scholarly journals Seismic architecture of the tip of the Hel Peninsula, Poland

Baltica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rucińska-Zjadacz ◽  
Stanisław Rudowski ◽  
Radosław Wróblewski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
The Core ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Underwater Slope

The article presents results of a pioneering research on the main geological features of the Hel Peninsula based on the analysis of seismic profiles and their comparison with geological cross-sections made on the basis of drillings. The following three parts of the tip structure have been identified: barrier basement (1), barrier core (2) and barrier upper part(3). Seismic facies distinguished therein were subsequently geologically interpreted as follows: Cretaceous marl and limestone (1.1), glacial till and diamicton (1.2), silt and clay of limnoglacial/limnic/marine origin (1.3), barrier sand of the core (2), and sand and peat of the barrier upper part(3). Geological cross-sections covering the geological structure of the tip of the Hel Peninsula underwater slope and the surrounding seabed. The slope base and the distal sand colluvium extent on the seafloor were determined. This paper is the first to present a crosswise section in this part of the Hel Peninsula.

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANABAR‐KHATANGA OIL AND GAS PROVINCE; NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF SALT DOMES (SIBERIAN SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTICS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
V. A. Kontorovich ◽  
В. V. Lunev ◽  
V. V. Lapkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Salt Domes ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Gas Bearing

The article discusses the geological structure, oil‐and‐gas‐bearing capacities and salt tectogenesis of the Anabar‐Khatanga saddle located on the Laptev Sea shore. In the study area, the platform sediments are represented by the 14‐45 km thick Neoproterozoic‐Mesozoic sedimentary complexes. The regional cross‐sections show the early and middle Devonian salt‐bearing strata and associated salt domes in the sedimentary cover, which may be indicative of potential hydrocarbon‐containing structures. Diapirs reaching the ground surface can be associated with structures capable of trapping hydrocarbons, and typical anticline structures can occur above the domes buried beneath the sediments. In our study, we used the algorithms and software packages developed by A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics (IPGG SB RAS). Taking into account the structural geological features of the study area, we conducted numerical simulation of the formation of salt dome structures. According to the numerical models, contrasting domes that reached the ground surface began to form in the early Permian and developed most intensely in the Mesozoic, and the buried diapirs developed mainly in the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.

scholarly journals Unraveling the shallow geology of the western Wadden Sea using high resolution seismics

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.F. Paap ◽  
C.W. Dubelaar ◽  
J.L. Gunnink ◽  
A.P. Oost
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Shallow Subsurface

AbstractModelling of the shallow subsurface of the Dutch Wadden Sea is merely based on lithological information extracted from a limited amount of core samples. In order to improve the subsurface model and to provide a better basis for engineering purposes, seismic data have recently been acquired, processed and interpreted. This study focuses on the interpretation of seismic data in a pilot area in the southwestern part of the Dutch Wadden Sea near the Afsluitdijk. In order to acquire a maximum detail of subsurface information in a time-efficient way, multiple types of seismic systems were deployed simultaneously in a ‘one-sweep-survey’, providing information over depth ranges up to 60 m subsurface depth. Data from three seismic systems are presented; a chirp system, a boomer and sparker source in combination with hydrophone streamers. Geological interpretation of the seismic data was made by identifying seismic facies units and subsequently correlating them to geological cross-sections, running parallel to the Afsluitdijk. Geological cross-sections were derived from the existing geological and hydrogeological model and from relatively densely spaced borehole information. Six key reflectors were identified on the seismic data along the Dutch Afsluitdijk that make up four seismic facies units. Results of seismic profiles show good recognition of internal structures in especially Holocene sediments. A clay plug and a shallowing of a channel at the eastern side of the pilot area were interpreted as channel infills resulting from the rather sudden dominance by newer tidal channels to the west, probably coinciding with the opening of the Marsdiep channel. The channel wall deposits observed were interpreted as a turning of the drainage channel after closure of the IJsselmeer. Strong reflections of deeper levels (>15 m below Dutch vertical datum, i.e. N.A.P.) were interpreted as clay/sand interfaces in the Middle-Pleistocene Urk Formation and were more continuous than previously thought. It is concluded that high resolution seismics add valuable information yielding improved understanding of the sedimentary structure of the shallow subsurface, which in turn can be useful for near future engineering works along the Afsluitdijk.

scholarly journals New data on the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units’ distribution in the Avren Step south of Varna and Beloslav Lakes based on borehole data and seismic profiles’ interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Boris Valchev ◽  
Hristo Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Moesian Platform ◽  
Thickness Variability

