scholarly journals Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Members of Enterobacterales Isolated from Blood Cultures in a University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Cenk Mirza ◽  
Banu Sancak
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibilities ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Objective: Members of Enterobacterales can cause various diseases in humans. The objective of this study was to determine the genus/species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Enterobacterales isolated from blood cultures in Central Laboratory of Hacettepe University Hospital. Method: Enterobacterales isolated from blood between July-2014 and April-2018 were included in the study. MALDI-TOF MS was used for the identification of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined with automated system (VITEK 2 Compact for the isolates between 2014 and 2018; BD Phoenix for the isolates in 2018) and disk diffusion method. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were interpreted according to EUCAST breakpoints. Results: In total, 1765 isolates belonging to the order Enterobacterales were isolated from blood cultures. The most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli (47.6%), Klebsiella (34.1%), Enterobacter (6%), Proteus (4.4%) and Serratia spp. (3.5%), respectively. The remaining isolates included Salmonella, Citrobacter, M. morganii, Pantoea, Raoultella and Providencia spp. The lowest resistance rates among E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. isolates were observed against meropenem and amikacin. However, 21.1% of Klebsiella isolates were resistant to meropenem. The most active antimicrobials against Proteus isolates were piperacillintazobactam and meropenem. Resistance was not observed against piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem among Proteus isolates. The most active antimicrobial against Serratia isolates was trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole with a resistance rate of 0%. Resistance was not noted against ampicillin and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole among Salmonella isolates, whereas 26.1% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. All Citrobacter isolates were susceptible to meropenem, amikacin and cefepime. Conclusion: Findings of our study may guide the selection of proper antimicrobials for the treatment of bacteremia caused by Enterobacterales. Furthermore, this study provides important epidemiological information regarding the distribution of members of Enterobacterales causing bacteremia.

scholarly journals Molecular types, virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli causing bovine mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen ◽  
Nadine Käppeli ◽  
Marina Morach ◽  
Corinne Eicher ◽  
Sabrina Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phylogenetic Grouping ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

BackgroundEscherichia coli is an important aetiological agent of bovine mastitis worldwide.MethodsIn this study, 82 E. coli from bovine mastitis milk samples from 49 farms were analysed for their genetic diversity using phylogenetic grouping and multilocus sequence typing. The isolates were examined by PCR for a selection of virulence factors (VFs). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were assessed using the disk diffusion method.ResultsThe most prevalent phylogroups were group B1 (41.5 per cent of the isolates) and group A (30.5 per cent). A variety of 35 different sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST1125 (11 per cent), ST58 (9.8 per cent), ST10 (8.5 per cent) and ST88 (7.3 per cent). Aggregate VF scores (the number of unique VFs detected for each isolate) ranged from 1 to 3 for 63.4 per cent of the isolates and were at least 4 for 12.2 per cent. For 24.4 per cent of the isolates, the score was 0. The three most frequent VFs were traT, fyuA and iutA. The majority (72 per cent) of the isolates harboured traT. The majority (68.3 per cent) of the isolates were fully susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, with 22 per cent resistant to ampicillin and 14.6 per cent to tetracycline. Resistance rates were low for gentamicin (3.7 per cent), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2.4 per cent) and ceftiofur (1.2 per cent), respectively.ConclusionAmong the study’s sample population, E. coli strains were genotypically diverse, even in cows from the same farm, although some STs occurred more frequently than others. Susceptibility to clinically relevant compounds remained high.

