Nothing new here: Emphasizing the social and cultural context of deepfakes

First Monday ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Burkell ◽  
Chandell Gosse
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Technology ◽  
Digital Manipulation ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

In the last year and a half, deepfakes have garnered a lot of attention as the newest form of digital manipulation. While not problematic in and of itself, deepfake technology exists in a social environment rife with cybermisogyny, toxic-technocultures, and attitudes that devalue, objectify, and use women’s bodies against them. The basic technology, which in fact embodies none of these characteristics, is deployed within this harmful environment to produce problematic outcomes, such as the creation of fake and non-consensual pornography. The sophisticated technology and metaphysical nature of deepfakes as both real and not real (the body of one person, the face of another) makes them impervious to many technical, legal, and regulatory solutions. For these same reasons, defining the harm deepfakes causes to those targeted is similarly difficult and very often targets of deepfakes are not afforded the protection they require. We argue that it is important to put an emphasis on the social and cultural attitudes that underscore the nefarious use of deepfakes and thus to adopt a more material-based approach, opposed to technological, to understanding the harm presented by deepfakes.

scholarly journals KONSEP MUHAMMAD SHAHRU TENTANG AURAT PEREMPUAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-239
Author(s):  
Laila Nurul hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Maximum Limit

In Islam, clothing does not only function as jewelry and body armor from heat and cold, but more importantly is to cover the nakedness. Al-Qur'an al-Karim shows the obligation of women to cover their bodies in His words, "And let them not show their jewels, except those which (normally) appear from them,". Parts of female limbs that are not allowed to be seen by others are aurat. Islamic scholars agree that all women's bodies are aurat, in addition to the face and two palms. What is meant by the jewelry that appears is the face and two palms. While what is meant by khimar is a headgear, not a face covering like a veil, and what is meant by jaib is chest. The women have been ordered to put a cloth over his head and spread it to cover her chest. By doing library research, that is, research whose main object is books or other sources of literature, meaning that data is sought and found through literature review of books relevant to the discussion, a minimum limit of aurat according to Muhammad Shahrur is that dress cover the juyub, while the maximum limit is dressing which covers all parts of the body besides the face and palms.

scholarly journals Memaknai Upacara Kematian dalam Bingkai Lokalitas Budaya Indonesia: Studi Kasus Tiga Cerpen Pilihan Kompas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Awla akbar Ilma ◽  
Puri Bakthawar
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Death Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Plural Society

Indonesian is a multicultural plural society. Therefore, almost every ethnic group in Indonesia has varied tradition and culture, especially in responding to the phenomenon of obsequies through unique ceremonies and symbols. The research aims to examine how people in several ethnic groups responded to the death event through traditional ceremonies represented by literary works, especially short stories in the 2014-2017 Kompas Selections. Samples to be used in this study are the short story "In the Body of the Tarra, in the Womb of the Tree" by Faisal Oddang in 2014, the short story "Linuwih Aroma Jarik Baru" by Anggun Prameswari in 2015, and the short story "Kasur Tanah" by Muna Masyari in 2017. Results research shows that the three short stories elevate and interpret the tradition of obsequies in Javanese, Madura, and Toraja cultures. In Javanese society, kawung batik is a symbol of man's separation from the natural world. In Madurese society, Sortana is a "gift" of human separation from the social environment. In Toraja society, the tradition of passiliran becomes a symbol of the reuniting of humans with nature as the original.

Manhood, Femaleness, and Power: A Cultural Analysis of Prehistoric Images of Reproduction

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uli Linke
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Collective Representations

Ideologies of reproduction are social facts, collective representations, of the dramatic ways in which human beings construct and appropriate gender for the imaging of social reality. Such symbolic universes are often centered on the body (Foucault 1980; Martin 1989; Turner 1984; Douglas 1973). As a template of cultural signification, the body becomes a model through which the social order can be apprehended. For instance, gender hierarchies are sometimes envisioned by means of an anatomical or physiological paradigm (Needham 1973; Hugh-Jones 1979; Theweleit 1987). However, the operation of societal power is generally focused on women's bodies and bodily processes. Women, according to a widespread (and controversial) paradigm, are grounded in nature by virtue of the dictates of their bodies: menstruation, pregnancy, birth (Lévi-Strauss 1966, 1969; Ortner 1974; Ardener 1975; Mac-Cormack and Strathern 1986).

scholarly journals Peningkatan Public Speaking Skill Melalui Pendekatan POBC dan Mind Mapping Bagi Mahasiswa Universitas Teuku Umar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Yuhdi Fahrimal ◽  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Johan Johan ◽  
Farina Islami
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Three Stages