The present article aims to provide new data on the spatial distribution and lithological features of the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units in the Avren Step, which is a part of the Moesian Platform in Eastern Bulgaria. On the basis of primary lithological data derived from 81 boreholes’ sections and lithostratigraphic interpretation of five seismic profiles, six formal Paleogene lithostratigraphic units were recognized. They are as follows: the Komarevo Fm. (Thanetian), the Beloslav Fm. (Ypresian), the Dikilitash Fm. (Ypresian), the Aladan Fm. (Ypresian), the Avren Fm. (uppermost Ypresian–Priabonian), and the Ruslar Fm. (Oligocene). Their spatial distribution and relationships in the northern part of the studied area are visualized by drawing up of five geological cross-sections, while the deep geological structure of the southern part is shown by lithostratigraphic interpretation of the five seismic profiles. Four of the units (the Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan and Ruslar Formations) demonstrate almost constant lithology throughout the whole studied area with some variations in their thickness. The Komarevo Formation, and especially the Avren Formation, show considerable lithologic and thickness variability.

Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

Drawings, illustrations, and field sketches play an important role in Earth Science since they are used to record field observations, develop interpretations, and communicate results in reports and scientific publications. Drawing geology in the field furthermore facilitates observation and maximizes the value of fieldwork. Every geologist, whether a student, academic, professional, or amateur enthusiast, will benefit from the ability to draw geological features accurately. This book describes how and what to draw in geology. Essential drawing techniques, together with practical advice in creating high quality diagrams, are described the opening chapters. How to draw different types of geology, including faults, folds, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and fossils, are the subjects of separate chapters, and include descriptions of what are the important features to draw and describe. Different types of sketch, such as drawings of three-dimensional outcrops, landscapes, thin-sections, and hand-specimens of rocks, crystals, and minerals, are discussed. The methods used to create technical diagrams such as geological maps and cross-sections are also covered. Finally, modern techniques in the acquisition and recording of field data, including photogrammetry and aerial surveys, and digital methods of illustration, are the subject of the final chapter of the book. Throughout, worked examples of field sketches and illustrations are provided as well as descriptions of the common mistakes to be avoided.

Distribution of organic matter in Bazhenov high-carbon formation

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
M. S. Topchii ◽  
N. V. Pronina ◽  
A. G. Kalmykov ◽  
G. A. Kalmykov ◽  
M. M. Fomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Carbon Formation ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Micro Level

One of the most famous and promising shale formations in Russia is the Bazhenov formation. The ambiguity of ideas about its geological features, caused by the complex, heterogeneous structure of the strata, attracts the attention of many researchers. In this work, the Bazhenov formation is singled out in conjunction with its stratigraphic counterparts in the Bazhenov high-carbon formation (BVCHF). In this were considered the main characteristics of its allotment and distribution over the area, as well as the geological structure. Being an unconventional reservoir of hydrocarbons, BVCHF has properties of a petroleum-bearing rock, one of the main characteristics of which is organic matter, its type and maturity. The paper presents the results of the study of organic matter by various methods at the micro level, as well as their integration with larger-scale studies. The need for detailed consideration of the organic matter of the BVCHF is justified by the fact that it has a mixed composition and, as a consequence, a different degree of transformation and spatial distribution.

scholarly journals Morphology and Degradation of Multicompartment Microparticles Based on Semi-Crystalline Polystyrene-block-Polybutadiene-block-Poly(L-lactide) Triblock Terpolymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4358
Author(s):  
Nicole Janoszka ◽  
Suna Azhdari ◽  
Christian Hils ◽  
Deniz Coban ◽  
Holger Schmalz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Average Particle Diameter ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Control ◽  
Triblock Terpolymers

The confinement assembly of block copolymers shows great potential regarding the formation of functional microparticles with compartmentalized structure. Although a large variety of block chemistries have already been used, less is known about microdomain degradation, which could lead to mesoporous microparticles with particularly complex morphologies for ABC triblock terpolymers. Here, we report on the formation of triblock terpolymer-based, multicompartment microparticles (MMs) and the selective degradation of domains into mesoporous microparticles. A series of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(L-lactide) (PS-b-PB-b-PLLA, SBL) triblock terpolymers was synthesized by a combination of anionic vinyl and ring-opening polymerization, which were transformed into microparticles through evaporation-induced confinement assembly. Despite different block compositions and the presence of a crystallizable PLLA block, we mainly identified hexagonally packed cylinders with a PLLA core and PB shell embedded in a PS matrix. Emulsions were prepared with Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membranes leading to a narrow size distribution of the microparticles and control of the average particle diameter, d ≈ 0.4 µm–1.8 µm. The core–shell cylinders lie parallel to the surface for particle diameters d < 0.5 µm and progressively more perpendicular for larger particles d > 0.8 µm as verified with scanning and transmission electron microscopy and particle cross-sections. Finally, the selective degradation of the PLLA cylinders under basic conditions resulted in mesoporous microparticles with a pronounced surface roughness.

