Anatomical Variations of Frontal Sinuses Among The Male and Female Genders Living in Karachi

Objective: To determine morphology and variation in dimensions of frontal air sinuses in male and female genders living in Karachi. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross sectional study and was conducted at Radiology Department, JPMC. Methodology: The total number of study participants were 216. The research subjects were divided into two equal groups of males and females each having 108 members. The mean age of the participants was calculated to be 35.14 ± 8.68 years. The study subjects were recruited from Radiology Department, JPMC, Karachi. After taking written informed consent, Water’s (occipito-mental) view radiography was done to measure the parameters of height, width and area of the frontal air sinuses. The included variables were the demographic data and the physical examination to exclude facial anomalies. All the measurements were recorded and the measurements were saved by the help of Radiant DICOM digital software. Results: The parameters of height, width and the area of frontal sinuses showed highly significant variability on both the right and the left sides. All the dimensions were highly significantly greater in the males as compared to the female study participants (p=0.000). The Independent-Samples T Test was applied to compare the two gender groups. Conclusion: The parameters of height, width and area of frontal sinuses were greater in the males as compared to the females on both the left and the right sides

Download Full-text

Variability of anatomical features of frontal sinuses among the male ethnic groups residing in Karachi.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.06.4288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (06) ◽

pp. 1259-1266

Author(s):

Quratulain Javaid ◽

Ambreen Usmani

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Medical Center ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ethnic Subgroup ◽

Frontal Sinuses ◽

The Right ◽

Study Setting

Objectives: To determine anatomical variability in morphometry of frontal air sinuses in male ethnic groups residing in Karachi. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Radiology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center. Period: Nov 2018 to April 2019. Material & Methods: In total, the research subjects were 108. They were divided into four ethnic sub groups. Each ethnic subgroup had 27 members. The study subjects were in between 20 to 50 years of age with the mean age of 35.14 ± 8.68 years. Before the enrolment of the participants in the research, informed consent was taken. The methodology incorporated was X-ray radiography. The view for radiology was Water’s view. Area, height and width of both right and left frontal sinuses were measured by the help of Radiant DICOM digital software. A questionnaire was designed to record the demographic data. The parameters of area, height and width of the sinuses were noted in the proforma. The data was analyzed by the help of SPSS version 23.0. Results: The ethnic sub groups were compared by the application of One Way ANOVA. The comparison of the four ethnic groups showed high variability in terms of area, height and width of the right frontal air sinuses (p=0.000). Significant variations were also recorded for these parameters on the left side (p=0.000). Conclusion: The height width and area show pattern of anatomical variability in the right and left frontal air sinuses among the ethnic groups of males living in Karachi.

Download Full-text

Is stress an important co morbid factor for hypertension among legal professionals

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181695 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1899

Author(s):

L. Kannan ◽

Praveena P.

Keyword(s):

High Stress ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

District Court ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Legal Professionals ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Study Participants

Background: Stress is a mental, physical and emotional response to life demands. Long hours of work, client demands, changing laws- creates stress and eventually hypertension among advocates. Well-being of the advocates are being questioned. Hence the main objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between stress and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method.Results: Around 133 (44.33%) and 167 (55.66%) of study participants were in level of high stress and low stress respectively. Among high stressed participants, a majority of 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives and among the low stressed participants only 10 (5.98%) were hypertensives. The difference of observation was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0000).Conclusions: In conclusion the study explains that practising advocates with high perceived stress 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives. Stress has a significant association with hypertension. The right way to manage stress is to implement coping strategies.

