scholarly journals The Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Environment: A Case Study of Fujian Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Qiao-Ling Jin ◽  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Factor Endowment ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The Impact

With the rapid development of international trade and the continuous deterioration of the environment worldwide, the issue of impact of trade on energy consumption and pollution emissions has drawn widespread attention of the international community. Theoretical circles have different views on the impact of trade liberalization on the environment. The hypotheses of “Pollution Haven” and “Environmental Factor Endowment” are both representative theories. Based on the revised input-output model, this paper estimates the trade embodied carbon emissions of import and export commodities in Fujian Province from 2008 to 2016. The results show that Fujian Province is a net export region with implicit carbon emissions, and there is a significant pollution surplus in international trade. But because the embodied carbon pollution per unit of imports is greater than the embodied carbon pollution per unit of exports, the terms of trade for carbon emissions are less than 1. Therefore, the hypothesis of “Environmental Factor Endowment” can explain the environmental impact of Fujian’s trade liberalization better than the “Pollution Haven”.

The impact of international trade on China׳s industrial carbon emissions since its entry into WTO

Energy Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 624-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenggang Ren ◽  
Baolong Yuan ◽  
Xie Ma ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Industrial Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Impact Factors of Embodied Carbon on Export Trade - Based on the Research of Liaoning Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 2310-2314
Author(s):  
Yong Hong Jiang ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Structure Effect ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Lmdi Method ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

This paper measures the amount of embodied carbon emissions of export trade in 2002, 2007 and 2012. Then by using LMDI method, it decomposes the impact factors on the measuring result of above years. It comes to a conclusion: the expansion of trade is the main factor that increased the embodied carbon emissions; the development of technology is the main factor that decreased the embodied carbon emissions; trade structure effect plays a limited role.

The Impact of Trade on Organization and Productivity*

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 1393-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Caliendo ◽  
Esteban Rossi-Hansberg
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Gains From Trade ◽  
Span Of Control ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A firm's productivity depends on how production is organized. To understand this relationship we develop a theory of an economy where firms with heterogeneous demands use labor and knowledge to produce. Entrepreneurs decide the number of layers of management and the knowledge and span of control of each agent. As a result, in the theory, heterogeneity in demand leads to heterogeneity in productivity and other firms' outcomes. We use the theory to analyze the impact of international trade on organization and calibrate the model to the U.S. economy. Our results indicate that, as a result of a bilateral trade liberalization, firms that export will increase the number of layers of management. The new organization of the average exporter results in higher productivity, although the responses of productivity are heterogeneous across these firms. Liberalizing trade from autarky to the level of openness in 2002 results in a 1% increase in productivity for the marginal exporter and a 1.8% increase in its revenue productivity. Endogenous organization increases the gains from trade by 41% relative to standard models.

Multilateral Trade Liberalization, Export Share in the International Trade Market and Aid for Trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna Kimm Gnangnon
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Export Share ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade Liberalization ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Market

This paper adds to the existing literature on the macroeconomic determinants of Aid for Trade (AfT). It investigates the impact of both multilateral trade policy liberalization and the export share of AfT-recipient countries in global trade market on the AfT amounts that accrue to these countries. Using a panel dataset comprising 133 AfT-recipient-countries, over the period 1995–2015, the empirical analysis shows that both the impact of multilateral trade policy liberalization and of the recipient countries’ export share in the world trade market on AfT depend on recipient-countries’ level of development as well as on their domestic trade policy. Additionally, in the context of multilateral trade liberalization, donors tend to reward recipient-countries’ effort to secure a higher export share in the international trade market.

