scholarly journals Accuracy in clinical examinations for the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis by CANDIDA SPP. and IN VITRO susceptibility to the main antifungals

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Santana Santos ◽  
Ana Laura Sene Amancio Zara ◽  
Fábio Silvestre Ataídes ◽  
Elisangela Gomes da Silva ◽  
Vivianny Aparecida Queiroz Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection. This work aims to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinical diagnosis of VVC and to characterize Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2016 to February 2017 at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The study included samples of vaginal secretion from 55 women who complained of vaginal discharge and itching as their main symptoms. The PPV of the clinical diagnosis of VVC was estimated in comparison to the laboratory culture method. The phenotypic methods and molecular tests were performed to identify Candida spp. In vitro susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B was determined using the broth microdilution assay. Yeast growth using the enzymes protease, phospholipase, and hemolysin was carried out in media containing respectively bovine albumin, egg yolk, and sheep erythrocytes. A PPV of 61.8% (34/55) was determined. Among the 55 vulvovaginal samples collected, we identified 36 isolates in whichC. albicans was the most common species. High resistance to fluconazole and low minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for clotrimazole, nystatin and amphotericin B were observed. All isolates were proteinase and hemolysin producers, while seven strains were phospholipase negative. The clinical diagnosis of VVC presented a moderate PPV, which meant that cultures had to be conducted in the laboratory to confirm infection. The high resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole indicated the importance of the in vitro susceptibility test.KEY WORDS: Vulvovaginal candidiasis; antifungal susceptibility; enzymatic activity

Antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream yeasts isolated at a public children’s hospital in Brazil: comparison of the Etest® and the AFST–EUCAST microdilution method

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia E. Matsumoto ◽  
Amanda L.T. Dias ◽  
Márcia S.C. Melhem ◽  
Maria W. Szeszs ◽  
Marcos E. Auler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

This study compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results from the proposed standard methods of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AFST–EUCAST) with the commercial system Etest® in the evaluation of susceptibility to flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B of 136 Candida spp. isolated from the blood of hospitalized children. The results presented a greater agreement among Etest® MICs ±2 log2 dilutions of AFST–EUCAST for fluconazole (98.1% and 96.3%) and voriconazole (100% and 100%) for Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis . For Candida glabrata , the agreement was greater only for fluconazole (81.8%) and voriconazole (100%). For amphotericin B, the agreement between the methods was low for all species. The agreement percentage among the Etest® and AFST–EUCAST susceptibility profiles was high according to the MIC breakpoints recommended by the M27-A2 protocol for the majority of the yeasts, except for fluconazole and itraconazole against Candida tropicalis and for itraconazole against C. glabrata and Candida krusei . According to both methodologies, a great number of Candida spp. isolates showed an in vitro susceptibility to all evaluated antifungal agents. Overall, both procedures can be reliable techniques for susceptibility tests of yeasts, but the assessment of interlaboratory agreement and correlation of MICs by different methods with in vivo response are of great importance.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibility of Talaromyces Marneffei In Malaysia: Comparison of Yeast and Mycelial Phases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ting Tan ◽  
Nurliyana binti Mohd Shuhairi ◽  
Stephanie Jane Ginsapu ◽  
Surianti Binti Shukor ◽  
Fairuz Binti Amran
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Terbinafine Hydrochloride ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Talaromyces marneffei is an etiologic agent of talaromycosis. It can cause serious complications and death in immunocompromised patients, particularly in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This infectious disease is endemic in Southeast Asia including Malaysia. To date, published reports on the antifungal susceptibility profile of T. marneffei is very limited. The objective of this study is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of T. marneffei in yeast and mycelial phases in Malaysia. In the year 2020, 27 clinical strains of T. marneffei were received from various hospitals in Malaysia. The identification was carried out using microscopic, macroscopic and molecular methods. Following that, the susceptibility of each isolate in both yeast and mycelial form to thirteen common antifungals was performed according to the broth microdilution in Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 method. The antifungals tested were anidulafungin, micafungin sodium, caspofungin diacetate, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B and terbinafine hydrochloride, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ravuconazole, clotrimazole and isavuconazole. The geometric mean of all antifungals other than anidulafungin, micafungin sodium, caspofungin diacetate and 5-fluorocytosine against T. marneffei mould (mycelial) were >2 μg/ml. However, the geometric mean of all antifungals against T. marneffei yeast was <2 μg/ml. Our in vitro data suggests promising activities of amphotericin B, terbinafine hydrochloride, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ravuconazole, clotrimazole and isavuconazole against yeast and mould phases of T. marneffei.