Download Full-text

Sexual Variations of Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle in the Population of Odisha

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 1387-1390

Author(s):

Rajeev Kumar Kanchan ◽

Sonali Subhadarsini ◽

Dharma Niranjan Mishra ◽

Chinmayi Mohapatra

Keyword(s):

Femoral Neck ◽

Ventral Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Legal Cases ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Femur Neck ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

The Right

BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer

Download Full-text

Assessment of Finger Proprioception and Lateral Pinch Strength in Amateur and Professional Guitarists

Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health ◽

10.24321/2349.2880.201916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

pp. 6-11

Author(s):

Hannah D’souza ◽

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Movement Patterns ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pinch Strength ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Left Hand ◽

Good Strength ◽

The Right

Background: Guitarists use complex and different movement patterns in both hands simultaneously. Applying pressure on the strings and strumming both require good strength whereas playing the melody on the fret-board demands good proprioception. There is a need to find out if guitarists perform functionally well with respect to pinch strength and proprioception which are prerequisites for playing the guitar. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess and compare finger proprioception and pinch strength in amateur and professional guitarists. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 50 amateur and 50 professional guitarists from Mumbai. A self-made questionnaire including their demographic data was asked to be filled. Proprioception was measured using the pinch aperture proprioception device and lateral pinch strength was measured using the Jamar® Hydraulic Pinch Gauge. The average of 3 trials was taken for finger proprioception and lateral pinch strength. The data obtained was then taken for further analysis. Result: Professional guitarists had better finger proprioception (p value = 0.0001 for both right & left hands) and lateral pinch strength (p value =0.0159, 0.0001 for the right & left hand respectively) than amateur guitarists. Also, the left hand had better finger proprioception (p value <0.0001, 0.0059 for amateur & professional guitarists respectively) and right hand had better lateral pinch strength (p value=0.0001 for both professional and amateur guitarists) in both professional and amateur guitarists. Conclusion: Professional guitarists had significantly better finger Proprioception and lateral pinch strength as compared to the amateur guitarists.

Download Full-text

Penentuan Jenis Kelamin berdasarkan Indeks Kaninus (Sex Determination Based on Canine Index)

MEDULA ◽

10.46496/medula.v7i2.11971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Forensic Identification ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

The Right

Background: Identification is an effort made to determine a person's identity. One of the important things in identification is sex determination. Teeth are the hardest part of the human body and are protected in the oral cavity so they have a major role in forensic identification. Canine is the longest teeth and oftentimes used in identification. Purpose: To determine the sex based on the canine index. Methods: An observational analytic cross-sectional study design with 250 research subjects of Halu Oleo University Medical Faculty students from October to December 2018, ages 18-25 years, who met the inclusion criteria, male (n = 125) and female (n = 125). Canine index by calculating the ratio of mesiodistal width (a measure of the width of canines measured from the two widest ends) divided by the distance between canines in four regions namely upper right jaw, upper left jaw, lower right jaw and upper left jaw. Result: Spearman correlation test results of canine index to sex, namely the upper right jaw value of p = 0.124, the upper left jaw value of p = 0.117, the right and right lower jaw with the p value = 0,000. Conclusion: The lower jaw canine index can be used in sex determination, where male have greater lower jaw canine index than female.Keywords: identification, canine index, sex ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Identifikasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk menentukan identitas seseorang. Salah satu hal penting dalam identifikasi adalah penentuan jenis kelamin. Gigi merupakan bagian paling keras dari tubuh manusia dan terlindung di dalam rongga mulut sehingga mempunyai peran besar dalam identifikasi forensik. Kaninus/gigi taring merupakan gigi yang paling panjang diantara semua gigi dan sering digunakan dalam identifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penentuan jenis kelamin berdasarkan indeks kaninus. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dengan 250 subyek penelitian mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Halu Oleo Periode Oktober-Desember 2018, usia 18-25 tahun, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, laki-laki (n=125) dan perempuan (n=125). Indeks kaninus dengan menghitung rasio lebar mesiodistal (ukuran lebar dari gigi taring yang diukur daripada kedua ujung yang terlebar) dibagi jarak antar kaninus pada empat regio yaitu rahang atas kanan, rahang atas kiri, rahang bawah kanan dan rahang bawah kiri. Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi Spearman indeks kaninus terhadap jenis kelamin yaitu pada rahang kanan atas nilai p=0,124, rahang kiri atas nilai p=0,117, rahang kanan dan kiri bawah dengan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan: Indeks kaninus rahang bawah dapat digunakan dalam penentuan jenis kelamin, laki-laki mempunyai indeks kaninus rahang bawah lebih besar dibanding perempuan.Kata kunci: identifikasi, indeks kaninus, jenis kelamin

