scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTION OF WASTE-PICKERS AND RISK-PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOUR FROM SELECTED DUMPSITES IN OGUN STATE NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
A. M. Amosu ◽  
A. Tella
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Risk ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Waste Pickers

Waste-pickers experience situations which place them at high risk of developing morbidities mainly external and internal injuries. The present study investigated the waste-pickers perception of waste-handling and risk-protective behavior from chosen dumpsites in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and a multi-stage sampling technique, this was used to choose 60 waste-pickers. A structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Educated waste-pickers had elementary education. The time interval of waste-picking ranged from 1 to 15 years. The majority of the waste-pickers had a poor perception of waste-handling. The majority of the waste-pickers had poor risk-protective behavior. Only 9(15%) reported using personal protective gears every time. The waste-pickers reported that they used the following PPEs; long sleeve shirt 46(22.0%) and trousers 51(24.4%). However, few used trousers 51(24.4%); boot/shoe 43(20.6%) and cap 24(11.5%). Fifty percent of the waste-pickers reported that they washed up after the day’s job. In conclusion, the waste-pickers had poor perception and poor risk-protective behavior. This study recommends that policy makers and charity organizations should educate waste-pickers on the importance of using protective gears and proper waste-handling.

scholarly journals Caffeine Consumption & Perception of Its Effects Amongst University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Umer Maqsood ◽  
Roop Zahra ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Hena Athar ◽  
Gul Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Introduction: A variety of research studies have shown that caffeine usage is highly prevalent among university students and many of them have different perception of its effect on their mental and physical health. These perceptions can influence the intake of caffeine which may lead to its addiction, resulting in serious public health consequences. Aims & Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of caffeine consumption and the perception of its effects among university students. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted within 6 months duration, from May 2018 to October 2019 among students of three private universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Material & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample size of 670 university students was taken and the data were collected from three private universities of Lahore through convenience sampling technique. The perception of effects of caffeine was determined through a pre-validated questionnaire, Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ) from consumers and nonconsumers of caffeine. Results: A total of 670 university students participated in the study, out of which, 278 (41.5%) were males and 392 (58.5%) were females. 506 (75.5%) participants were consumer of caffeine, while 164 (24.5%) were non consumer. The occurrence of caffeine consumption was more in males (79.9%) than in females (72.4%). Participants reported that they consume caffeine because it makes them feel more alert (83.4%), they experience caffeine withdrawal without caffeine (83%) and caffeine makes them feel more energetic (80.6%). The perceptions due to which participants don't consume caffeine were that they expect caffeine makes their heartbeat irregular (81.7%), they don't like the way caffeine makes them feel (80.5%) and caffeine makes them irritable (76.8%). Conclusion: The study concludes that male students had more tendencies towards caffeine consumption than females. Perceptions for consuming caffeine were feeling of alertness, experiencing caffeine withdrawal symptoms, feeling of energy and ability to work over long periods of time after having caffeine. The perceptions for not consuming caffeine were irregular heartbeat, bad feelings, irritability, and sleep disturbances.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic among medical students of Ernakulam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Jacob Davies Kalliath ◽  
Anuradha Kizhatil ◽  
Brilly M Rose ◽  
Ann Mary Kuncheria ◽  
Alexander John
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: COVID – 19 infection is a serious pandemic the world is now facing. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 infection among medical students at a private medical college in central Kerala.  Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted during April-May 2020 in a private medical college in Ernakulam District using the Universal sampling technique. The study tool was a semi-structured validated questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: A total of 288 students were included in the study, with a mean age of 21±1.4. The male-to-female ratio was 2.75:1. Medical students showed adequate knowledge (81.6%), attitude (91.3%), and practice (84.7%) towards the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection were known to at least 83% of the participants. The majority (85.4%) were aware that there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 infection and 90% were aware of the main modes of the disease transmission. The majority (99%) of the medical students believed that COVID-19 infection could be prevented through social distancing, wearing masks, and the practice of self-hygiene. About 75.6% believed that government measures for prevention are adequate. Steam inhalation, saline gargling, and consumption of vitamin C-rich foodstuffs were the main specific measures adopted. Older age and female gender were found to be associated with better knowledge. Conclusion: Adequate KAP levels among medical students in this study are attributable to the current lockdown and the strict government measures to contain the infection.

scholarly journals Dyspepsia Drug Use Pattern of Outpatients in a Public Health Center in Batununggal District Bandung

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Linda Purnamawati Suherman ◽  
Pudjiastuti Kartidjo ◽  
Iis Rukmawati ◽  
Vina Septiani ◽  
Fazrin Azzura
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center