scholarly journals Salmonella isolates’ serotypes and susceptibility to commonly used drugs at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Somily ◽  
Samina Bashir Sayyed ◽  
Hanan Ahmed Habib ◽  
Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Khattaf ◽  
Fawzia Eida Al Otabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction: Resistance of Salmonella to therapeutic agents currently being used for treatment of Salmonella infections is emerging as a global problem. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes and their susceptibility patterns to commonly used drugs for treatment of Salmonella infections including quinolones. Correlation between nalidixic acid susceptibility of these isolates and their ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations was also sought. Methodology; Salmonella isolates (n=213) were collected between January 2007 and May 2009 at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The isolates were serotyped and their susceptibilities to commonly used first-line anti-Salmonella drugs (ampicillin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin) were determined using the automated Microscan system, the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and E-test. Results: The most frequently detected serotype was D1 (37%) followed by the serotypes, B (24%) and C1 (11%). Non-typable Salmonella isolates detected using available conventional Salmonella anti-sera were (11%). Overall resistance rates to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone were 99/213 (46%), 43/213 (20%), 34/213 (16%) and 7/213 (3%), respectively. Of the total isolates, 117 (55%) had a ciprofloxacin MIC of < 0.125 µg/ml and among these 105 (90%) were susceptible to nalidixic acid. The remaining 96 (45%) isolates had a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≥ 0.125 µg/ml and among them, 83 (86.5%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Conclusions: The majority of Salmonella isolates in this study were non-typhi serotypes. Significantly higher proportions of Salmonellae were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin and a vast majority of nalidixic acid resistant organisms exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals β-lactamase genes in carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a Turkish university hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Umut Safiye Say Coskun ◽  
Emel Caliskan ◽  
Asegul Copur Cicek ◽  
Halbay Turumtay ◽  
Cemal Sandalli
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Introduction: The spread of Acinetobacter baumannii, resistant to most of the available antimicrobial agents, is a serious health problem. The high rate of carbapenem resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates is considered as a threat to public health. In this study, we aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance and related genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Methodology: Ninety six isolates of A. baumannii were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Phoenix Automated System and disk diffusion method. Carbapenem resistane was characterized by scrneeing of resistance genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1-2, blaPER, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA23-24-51-58 using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: Resistance for the levofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tigecycline were determined as 96.9%, 93.7%, 72.9% and 45.8% respectively. Colistin was the only susceptible antibiotic against all clinical isolates. All isolates were defined as multidrug resistance and of these, 31.2% were extensively drug-resistant (sensitive only to colistin). BlaOXA-51­  and blaOXA-23 genes were detected in 100% strains while blaTEM was found in only 2% strains. There was no amplification for the blaSHV, blaCTX-M1-2, blaPER, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaOXA24-58 genes. Conclusions: The high frequency of blaOXA-23 and low frequency of blaTEM gene was observed that indicate prevalence of a variety of A. baumannii strains. The rates of resistance genes vary from region to region. Studies are required for the prevention and control of A. baumannii infection and to formulate the strategies of antibiotic usage.

scholarly journals Prevalence of E. coli ST131 among Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates from Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dhifar Raa’d Al-Guranie ◽  
Sareaa Maseer Al-Mayahie
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Acute Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
St131 Clone

The emergence of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (E. coli ST131) clone represents a major challenge to public health globally, since this clone is reported as highly virulent and multidrug-resistant, thus making it successfully disseminated worldwide. In Iraq, there is no previous study dealing with this important clone, so this project was suggested to investigate its presence within uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) from Iraqi patients in Wasit Province. A total of 112 UPEC isolates from cases of acute urinary tract infection (UTI) were analysed for phylogenetic groups by quadruplex PCR; then, these isolates were investigated for E. coli ST131 clone by both conventional and real-time PCR procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The results revealed that, out of 112 UPEC isolates, 38 (33.9%) belonged to phylogroup B2. For conventional PCR, 92.1% (35/38) of B2 E. coli isolates were positive for E. coli ST131, of which 34 were O25b-ST131 strain and 1 was O16-ST131 strain. However, serogroups O25b and O16 represented 17.1% and 2.8%, respectively. By RT-PCR assay, 15.1% (17/112) and 44.7% (17/38) of total and B2 E. coli isolates were confirmed as being E. coli ST131, respectively. The highest resistance rates of E. coli ST131 isolates were against the β-lactams, while low resistance rates were against amikacin, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin. Fortunately, all isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Moreover, 52.9% (9 out of 17) of E. coli ST131 isolates were MDR. In conclusion, the presence of E. coli ST131 among UPEC isolates from Iraqi patients is confirmed with high resistance to most antimicrobials included in this study.

scholarly journals Detection of CTX-M-type ESBLs from Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0682 ◽  
Author(s):  
MKK Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Rates