Pubic speaking is an individual skill that is a necessity in the current era of disruption. Public speaking skills are needed to support the best results in education, the social environment, and the workplace. But not everyone is able to do public speaking well. Previous research states that the condition is caused by excessive fear of individuals to speak in front of the crowd (glossophobia). The objectives of this training are (1) to open students' horizons about public speaking; (2) arousing student motivation so as not to worry about public speaking; and (3) train students practically to be able to practice public speaking in everyday life. This training uses three stages, namely, pre-training research, lectures and discussions, and the practice of public speaking. The results of the training provide practical public speaking techniques to students with a simple concept known as POBC namelyPlanning, Opening, the Body of Speech, and Conclusion and mind mapping. This method is considered to make it easier for students to do public speaking systematically from planning to closing interesting speeches.

scholarly journals Understanding Tattoos from the Indonesian Underground Music Scene of the Surabaya Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cons. Tri Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Art ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Music Scene ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spiritual Journeys ◽  
Underground Music ◽  
The Individual

This study analyses the functions and meanings of tattoos in the specific social and cultural context of the underground musicians and fans in urban East Java. The research methodology is based on qualitative data and uses ethnographic and social science methods. The ethnographic component comes from participation in music events, gatherings and visits to the target community in their homes and public places. The focus is on the analysis of the visual data in their particular contexts and draws from detailed knowledge of literature pertaining to existing international research about tattoos from a variety of perspectives. In particular, the individual explanatory narratives are considered to account for the icons, symbols and typography patterns, to understand the broader vocabularies of tattoos that are followed in the subculture of underground music in Indonesia. This research revealed that tattoos and tattooing practices among Java-based underground music subcultures were mostly still based on mutual co-operation, as shown by how some of the underground musicians and fans became the volunteer media of tattooing practices for their fellow tattoo apprentices. This kind of activity seems to strengthen their social interactions. From an analogical perspective, we can see the body as the site where they create those relationships. I call this phenomenon the social body event, a celebration of togetherness and unity, flowing dynamically in the form of the production of tattoos. Other findings were that tattoos also became a projection of their spiritual journeys, personal identity, as well as the group identity, in cases where there was a shift in the meaning of tattoos over time. The local preferences of tattoos and the tattooing process also involve local spiritual conceptions, such as the tattoo positioning on the body representing good or evil. Also, some subjects acquired tattoos after experiencing dreams. This phenomenon shows that some youngsters still believe that dreams can convey a supernatural message or a sign of a particular event in their life. Tattoo and tattooing practices in the underground music scene reflect the vigorous bond between inside and outside the self, the music scene, and the wider range of society. It is also clear how global tattoos can influence, in terms of tattoo styles and motifs. This research adds to the existing body of research and knowledge of both subcultures and body art in the Indonesian context.

MICRO ENVIRONMENT FEELING – MAINTAINER AND REFLECTOR OF THE LATGALIANS’ SYSTEM OF VALUES

Via Latgalica ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Valda Čakša
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Environmental Identity ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The People ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Population