scholarly journals Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp from patients in Midwest Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (08) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Cometti Favalessa ◽  
Daphine Ariadne Jesus De Paula ◽  
Valeria Dutra ◽  
Luciano Nakazato ◽  
Tomoko Tadano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection that affects humans and animals, mainly due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Following the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), fungal infections by C. neoformans have become more common among immunocompromised patients. Cryptococcus gattii has primarily been isolated as a primary pathogen in healthy hosts and occurs endemically in northern and northeastern Brazil. We to perform genotypic characterization and determine the in vitro susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs of the Cryptococcus species complex isolated from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients attended at university hospitals in Cuiabá, MT, in the Midwestern region of Brazil. Methodology: Micromorphological features, chemotyping with canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar and genotyping by URA5-RFLP were used to identify the species. The antifungal drugs tested were amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and voriconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to the CLSI methodology M27-A3. Results: Analysis of samples yelded C. neoformans AFLP1/VNI (17/27, 63.0%) and C. gattii AFLP6/VGII (10/27, 37.0%). The MICs ranges for the antifungal drugs were: amphotericin B (0.5-1 mg/L), fluconazole (1-16 mg/L), flucytosine (1-16 mg/L), itraconazole (0.25-0.12 mg/L) and voriconazole (0.06-0.5 mg/L). Isolates of C. neoformans AFLP1/VNI were predominant in patients with HIV/AIDS, and C. gattii VGII in HIV-negative patients. The genotypes identified were susceptible to the antifungal drugs tested. Conclusion: It is worth emphasizing that AFLP6/VGII is a predominant genotype affecting HIV-negative individuals in Cuiabá. These findings serve as a guide concerning the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans and C. gattii in the State of Mato Grosso.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida spp. from blood and feces collected in Novi Sad in 3-year period (2008-2010)

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Zora Jelesic ◽  
Deana Medic ◽  
Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina ◽  
Marija Jevtic ◽  
Vera Gusman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
The Right ◽  
Novi Sad

Candidemia is an important emerging nosocomial infection in patients with risk factors. Candida species from nonsterile sites can give insight into the characteristics of strains that may cause invasive disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal susceptibility of Candida blood and fecal isolates in Novi Sad, Vojvodina. During a 3-year period (2008 to 2010), 424 isolates of Candida spp. were collected, 30 bloodstream isolates and 394 strains from fecal samples. In vitro susceptibility of these isolates to five antifungal agents was established using commercial ATB FUNGUS 3 (Bio-M?rieux). Predominant species was Candida albicans (6 isolates from blood and 269 from feces). Resistance to one or more antifungal agents was less common in Candida albicans (3.63%) than in other species (24.83%). Resistance to itraconazole was the most commonly found in both groups of isolates, 9.64% strains from feces and 20% from blood samples. Twelve isolates were multiply resistant, usually to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. Resistance to amphotericine B was extremely rare. Although resistance to antimycotics of Candida spp. is rare at present, continued surveillance of antifungal susceptibility is necessary in order to monitor trends, and to choose the right empiric therapy.

scholarly journals Activity of a new triazole, Sch 56592, compared with those of four other antifungal agents tested against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Pfaller ◽  
S Messer ◽  
R N Jones
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Sch 56592 is a new triazole agent with potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The in vitro activities of Sch 56592, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine (5-FC) against 404 clinical isolates of Candida spp. (382 isolates) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (22 isolates) were investigated. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed by a broth microdilution method performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. Overall, Sch 56592 was very active (MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC90], 0.5 microgram/ml) against these yeast isolates. Sch 56592 was most active against Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, candida lusitaniae, and Candida stellatoidea (MIC90, < or = 0.12 microgram/ml) and was least active against Candida glabrata (MIC90, 2.0 micrograms/ml). Sch 56592 was 2- to 32-fold more active than amphotericin B and 5-FC against all species except C. glabrata. By comparison with the other triazoles, Sch 56592 was equivalent to itraconazole and greater than or equal to eightfold more active than fluconazole. On the basis of these results, Sch 56592 has promising antifungal activity, and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are warranted.

scholarly journals Isolation of Candida africana in oral candidiasis: First report among cancer patients in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensieh Lotfali ◽  
Masoud Mardani ◽  
Sara Abolghasemi ◽  
David Darvishnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Rabiei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Background and Purpose: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by the members of C. albicans complex. Although C. africana, as a part of the complex, is considered to be mostly responsible for the development of vulvovaginal candidiasis, it may be associated with a wider clinical spectrum. Case report: This report described two cases diagnosed with oral candidiasis during the receipt of treatment for malignancies. Conventional and molecular tests were performed on the samples collected from the patients’ oral cavities. The test results revealed C. africana as the causative agent of oral candidiasis. Furthermore, in vitro antifungal susceptibility test indicated the full susceptibility of all C. africana isolates to caspofungin. However, the data were also suggestive of the resistance against fluconazole and amphotericin B. Caspofungin was used as the main antifungal agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis, resulting in the improvement of thrush in patients. The resistance of C. africana to fluconazole and amphotericin B suggests the necessity of performing in vitro susceptibility testing on the isolates for the selection of appropriate antifungal agents. Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the achievement of knowledge regarding C. africana as an emerging non-albicans Candida species and its antifungal susceptibility profile is crucial to select antifungal prophylaxis and empirical therapy for oral candidiasis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility profile of diferent yeasts isolates from wild animals, cow’s milk with subclinical mastitis and hospital environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
J. F. Mendes ◽  
C. L. Gonçalves ◽  
G. F. Ferreira ◽  
I. A. Esteves ◽  
C. H. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Cow's Milk