The present study aims to detect CTX-M-type ESBL from Escherichia coli clinical isolates and to analyze their antibotic susceptibility patterns. One hundred of E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical samples from a tertiary hospital. ESBL positivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. PCR used for amplification of CTX-M-type ESBL produced by E. coli. Out of 100 E. coli isolates, twenty-four isolates (24%) were ESBL-producers. E. coli isolated from pus was the most frequent clinical specimen that produced ESBL (41.66%) followed by urine (34.21%), respiratory (22.23%), and blood (19.05%).  After PCR amplification of these 24 isolates, 10 (41.66%) isolates were found to possess CTX-M genes. The CTX-M type ESBL producing E. coli against antibiotics belonging to different families showed the highest resistance rates to Ampicillin (100%), Cefotaxime (97%), Cefuroxime (95%), and Ciprofoxacin (86%). Carbapenem groups of antibiotics, Meropenem (89%) and Imipenem (85%) have the highest susceptibility rate among all antibiotics used in this study. The outcome of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of significant CTX-M- type ESBL producing E. coli could be useful to avoid failure or prolong treatments.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular characterizations of multidrug-resistant diarrheagenic E. coli of calf origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Yue ◽  
Zecai Zhang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yulong Zhou ◽  
Chenhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

AbstractEscherichia coli has become one of the most important causes of calf diarrhea. The aim of this study is to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from six cattle farms and to identify prominent resistance genes and virulence genes among the strains isolated from the diarrhea of calves. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method, and PCR was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli was 77.8% in dairy cattle and 63.6% in beef cattle. There were high resistance rates to penicillin (100%, 100%) and ampicillin (96.3%, 86.4%) in E. coli from dairy cattle and beef cattle. Interestingly, resistance rate to antimicrobials and distribution of resistance genes in E. coli isolated from dairy cattle were higher than those in beef cattle. Further analysis showed that the most prevalent resistance genes were blaTEM and aadA1 in dairy cattle and beef cattle, respectively. Moreover, seven diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, F41, K99 and STa) were present in the isolates from dairy cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 3.7% to 22.22%. Six diarrheagenic virulence genes (irp2, fyuA, Stx1, eaeA, hylA and F41) were identified in the isolates from beef cattle, with a prevalence ranging from 2.27% to 63.64%. Our results provide important evidence for better exploring their interaction mechanism. Further studies are also needed to understand the origin and transmission route of E. coli in cattle to reduce its prevalence.

Evaluating the prevalence of plasmid- mediated quinolone resistant and ESBL- production in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the commensal gut microbiota in pregnant women: A comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samane Mohebi ◽  
Soudeh Kholdi ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
zahra hashemizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fecal Flora ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: ß-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics are frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in E. coli from UTIs in comparison with the E. coli isolates from gut microbiota (fecal flora).Methods: A total of 54 E. coli urine isolates and 54 E. coli fecal flora isolates were collected from pregnant women (same host) from April to September 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by disk diffusion method. ESBLs were detected via double-disk test (DDST). ESBL and PMQR-encoding genes were identified, using PCR.Results: The highest resistance rate was found against nalidixic acid (42 isolates in urinary and 41 in fecal flora isolates) and the lowest resistance rate belonged to levofloxacin (23 isolates) and ofloxacin (25 isolates) in urinary and fecal flora isolates. The most prevalent PMQR genes were qnrS (29 isolates in urinary and 34 in fecal flora isolates) followed by qnrB, aac (6′)- Ib-cr and qnrA in urinary and fecal flora isolates. There was a significant association between qnrS gene and blaTEM in urinary and fecal flora isolates.Conclusions: Resistance to quinolones antibiotics was highest among fecal flora isolates, especially qnrS among other determinants of the qnr gene. In addition, it seems that high load of PMQR genes in commensal flora has a potential to spread to pathogenic organisms.