Download Full-text

Cervico-diaphyseal angle of Femur in Southern Punjab: Radiographic Study

10.53350/pjmhs211581979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1979-1982

Author(s):

M. S Abdullah ◽

Maimoona Khan ◽

Humaira Ali ◽

Abdullah Qamar ◽

Kishwar Nahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Population ◽

Male And Female ◽

Neck Shaft Angle ◽

Shaft Angle ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

The Right

Background: The cervicodiaphyseal angle of femur varies in different population groups due to genetic and environmental factors and has its clinical implications. Aim: To find the cervicodiaphyseal angle in male and female population of Southern Punjab. Study design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve randomly selected pelvic radiographs of adult males (116) and females (96) of the age 24 to 62 years were included in the study. Cervicodiaphyseal angle was measured on each side and statistical comparisons made. Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: The mean value of cervico-diaphyseal angle was found to be130.3+4.9 in the male and127.8+3.5 in the female. The angle was larger in the male and significantly larger on the right side in both male and female subjects. Comparison between the two sides of the male (p <0.0158) and female (p < 0.0424) subjects was found to be significantly larger on the right side. Statistical difference between overall male and female was very highly significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study provided baseline data on cervicodiaphyseal angle in adult male and female population of Southern Punjab. Keywords: Cervicodiaphyseal angle, collodiaphyseal angle, neck-shaft angle of femur, total hip arthroplasty

Download Full-text

Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Testicular Carcinoma by Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47a33032 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 447-451

Author(s):

Abid Ali Sahito ◽

. Ahsanullah ◽

Vicky Kumar ◽

Mohsim Hussain ◽

Humaira Ashraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Doppler Ultrasound ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Testicular Carcinoma ◽

Study Participants

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of testicular carcinoma, by taking histopathology as gold standard. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Radiology department of Liaquat University of Medical and health Sciences (LUMHS), from November 2017 to October 2019. All the clinically diagnosed cases of testicular carcinoma, those who referred for doppler ultrasound and histopathology of testes, were included. After taking informed consent all the study participants underwent testicular histopathology after doppler ultrasound. All of the information was entered into a research proforma. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: Overall, 70 patients of suspected testicular carcinoma were studied. The mean age of the cases was 38.38+4.55 years. Most of the cases 47(67.1%) were poor. As per Doppler ultrasound (U/S) findings out of all 55.7% cases had diagnosed testicular carcinoma, while histopathologically it was observed in 45.7% of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler U/S in testicular carcinoma diagnosis was observed to be 77%, followed by sensitivity (SE) 84%, specificity (SP) 71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 78% and negative predictive value (NPV) 84%. Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound observed to be a non-invasive, uncomplicated, lack of pain, effective and easily available diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of testicular carcinoma.

Download Full-text

A Cross-sectional Study of Anatomical Variations of Coronary Ostia in the Adult Human Hearts and its Clinical Significance

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47870.14527 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Najma Mobin ◽

H Basavanagowdappa ◽

B Madhu

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Aortic Sinus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Human ◽

Coronary Ostia ◽

Sedentary Life Style ◽

The Right

Introduction: The knowledge of anatomical variations of the coronary ostia is an important factor in the study of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). With the adaptation of sedentary life style and increasing stress, CHD has become the major cause of death in many countries. Aim: To describe the location, size and shape of the coronary ostia in cadaveric hearts. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 110 adult human hearts, 90 males and 20 females with a mean age of 66 years, which were collected from the mortuary from March 2017 to March 2019. The aorta was dissected and the aortic sinuses were opened, the number, location, size, shape and anomalous presence of accessory coronary ostia was noted and the measurements were taken using vernier calipers. Results: The Right Coronary Artery (RCA) was seen taking origin from the anterior aortic sinus and the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) from the left posterior aortic sinus in all the 110 hearts. The mean diameter of the Left Coronary Ostia (LCO) was 3.66±0.40 mm and found to be greater than the Right Coronary Ostia (RCO) 3.43±0.38 mm. Variations in the location and shape of the RCO and LCO were noted, and presence of single accessory coronary ostia was observed in five cases. Presence of multiple accessory coronary ostia was observed in only one case and its presence was found to be very rare. Conclusion: The diameter of the LCO was found to be greater than the RCO and the shape was circular in most of the coronary ostia. The majority of the coronary ostia were found to be located within the aortic sinuses below the Sinutubular Junction (STJ). Anatomical knowledge of the coronary ostia in the ascending aorta is very important during cardiac interventions around the aortic root.