The aim of the article is to describe the attitude of Latgalians towards the components of natural objects of their nearby residence space (micro environment) – mežs (forest) and prūds (pond), as well as the objects created by humans – ceļš (road), which to a certain extent confi rm the understanding of the objects close to the place of residence in daily life of the preceding generations of Latgalians, as well as allow to compare these insights to the manifestations of Latgalianness discovered in the discourses of today. Researchers of the geographical environment and identity defi ne space as a geometrical, topological, three-dimensional structure, in which the objects and their relationships interact with a subject (human). In the social and cultural background of each populated area and the structures typical to them maintain the carriers of the micro-environmental identity, interaction of which with the priorities of a human activity facilitates and maintains the comprehension of values. Within the process of interaction of several groups of factors are forming the spatial and - in a wider meaning - environmental identity of micro environmental objects, which is defined as a significant sub-structure of personal self-identity. The environmental psychologists are emphasising the importance of functional knowledge, which is developed by using ‘bad’ and ‘good’ experiences regarding some objects, places and spaces according to their capability to satisfy the biological, psychological, social and cultural needs. Thus the value systems within a framework of a specific community are influenced by the experience of application of environmental objects, while multiform functions of micro environmental objects are reflected in the ethic, aesthetic, cognitive, educative and other notions about themselves and society in general. The attitude towards the micro-environment reveals also the body of macro-environmental factors – social and economic, ecological, as well as geographical and spatial, which a person faces in his/her daily activity. Various studies on the Latgalian mentality, as well as language and culture carried out in the previous century, are highlighting that exactly the rural environment is the basis of a Latgalian person’s interest in the individual’s place in nature, and in great things – such as individual’s mission, identity, Latgalianness, responsibility for its preservation, etc. This identity is not separable from the recognition of belonging to some social unit. In its turn the closest surrounding or micro environment of a contemporary Latgalian consists of several segments, with which s/he is tightly linked: family members and their occupation, house, natural objects of the closest surrounding, neighbours and their occupation, objects of the social life and traditions, etc. New modern aspects are introduced in these segments by the involvement of regional population in political, cultural and scientific processes of the state. Since the first condition for formation and development of a personality is the entirety of action and personal relationship, ensuring the orientation in various community systems of relations and viewpoints, then through language joining of the system of values is taking place, recognized not only in the regional community, but also in the national country. Involvement on the state level circulations nowadays confirms not only possibilities of the Latgalians, but also creates new tendencies and opportunities in the understanding of Latgalianness and also in the position against the attitude of inhabitants of other counties and the national state towards all the Latgalic matters. Thus the personalities popular in the Latgalian society, by confirming the link among the historical and contemporary Latgalian identity tendencies, significance of micro-environmental phenomena in the daily communication of regional population, Latgalian identity and psychology, as well as culture maintenance and preservation topicality, facilitate the orientation of regional society socialization, maintain the power of intellect, civic position and through the kinds of public consciousness manifestations activate the issues of equal rights and perseverance of their own native language. Active involvement in the process of solving of the present economic, political, cultural, ecological, administrative, scientific, etc. national issues of Latvia makes modern society to consider the factors of Latgalianness and contemporary tendencies of the identity manifestations. If the insights that a personality of an individual is mainly formed by the inborn characterizers have dominated in the description of former generations then the present social advancement and contribution of an individual him/herself in the personal development (his/ her self-performance and socialization experience), his/her patriotism, feeling of the micro- environment of Latgale region as a component of the system of values comprehension is based mainly on the attitude towards four interrelated elements: 1) nature environment maintaining a certain order and equilibrium in the geographical space of Latgale and, by meeting the needs of a human economic activities and social life, simultaneously facilitates also the formation of a certain attitude towards the objects created by nature; 2) the environment created by human – houses, household buildings, towns, etc., that as places for concentration of the people make the corresponding infrastructure of the specific society’s standard of living to develop and to be maintained, by serving to meet the social, economical and cultural needs of the community members; 3) social environment formed by mutual relationship of the people in a community, region, country. Social environment reflects also the relationship with other communities (at the regional, state, international level), as well as the influence of scientific and technical achievements on the geographical environment of Latgale and the entire Latvia in general, meeting the political, social, economical, cultural, communication and other needs of a person; 4) internal environment is formed by the body of personal viewpoints of separate individuals – attitude towards cultural, economic, political, etc. ideas typical to the epoch and their implementation patterns (historical consciousness), making to revaluate their opportunities and making of a decision regarding an active or observing position. Thus the interaction of Latgalian micro-environment with the internal environment of a contemporary Latgalian person confirms not only him/her personality order at a physical, mental, emotional and intellectual level, but also forms the basis of social equilibrium and the most significant factor of the identity or the awareness of place belonging and choice of activity direction.

Symbolic look of the body reflected by arterial hypertension: a bibliographical study

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Cláudia Geovana da Silva Pires ◽  
Gilmara Ribeiro Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Mirian Santos Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Active Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
On Line ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Living Process