scholarly journals The Osservatorio Geofisico Sperimentale marine magnetic surveys in the Antarctic Seas

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lodolo ◽  
F. Coren ◽  
C. Zanolla
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Scotia Sea ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Derived Data

About 40 000 km of marine magnetic and gradiometric data have been collected during eight geophysical surveys conducted since the Austral summer 1987/1988 in the circum-antarctic seas, by the research vessel OGS-Explora. For the most surveyed areas (Ross Sea, Southwestern Pacific Ocean, and Southern Scotia Sea), the analysis of the acquired data have contributed to clarify important aspects of their geological structure and tectonic evolution. The main scientific results, obtained combining other available geophysical data (multichannel seismic profiles and satellite-derived data), will be briefly illustrated.

Lanthanum Staining of Neurotubules in Axons from Cockroach Ganglia

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
NANCY J. LANE ◽  
J. E. TREHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Lanthanum Hydroxide ◽  
Small Water ◽  
The Core ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Form Part

The axoplasm of the neurons of Periplaneta americana contains numerous neurotubules which are morphologically similar to the microtubules found in non-nervous tissues after sectioning or negative staining. In cross-sections of fixed material such tubules usually appear as electron-dense circles containing a less dense core and surrounded by a non-opaque ‘clear zone’. However, when cockroach ganglia are fixed and incubated in lanthanum hydroxide, the lanthanum is taken up intracellularly by the axoplasm of certain of the neurons and in these is found to stain the entire core of the neurotubules, as well as the clear zone. At least part of the wall of the tubules remains unstained and appears as a ring of non-opaque subunits against an electron-dense, lanthanum-stained background. Since lanthanum staining, under the conditions used here, is sometimes considered to demonstrate the presence of acid muco-polysaccharides, its uptake by the neurotubules may indicate that they contain carbohydrate as well as the protein that is generally considered to form part of the microtubular wall. Alternatively, the lanthanum could indicate the location of other anionic molecules, possibly undergoing extra- or intratubular translocation. The extent to which neurotubules could mediate movements of relatively small water-soluble ions and molecules is considered in relation to their diffusion through the polyanion matrix represented by the core of the tubules.

Characterization of Radioactive Waste From Side Structural Components of a CANDU Reactor for Decommissioning Applications in Korea

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ahmed ◽  
Gyunyoung Heo ◽  
Dong-Keun Cho ◽  
Jongwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Capture Cross ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
The Core ◽  
Waste Classification ◽  
Capture Cross Sections

Reactor core components and structural materials of nuclear power plants to be decommissioned have been irradiated by neutrons of various intensities and spectrum. This long term irradiation results in the production of large number of radioactive isotopes that serve as a source of radioactivity for thousands of years for future. Decommissioning of a nuclear reactor is a costly program comprising of dismantling, demolishing of structures and waste classification for disposal applications. The estimate of radio-nuclides and radiation levels forms the essential part of the whole decommissioning program. It can help establishing guidelines for the waste classification, dismantling and demolishing activities. ORIGEN2 code has long been in use for computing radionuclide concentrations in reactor cores and near core materials for various burn-up-decay cycles, using one-group collapsed cross sections. Since ORIGEN2 assumes a constant flux and nuclide capture cross-sections in all regions of the core, uncertainty in its results could increase as region of interest goes away from the core. This uncertainty can be removed by using a Monte Carlo Code, like MCNP, for the correct calculations of flux and capture cross-sections inside the reactor core and in far core regions. MCNP has greater capability to model the reactor problems in much realistic way that is to incorporate geometrical, compositional and spectrum information. In this paper the classification of radioactive waste from the side structural components of a CANDU reactor is presented. MCNP model of full core was established because of asymmetric structure of the reactor. Side structural components of total length 240 cm and radius 16.122 cm were modeled as twelve (12) homogenized cells of 20 cm length each along the axial direction. The neutron flux and one-group collapsed cross-sections were calculated by MCNP simulation for each cell, and then those results were applied to ORIGEN2 simulation to estimate nuclide inventory in the wastes. After retrieving the radiation level of side structural components of in- and ex-core, the radioactive wastes were classified according to the international standards of waste classification. The wastes from first and second cell of the side structural components were found to exhibit characteristics of class C and Class B wastes respectively. However, the rest of the waste was found to have activity levels as that of Class A radio-active waste. The waste is therefore suitable for land disposal in accordance with the international standards of waste classification and disposal.

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