Download Full-text

Mental Health Consequences of Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.605279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Msherghi ◽

Ali Alsuyihili ◽

Ahmed Alsoufi ◽

Aimen Ashini ◽

Zenib Alkshik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Study Participants ◽

Libyan Population

ObjectiveWe aimed to provide an overview of the psychological status and behavioral consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the Libyan population through May and June 2020 in more than 20 cities. The survey comprised basic demographic data of the participants and anxiety symptoms measured using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) with ≥15 as the cut-off score for clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Additionally, a survey regarding the lockdown effect was administered, which consisted of several parts, to measure the lockdown status.ResultsA total of 8084 responses were recorded, of which, 5090 (63%) were women and 2994 (37%) were men. The mean age (SD) for study participants was 27.2 (8.9) years. Among the participants, 1145 (14.2%) reached the cut-off score to detect anxiety symptoms; however, of the study variables, only five were predictors of clinically significant anxiety: age, gender, marital status, work status, being a financial supporter for the family, and being infected with COVID-19. Women had 1.19 times higher odds to exhibit anxiety symptoms than men. Increasing age was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of exhibiting anxiety symptoms, whereas being married was significantly associated with higher likelihood of anxiety symptoms, compared to not being married. Being suspended from work was associated with an increase in the likelihood of anxiety symptoms. However, we found that being infected with COVID-19 was associated with a 9.59 times higher risk of exhibiting severe anxiety symptoms. Among the study participants, 1451 (17.9%) reported a physical and/or verbal abuse episode from family members, 958 (11.9%) reported abuse outside the family, and 641 (7.9%) reported abuse from enforcers, during the lockdown.ConclusionOur study provided an overview of the psychological and behavioral status, among those who resided in Libya during the civil war and COVID-19 pandemic. The study demonstrates a concerningly high level of clinically significant anxiety during lockdown among the Libyan population during Libya’s lockdown period.

Download Full-text

Study on Anatomical Variations in Fissures of Lung by CT Scan

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1741045 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

M. Manjunath ◽

M. Vishnu Sharma ◽

Kollanur Janso ◽

Praveen Kumar John ◽

N. Anupama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Lung Resection ◽

Left Lung ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ct Images ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Right ◽

Accessory Fissure

Abstract Introduction Refinements in the modern computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques have led to anatomical variations in the fissures of lung being diagnosed more frequently. So far, majority of the studies conducted are cadaveric. There is paucity of studies in this aspect based on chest CT images. Hence, we undertook this study to find the anatomical variations in the fissures. Prior detection of anatomical abnormalities is important to reduce postoperative complications in lung resection surgeries. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years. Data were collected from the patients who underwent CT scan thorax. Patients in whom normal anatomy of lung was distorted and cases where both lungs were not visualized completely were excluded from the study. All the CT images were reviewed by a single radiologist. The presence or absence of the normal and accessory pulmonary fissures, as well as the continuity of each fissure, was recorded by the radiologist. Data were compiled and analyzed. Results The study population consisted of 394 (70.4%) males and 166 (29.6%) females, totaling 560 cases. Fissural variations were detected in 22.9% (n = 128). Also, 17.5% (n = 98) fissural variations were seen in males and 5.4% (n = 30) fissural variations were seen in females. Further, 54.7% (n = 70) of variations were detected in the right lung and 45.3% (n = 58) in the left lung. The most common fissural variation noted was right incomplete oblique fissure with a frequency of 8.4% cases (n = 47). The most common accessory fissure detected was inferior accessory fissure. Total 22 cases were detected in both the lungs, 17 cases in male and 5 in female. Conclusion Anatomical variations in fissures were found to be more in the right lung than the left lung. Accessory fissures were detected in higher incidence on the right side.

Download Full-text