The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Zhou ◽  
Liying Sun ◽  
Xuejun Chen ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Prepubertal Girls

Abstract Background: To determine the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls and the antimicrobial resistance of H.influenzae strains isolated from vulval specimens.Methods: Isolates of H.influenzae from vulval swabs of prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis received at The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during 2016-2019 were studied. Vulval specimens were inoculated on Haemophilus selective chocolate agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method. A cefinase disk was used to detect β-lactamase. Results: A total of 4142 vulval specimens were received during the 4 years, 649 isolates of H. influenzae were isolated from 642 girls aged 6 months to 13 years, with a median of 5y. There were peaks of isolates from April to July seen in the vulval isolates. In total, the ampicillin resistance rate was 39.1% (250/640); 33.2% strains (211/636) were for β-lactamase-positive isolates, 6.6% strains (42/635) were β-lactamase-negative and ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) isolates. The resistance rates of H. influenzae isolates to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol were 26.4%, 21.8%, 24.8%, 1.7%, 1.0%, 0.2%, 0%, 47.7%, 10.2%, and 1.1%, respectively. MDR was present in 41 (6.4%) of the 642 H. influenzae isolates, with the most prevalent MDR phenotype of ampicillin-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-azithromycin resistance. Conclusions: H. influenzae is a common cause of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls. Laboratories should ensure that they include media appropriate for the isolation of H. influenzae. It’s worth noting of ampicillin resistance of H. influenzae in clinical management.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Uropathogens isolated from adult women with acute uncomplicated cystitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamaan Al-Zahrani ◽  
Khaled Al Dossari ◽  
Ahmed H. Gabr ◽  
Abul-fotouh Ahmed ◽  
Saad Abdulrahman Al Shahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis

Abstract Background To evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens isolated from adult women with acute community-acquired (CA) uncomplicated cystitis. Results Over a one-year period (May 2015–April 2016), the results of susceptibility testing of outpatient midstream urine samples from 5 different laboratories were prospectively evaluated. The study included only adult women with uncomplicated cystitis. The susceptibility testing in all laboratories was performed using the disk diffusion method with the VITEK-2 Compact system. The isolated uropathogens and their resistance to the tested antibiotics were evaluated. Out of 317 adult women with CA uncomplicated cystitis, 179 had a positive culture. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (E. coli) (70.4%), followed by Klebsiella (21.2%). The overall resistance rate was highest for ampicillin (85.6%), followed by cefalotin (56.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (54.7%), pipracillin (51.9%), nitrofurantoin (48.8%) and aztreonam (47.4%). Isolated E. coli strains were commonly resistant to ampicillin (80.5%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (72.2%) and aztreonam (71.4%), followed by cefalotin (55.9%). The overall ciprofloxacin resistance rate was 17.9%, and the resistent was found only with E. coli (25.4%). Conclusions Our results may aid in the selection of proper empiric antibiotic therapy for adult women with acute CA uncomplicated cystitis.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Non-Diphtheriae Corynebacterium Strains Isolated from Blood Cultures: First Report from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Özdemir ◽  
Okan Aydoğan ◽  
Fatma Köksal Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective: Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains have been recognized as important pathogens after decades of confusion regarding their microbiological classification and clinical significance. The aim of this study was to identify non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains and the prevalence of biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Method: In total, 126 non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains were isolated from blood cultures of inpatients with bacteremia in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. Blood cultures were analyzed with the Bactec-9120 system. Strains were identified using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on a Mueller-Hinton agar and evaluated according to EUCAST standards. Biofilm formation was assessed with the Congo Red Agar method. Results: Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium matruchotii were the most prevalent with 29 and 26 isolates, respectively. Biofilm production was detected in 62.06% (18/29) of C. striatum, in 53.8% (14/26) of C. matruchotii, in 50% (9/18) of Corynebacterium afermentans, 50% (6/12) of Corynebacterium amycolatum, and in 46% (7/15) of Corynebacterium jeikeium strains. Among the five most prevalent strains, we found a high biofilm rate of 54%. The resistance rates to penicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were 91.2%, 87.3%, 79.3%, 56.3%, 45.2%, and 39.6%, respectively. All 126 strains were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with bacteremia may have multidrug resistance and the ability to produce biofilm. These results emphasize the importance of identifying strains and determining their antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production potential.

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