Abstract Yeast infections have acquired great importance due to increasing frequency in immunocompromised patients or patients undergoing invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and also because of its high morbidity and mortality. At the same time, it has been seen an increase in the emergence of new pathogenic species difficult to diagnose and treat. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility of 89 yeasts from different sources against the antifungals amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole and flucytosine, using the VITEK® 2 Compact system. The antifungal susceptibility was performed automatically by the Vitek® 2 Compact system. The origin of the yeasts was: Group 1 - microbiota of wild animals (W) (26/89), 2 - cow’s milk with subclinical mastitis (M) (27/89) and 3 - hospital enviorment (H) (36/89). Of the 89 yeasts submitted to the Vitek® 2 test, 25 (20.9%) were resistant to fluconazole, 11 (12.36%) to amphotericin B, 3 (3.37%) to voriconazole, and no sample was resistant to flucytosine. Regarding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), fluconazole showed an MIC between 1 and 64 mg/mL for the three groups, voriconazole had an MIC between 0.12 and 8 mg/mL, amphotericin B had an MIC between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL for group H and group W respectively, between 0.25 and 16 mg/mL for group M and flucytosine had an MIC equal to 1μg/mL for all groups. The yeasts isolated from the H group showed the highest resistance to fluconazole 12/89 (13.49%), followed by group W (7.87%) and group M (5.62%). The more resistant group to voriconazole was followed by the M and H groups, the W group showed no resistance to this antifungal. Group H was the least resistant (2.25%) to amphotericin.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibility ofCandidaSpecies to Four Antifungal Agents Assessed by the Reference Broth Microdilution Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahriye Eksi ◽  
Efgan Dogan Gayyurhan ◽  
Iclal Balci
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was performed to determine the distribution ofCandidaspecies isolated from the blood cultures of the patients hospitalized in our hospital and to investigate their antifungal susceptibility.Candidastrains were identified at species level by using classical methods and API ID 32C (bioMerieux, France) identification kits. The susceptibility of the strains to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin was evaluated by using the reference broth microdilution method in document M27-A3 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Of the 111Candidastrains isolated, 47.7% were identified asC. albicansand 52.3% as non-albicansCandidastrains. The MIC ranges were 0.03–1 μg/mL for amphotericin B, 0.125–≥64 μg/mL for fluconazole, 0.03–16 μg/mL for voriconazole, and 0.015–0.25 μg/mL for caspofungin. AllCandidastrains were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. 10.8% isolates were resistant to fluconazole and 8.1% isolates were dose-dependent susceptible. While 0.9% isolate was resistant to voriconazole, 0.9% isolate was dose-dependent susceptible. In our study,C. albicansandC. parapsilosiswere the most frequently encountered agents of candidemia and it was detected that voriconazole with a low resistance rate might also be used with confidence in the treatment of infections occurring with these agents, primarily besides amphotericin B and caspofungin.

scholarly journals Effects of changes in culture conditions on the virulence and antifungal susceptibility of dairy cow mastitis fungal isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yue ◽  
Shengyan Ma ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xuezhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Phospholipase Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Abstract Background: In recent years, the number of incidences of dairy cow mastitis caused by non-albicans Candida (NAC) have increased owing to the virulence factors, including cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and phospholipase activity, of the causative agents, namely, Candida krusei and Candida parasitica. Temperature and pH changes in the cow's udder after fungal infection and unreasonable medication can affect the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. and their expression of virulence factors. Methods: In this study, the effects of different temperatures and pH on the virulence of NAC strains were tested, and the in vitro susceptibility of the fungal strains to Cu2+ and antibacterial agents were examined. Besides, the changes in the virulence factors of Candida spp., including biphasicity, hemolytic activity, CSH, and phospholipase activity under these test conditions were investigated, and the internal relationship between these factors was analyzed. Results: The results showed that the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. could be altered through changes in various physiological conditions. Both temperature and pH were noted to be important factors affecting Candida growth, antifungal susceptibility, and expression of virulence factors. Cu2+ inhibited the growth and virulence factors expression of Candida spp., whereas antibacterial agents directly promoted the growth of Candida spp., making them resistant, which is one of the reasons for breast inflammation symptoms in cows. Conclusions: These results on virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility, and physiological characteristics of NAC provide a theoretical basis for understanding and treating dairy cow mastitis caused by NAC.

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