ABSTRACTObjective: to reflect on the body and its interface with hypertension in the social environment. Method: this is a bibliographical study with a systematic literature review design carried out online in the databases LILACS, SciELO, and MEDLINE. The research was carried out using the following descriptors: body, nursing, hypertension, and blood pressure, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The papers selection was performed through the title and abstract of all those found in the database. Results: eight papers were found, but none of them exploring issues concerning the body and its interface with hypertension in the social environment. The body is a focus of interest because it reflects “figuratively” the unsuitable behavior of people with arterial hypertension. Conclusions: the main challenges faced by the nursing professionals are considering the person with arterial hypertension as an active element in her/his living process, leading her/him to understand her/his disease, and establishing a harmonious relationship with herself/himself, her/his body, and the world. Descriptors: health; hypertension; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: refletir sobre o corpo e sua interface com a hipertensão no meio social. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico do tipo revisão de literatura sistemática realizado on-line nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e MEDLINE.  A pesquisa foi realizada com os seguintes descritores: corpo, enfermagem, hipertensão e pressão arterial, em português, inglês e espanhol. A seleção dos artigos se deu por meio do título e resumo de todos aqueles encontrados na base de dados. Resultados: foram encontrados oito artigos, porém, nenhum deles explorava as questões do corpo e sua interface com a hipertensão no meio social. O corpo é objeto de atenção por “figurativamente” refletir o comportamento inadequado das pessoas com hipertensão arterial. Conclusões: os principais desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais de enfermagem são colocar a pessoa com hipertensão arterial como elemento ativo no seu processo de viver, fazê-la compreender sua doença e estabelecer uma relação harmoniosa com ela mesma, com seu corpo e com o mundo. Descritores: saúde; hipertensão; enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: reflejar sobre el cuerpo y su interface con la hipertensión en el medio social. Método: se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, del tipo revisión de literatura sistemática, realizada on line en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO y MEDLINE.  La investigación se realizó a través de las palabras claves: cuerpo, enfermería, hipertensión y presión arterial, en portugués, inglés y español. La selección de los artículos se dio por medio del título y resumen de todos aquellos encontrados en la base de datos. Resultados: fueron encontrados ocho artículos, pero ninguno de ellos exploraba las cuestiones del cuerpo y su interfase con la hipertensión en el medio social. El cuerpo es objeto de atención por “figurativamente” reflejar el comportamiento inadecuado de las personas con hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: los principales desafíos que los profesionales de enfermería afrontan son colocar la persona con hipertensión arterial como elemento activo en su proceso de vivir, hacerla comprender su enfermedad y establecer una relación armoniosa con ella misma, con su cuerpo y con el mundo. Descriptores: salud; hipertensión; enfermería.

Group Singing and Social Identity

2016 ◽  
pp. 836-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane W. Davidson ◽  
Robert Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spiritual Self

Group singing practices interact with socio-cultural context, and this relationship depends on predominant social trends. Furthermore, ability to act in the world is expressed through Self-Identity, whereby we constitute ourselves as agents, authors of our actions, and generate our identities. There are three principal components of Self: the Material Self (the body; the physical world); the Social Self (expressed in relationships); and the Spiritual Self (found in religious/ spiritual experience). These elements interact in a web of individual and cultural circumstance, the overall becoming labeled The Created Self. In this chapter Selfhood is acknowledged as developing within a social and cultural milieu and is shaped by the specific roles we enact. Identity is primarily developed in relation to others, comprising many elements that are not fixed, but changing. Case studies are used to explore how social musical identities are developed in the social activity of group singing.

scholarly journals Re-Presenting the Future of Medicine’s Past: Towards a Politics of Survival

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Cooter
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The ‘death’ of the social history of medicine was predicated on two insights from postmodern thinking: first, that ‘the social’ was an essentialist category strategically fashioned in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and second, that the disciplines of medicine and history-writing grew up together, the one (medicine) seeking to objectify the body, the other (history-writing) seeking to objectify the past. Not surprisingly, in the face of these revelations, historians of medicine retreated from the critical and ‘big-picture’ perspectives they entertained in the 1970s and 1980s. Their political flame went out, and doing the same old thing increasingly looked more like an apology for, than a critical inquiry into, medicine and its humanist project. Unable to face the present, let alone the future, they retreated from both, suffering the same paralysis of will as other historians stymied by the intellectual movement of postmodernism. Ironically, this occurred (occurs) at a moment when ‘medicine’ – writ large to include the biosciences and biotechnology – could easily be said to be the most relevant and compelling subject for understanding contemporary life and politics (global, local, and individual) and, as such, the place to justify the practice of history-writing as a whole. God knows, legitimacy has never been more urgent. But how can this be effected? Political action seems more likely than prayer. But let us begin by reviewing the nature of the problem that demands this response.

Genetic and environmental interactions in determining the early lexicon: evidence from a set of tri-zygotic quadruplets

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARLA K. McGREGOR ◽  
NINA C. CAPONE
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Core Vocabulary ◽  
Observation Period

A set of tri-zygotic quadruplets, three girls and one boy, participated in weekly observations from 1;2 to 1;10 (years;months), a period of transition from prelinguistic gesture to 50 words. In the study, one girl served as a genetic mate to her identical twin and a biological risk mate to her fraternal sister. The biological risk mates achieved milestones in lexical development at similar times; however, the genetic mates demonstrated more similarities in pattern of lexical development and in the modality of their word productions. Degree of similarity changed over the observation period. Imposed upon the natural experiment was a within-subject manipulation of the social environment: The experimenters modelled a core vocabulary via the gesture+verbal modalities to the children during each visit. The modelling resulted in increased rates of word learning for three of the children; the child with the greatest biological risk, the boy, derived the greatest benefit. The findings provide unique support for a dynamic, multi-factorial model of lexical development involving the interaction of genetics, the biological environment and the social environment. Furthermore, they illustrate the robustness of early lexical development in the face of biological risks.

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