scholarly journals Brief communication: Electron pair donors and Earth's energy generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooper Pair ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Reaction Chain

Abstract. This Brief Communication presents a series of model calculations for the electron pair donor densities required for tresino thermal energy generation in the Earth. The crucial density of electron donors is determined from the ratio of He3 and He4 after many years starting from initial densities of the donor pairs. In addition, a new proposal is introduced that connects Cooper pair formations to the deuteron tresino nuclear reaction chain (the chain that determines the He3 / He4 ratio). Furthermore, it is proposed that magnetotelluric (MT) observations may be connected to Cooper pair formation either with or without substantial heating.

scholarly journals Thermal energy generation in the earth

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Mayer ◽  
J. R. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
The Earth

Abstract. We show that a recently introduced class of electromagnetic composite particles can explain some discrepancies in observations involving heat and helium released from the earth. Energy release during the formation of the composites and subsequent nuclear reactions involving the composites are described that can quantitatively account for the discrepancies and are expected to have implications in other areas of geophysics – for example, a new picture of heat production and volcanism in the earth is presented.

Quantification of thermal energy generation in annular hyperbolic porous-finned heat sinks using inverse optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110243
Author(s):  
Sagnik Pal ◽  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Golden Section Search

The present paper introduces an accurate numerical procedure to assess the internal thermal energy generation in an annular porous-finned heat sink from the sole assessment of surface temperature profile using the golden section search technique. All possible heat transfer modes and temperature dependence of all thermal parameters are accounted for in the present nonlinear model. At first, the direct problem is numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method, whereas for predicting the prevailing heat generation within a given generalized fin domain an inverse method is used with the aid of the golden section search technique. After simplifications, the proposed scheme is credibly verified with other methodologies reported in the existing literature. Numerical predictions are performed under different levels of Gaussian noise from which accurate reconstructions are observed for measurement error up to 20%. The sensitivity study deciphers that the surface temperature field in itself is a strong function of the surface porosity, and the same is controlled through a joint trade-off among heat generation and other thermo-geometrical parameters. The present results acquired from the golden section search technique-assisted inverse method are proposed to be suitable for designing effective and robust porous fin heat sinks in order to deliver safe and enhanced heat transfer along with significant weight reduction with respect to the conventionally used systems. The present inverse estimation technique is proposed to be robust as it can be easily tailored to analyse all possible geometries manufactured from any material in a more accurate manner by taking into account all feasible heat transfer modes.

scholarly journals Urca nuclide production in Type-I X-ray bursts and implications for nuclear physics studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (3) ◽  
pp. 2958-2968
Author(s):  
Grant Merz ◽  
Zach Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Type I ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lower Temperature

ABSTRACT The thermal structure of accreting neutron stars is affected by the presence of urca nuclei in the neutron star crust. Nuclear isobars harbouring urca nuclides can be produced in the ashes of Type I X-ray bursts, but the details of their production have not yet been explored. Using the code MESA, we investigate urca nuclide production in a one-dimensional model of Type I X-ray bursts using astrophysical conditions thought to resemble the source GS 1826-24. We find that high-mass (A ≥ 55) urca nuclei are primarily produced late in the X-ray burst, during hydrogen-burning freeze-out that corresponds to the tail of the burst light curve. The ∼0.4–0.6 GK temperature relevant for the nucleosynthesis of these urca nuclides is much lower than the ∼1 GK temperature most relevant for X-ray burst light curve impacts by nuclear reaction rates involving high-mass nuclides. The latter temperature is often assumed for nuclear physics studies. Therefore, our findings alter the excitation energy range of interest in compound nuclei for nuclear physics studies of urca nuclide production. We demonstrate that for some cases this will need to be considered in planning for nuclear physics experiments. Additionally, we show that the lower temperature range for urca nuclide production explains why variations of some nuclear reaction rates in model calculations impacts the burst light curve but not local features of the burst ashes.

scholarly journals Possibility of Cooper-pair formation controlled by multi-terminal spin injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
K Ohnishi ◽  
M Sakamoto ◽  
M Ishitaki ◽  
T Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Cooper Pair ◽  
Spin Injection ◽  
Pair Formation

Critical conditions in neutron multiplication

1939 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Peierls
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Single Neutron ◽  
Neutron Multiplication ◽  
Secondary Neutrons ◽  
Reaction Chain

It is well known that a single neutron may cause a nuclear reaction chain of considerable magnitude, if it moves in a medium in which the number of secondary neutrons which are produced by neutron impact is, on the average, greater than the number of absorbed neutrons. From recent experiments it would appear that this condition might be satisfied in the case of uranium.

The Role of Chlorine in Stratospheric Chemistry

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Plastic Foam ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer ◽  
The Earth

The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are industrialchemicals used as solvents, refrigerants, plastic foam blowing agents,etc. These compounds are eventually released to the environment; theyslowly drift into the stratosphere, where they decompose, initiatinga catalytic process involving chlorine free radicals and leading toozone destruction. The stratospheric ozone layer is important for theearth's energy budget, and it shields the surface of the earth fromultraviolet radiation from the sun. Very significant depletion of theozone layer has been observed in the spring months over Antarctica duringthe last 10-15 years. Laboratory experiments, model calculations andfield measurements, which include several aircraft expeditions, haveyielded a wealth of information which clearly points to the CFCs asthe main cause of this depletion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document