China’s Urbanization and Carbon Emissions Peak

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550021
Author(s):  
Ying CHEN ◽  
Liyong LIU ◽  
Ying ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urbanization Development ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

With the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Urbanization has become a major factor that influences carbon emissions instead of a secondary factor due to more and more energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the economic activities related to urbanization. China is in a stage of rapid development of urbanization, and urban construction has a huge potential demand for steel and iron, cement, and other high energy-consuming products, and thus the development of urbanization in the future will bring great challenge to the realization of China’s carbon emissions peak. Through the exploration and the analysis of the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on carbon emissions and the experience of urbanization development in developed countries, this paper summarizes the general evolving rules of carbon emissions peak along with the development of urbanization, defines the present stage of our country and briefly analyzes the arrival of China’s carbon emissions peak in the future. During the process of China’s new-type urbanization development in the future, we should make a scientific planning integrated with low-carbon concept from the demographic, social, economic, spatial structure, technical, and other dimensions, in order to reduce the impact of urbanization development on carbon emissions and realize the carbon emissions peak of China early.

scholarly journals The Link between International Trade and China’s Economic Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Yiming Huang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<p> In the new era of the 21st century, with the vigorous development of human society, economy, and science and technology, the relationship between countries gradually tends to communicate and coexist. At present, countries all over the world have more frequent exchanges in the fields of economy, culture, politics and education. Globalization has been a new development trend of the international society, and international trade has become a key content of global resources, science and technology and cultural exchanges. At present, in the international community, globalization is not only reflected in the global economy, but also in all aspects of the regional economy. The important feature and outstanding essence of the development of international trade is the common development and mutual complement of regional economy and global economy. With the rapid development of Internet technology, the interaction between countries has become more frequent and convenient, and the orderly development of international trade has sufficient hardware support. In the current social environment, it is of practical significance to analyze and explain the relationship between international economic trade and China’s economic cycle fluctuations. Experimental research results show that since my country implemented the strategic policy of reform and opening up, my country has always developed economic development channels based on the idea of cooperating with multiple parties. Although in the international trade environment, there are many risks, but our country is moving forward under the guidance of the ideological policy of cooperation with multiple parties. It can be said that the impact of international trade on domestic economic cycle fluctuations has both positive and negative effects. It is necessary to establish a development strategy that conforms to the development of my country’s economic cycle through the study of objective conditions and actual conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Trade Liberalization and its Environmental Impact in India: An Empirical Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Ranjan Aneja ◽  
Ummed Singh
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Pollution Haven Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industry Level Data

The debate on the impact of trade on environment is pertinent considering the increasing volume of trade among world nations and the changes in environmental quality. In India, this increase was higher because of the gradual lifting of the quantitative restrictions and reduction in tariffs after trade liberalization in 1991. The pollution haven effect occurs when trade liberalization, coupled with lax environmental regulations results in increasing economic activities in pollution intensive industries. Using industry level data for the period 1998-2008, for fifty eight manufacturing industries in India, this paper looks at output and export trends and attempts to examine, whether trade liberalization is associated with a shift in production and exportation towards pollution intensive goods industries (pollution haven effect). Manufacturing output has been significantly higher from the water pollution intensive sectors compared to the air and toxic pollution intensive sectors. This evidence provides some support for concerns that there is significant contribution in production of manufacturing industries from dirty industries. The results of the study suggest that while trade liberalization measures have been pursued to promote economic growth in India but they have led to some potentially adverse environmental consequences.

scholarly journals Comercio internacional libre y las consecuencias para las áreasrurales europeas

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Bureau
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Trade Opening ◽  
The Impact

<span>General equilibrium models estimated by various authors and institutions show that, although trade liberalization leads to aggregate welfare gains, there are winners and losers. The aim of this article is to determine to what extent rural regions have won or lost in the trade opening process that has been underway since the 1990s. The economic literature on international trade and regional development suggests the presence of opposing forces, making the global impact of international trade liberalization on rural areas ambiguous. Using a series of empirical studies, the author assesses the impact of trade opening on the European regions, observing a significant proportion of losers in the trade liberalization process among the rural regions of Europe. The article concludes with an analysis of the negative effects of welfare losses on the environment and territorial ordering in many rural regions, and suggests the need to address the problem by modifying current EU policies.</span>

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