict or cooperation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
M. Jäggi
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Aboriginal Title ◽  
Wilderness Society

Abstract. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, am Beispiel der Red-Squirrel-Straßenblockade in Temagami, Ontario, die vermeintliche Allianz aufzuschlüsseln, die Umweltschutzgruppen und Indianer (First Nations) zum Schutz kanadischer Urwälder eingehen. Kanada gehört weltweit zu den Hauptexporteuren von Holzrohstoffen. Die Forstwirtschaft ist an der Ausbeutung des knappen Weichholzes (softwood) und der Erschließung neuer Waldgebiete ineterssiert. Für Umweltschutzgruppen steht der Schutz von noch ungenutzten Wäldern (old-growth-forests) im Vordergrund, wenn sie angesichts des fortschreitenden Kahlschlages (clear-cut) eine Forststraße blockieren. First Nations dagegen haben umfassendere Ziele als Umweltschutzgruppen, wenn sie auf derselben Straße eine Blockade errichten: Oft findet die Ausbeutung der Wälder auf Gebieten statt, die derzeitigen indiaschen Landrechtsforderungen (land claims) unterstehen. Landrechtsforderungen gehen auf die Landrechtsverträge (treaties) zurück, welche First Nations mit der Regierung im letzten Jahrhundert abgeschlossen haben. Heute sind Landrechtsforderungen mit Rückforderungen von Landtitel und (aboriginal title) und Ressourcen verbunden, mit dem Wunsch nach ökonomischer Unabhängigkeit und Selbstverwaltung indianischer Reservate (self government) und mit der Anerkennung der Indianer als eigenständige Nation (distinct society). Intakte Wälder sind sowohl Vorraussetzung als auch ein Beitrag zur Erlangung ökonomischer Unabhängigkeit. Am Beispiel der Red-Squirrel-Straßenblockade in Temagami werden Gegensätze zwischen First Nations und Umweltschutzgruppen deutlich. Die Wälder in Temagami sind schutzwürdig, zugleich auch wertvoller Rohstoff für die Wirtschaft, stehen aber auf Land, das zur Zeit der Blockade indianischen Landrechtsforderungen unterstand. Die Positionen der Terme Augama Anishnabai First Nations (TAA) und der Temagami Wilderness Society (TWS) während der Red-Squirrel-Straßenblockade zeigen die Schwierigkeit beider Parteien, eine gemeinsame Sprache zu finden, die den Schutz bestehender Wälder gewährleisten könnte.

scholarly journals Bryophyte Conservation in Managed Boreal Landscapes: Fourteen-Year Impacts of Partial Cuts on Epixylic Bryophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Opoku-Nyame ◽  
Alain Leduc ◽  
Nicole J. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Over Time

Clear cut harvest simplifies and eliminates old growth forest structure, negatively impacting biodiversity. Partial cut harvest has been hypothesized (1) to have less impact on biodiversity than clear cut harvest, and (2) to encourage old growth forest structures. Long-term studies are required to test this hypothesis as most studies are conducted soon after harvest. Using epixylic bryophytes as indicators, this study addresses this knowledge gap. Fourteen years after harvest, we examined changes in epixylic bryophyte community composition richness and traits, and their microhabitats (coarse woody debris characteristics and microclimate) along an unharvested, partial cuts and clear cuts harvest treatment in 30 permanent plots established in the boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forests of northwestern Quebec, Canada. Our results were compared to those of an initial post-harvest study (year 5) and to a chronosequence of old growth forests to examine species changes over time and the similarity of bryophyte communities in partial cut and old growth forests. Coarse woody debris (CWD) volume by decay class varied among harvest treatments with partial cuts and clear cuts recording lower volumes of early decay CWD. The epixylic community was richer in partial cuts than in mature unharvested forests and clear cuts. In addition, species richness and overall abundance doubled in partial and clear cuts between years 5 and 14. Species composition also differed among treatments between years 5 and 14. Furthermore, conditions in partial cut stands supported small, drought sensitive, and old growth confined species that are threatened by conditions in clear cut stands. Lastly, over time, species composition in partial cuts became more similar to old growth forests. Partial cuts reduced harvest impacts by continuing to provide favorable microhabitat conditions that support epixylic bryophytes. Also, partial cut harvest has the potential to encourage old growth species assemblages, which has been a major concern for biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes. Our findings support the promotion of partial cut harvest as an effective strategy to achieve species and habitat conservation goals.

Northwest Forest Plan–the first 15 years (1994–2008): status and trends of late-successional and old-growth forests

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Moeur ◽  
Janet L. Ohmann ◽  
Robert E. Kennedy ◽  
Warren B. Cohen ◽  
Matthew J. Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Growth ◽  
Status And Trends ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Northwest Forest Plan

Alternatives to clearcutting in the old-growth forests of southeast Alaska: study plan and establishment report.

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. McClellan ◽  
Douglas N. Swanston ◽  
Paul E. Hennon ◽  
Robert L. Deal ◽  
Toni L. de Santo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Growth ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Study Plan

scholarly journals Racial Profiling, Surveillance and Over-Policing: The Over-Incarceration of Young First Nations Males in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Grace O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Clear Cut

Historically, countries such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand have witnessed an increased over-representation of minority groups who are exposed to the criminal justice system. For many years in Australia, young First Nations males have been over-represented in the juvenile justice system in all states and territories. Many of these young males have disengaged from their schooling early, some through deliberate exclusion from the education system and others by choice. However, the choices for many young First Nations males may not be as clear cut as first might seem. This paper shows that over-representation in the juvenile justice system may be as a direct result of racial profiling, surveillance and over-policing of First Nations peoples within Australia. The literature addresses the ways in which young First Nations males experience these phenomena from an early age, and the long-term effects and consequences that can arise from these occurrences. An analysis of the current research both internationally and within Australia is thus conducted.

scholarly journals Our New Cathedrals: Spirituality and Old-Growth Forests in Western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Worth
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
South West ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Policy Proposals

Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been heated debate about the future use of the remaining karri and jarrah forests in the south-west of the State. This debate revolves around policy proposals from two social movements: one wants to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing movement supports a continued

Gender-related distributions of Fraxinus mandshurica in secondary and old-growth forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Xiuhai Zhao ◽  
Lushuang Gao ◽  
Klaus von Gadow
Keyword(s):  
Fraxinus Mandshurica ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests

A comparison of different survey methods for assessing gap parameters in old-growth forests

2011 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. 886-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Yamamoto ◽  
Naoyuki Nishimura ◽  
Takeshi Torimaru ◽  
Tohru Manabe ◽  
Akemi Itaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forests
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