Dyspepsia is a condition of pain in the epigastrium and a burning sensation that radiates to the chest. Dyspepsia occupies the 10th position in the 20 largest non-communicable diseases in a Public Health Center in Bandung. The heterogeneous symptoms and the absence of specific treatments can lead to irrational treatment. The research objective is to determine the pattern of drug use in patients with dyspepsia, including the right indication, the proper drug selection, the correct dose, and the proper interval of administration in a Public Health Center in Batununggal District Bandung. This study was an observational study using a cross-sectional study design that was descriptive in nature. The sampling technique employed the purposive sampling method retrospectively. The research was conducted on 104 patients diagnosed with dyspepsia with comorbidities and receiving drugs at an Outpatient Clinic in a Public Health Center in Batununggal District Bandung from January-March 2020. There were 38 male patients (36.538%) and 66 female patients (63.462%). The majority of patients were aged 56-65 years (28.846%). The most used drug class was antacids (60.448%), and the dosage form that was mostly used was tablets (40.299%). The most used single drug was antacids (51.923%), while the most used drug combination was antacids and omeprazole (23.077%). The accuracy of drug selection and the accuracy of indications were 100% correct, the accuracy of the dosage was 59.62% correct, the accuracy of the time interval for drug administration was 71% correct, and the accuracy of the duration of drug administration was 9.62% correct.

scholarly journals Socio-epidemiological study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under five children in rural Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Dhriti Chugh ◽  
Ashish Patyal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Medha Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Study Population

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India and is rightfully described as “the silent emergency.” Sociocultural factors and rural urban disparity in health services in our country further impact the health outcomes. The effects of malnutrition are long-term and trap generations in the vicious circle of poverty. Improving nutrition is therefore essential to accelerate economic growth and development of the country.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 200 under five children residing in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan. Random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data, birth history, Anganwadi beneficiary status etc. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and heights were recorded and classified as underweight, wasted and stunted, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.Results: This study revealed that 58% of the study population was stunted, 45% was wasted, 54% was underweight and 5% was overweight of the study population was overweight. Regarding the association of malnutrition parameters with other factors, it was found that malnutrition was high among female children, lower socioeconomic class, children of low educated mothers and children who were not exclusively breast fed.Conclusions: To combat malnutrition in India, there is need of multifaceted approach, taking into account the sociocultural determinants, demographic variables, especially in rural areas. In addition to providing supplementary nutrition, innovations regarding specific interventions targeted towards vulnerable population is necessary.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determining Factors of Stunting among School-Aged Children in a Rural Nigerian Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Adaobi Mary-Ann Okafor ◽  
Chinaza Mary Ikwumere ◽  
Uchechukwu Dominica Egumgbe ◽  
Chidimma Bibian Eze ◽  
Chiamaka Glory Obitulata
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Determining Factors

Stunting, an indicator of chronic childhood under-nutrition, is a challenging community health issue among rural Nigerian school children. This study assessed the prevalence and determining factors of stunting among school-aged children (SAC) in a rural Nigerian community. Three hundred and eighty SAC from government primary schools in Achi, Oji-River Local Government Area, Enugu state were selected for the study using multistage sampling technique. Structured and validated questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and biochemical assessments of serum zinc, presence of malaria and intestinal parasites were used for data collection.Stunting, underweight, thinness and overweight prevalence were 21.1%, 17.0%, 16.6% and 10.0%, respectively. Zinc deficiency, malaria and intestinal parasitemia existed in 12.5%, 27.5% and 35.0%, respectively. SAC who were males, 6-8 years, of the third birth order, underweight, overweight, zinc deficient and had intestinal parasitemia had higher odds of being stunted. Having secondary education, farming as an occupation and low monthly income among the mothers; nuclear family system and household size of ≥ 9 were other determinants of stunting observed in the study. These findings suggest the need for targeted intervention against the major determinants of stunting in the area.

scholarly journals Learning styles preferences among graduate and undergraduate pharmacy students in Pakistan: Does it matter?

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Madeeha Malik ◽  
Mahjabeen Ahmad ◽  
Azhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Aural Learning ◽  
Common Learning

Introduction: The quality of student learning depends on the approaches that are used for learning. An association exists between different learning methodologies and learning outcomes. Objective: The present study was designed to assess preferences for different learning styles among pharmacy students in Islamabad, Pakistan. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A self-administered pre-validated questionnaire VARK version 8.0 was distributed to 387 undergraduate students from both public and private pharmacy schools located in Islamabad and 100 graduate students selected from public sector pharmacy schools using the convenience sampling technique. After data collection, it was cleaned, coded, and analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results of the present study showed that the most common learning style among graduate students was Aural (Total Score = 492), followed by kinesthetic (Total Score = 467), read/write (Total Score = 351), and visual (Total Score = 290). On the other hand, the most common learning style among undergraduate students was Aural (Total score = 1926), followed by kinesthetic (Total score = 1859), read/write (Total score = 1241), and visual (Total score = 1166). Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded aural as the most preferred learning style followed by kinesthetic among both undergraduate and graduate pharmacy students. Graduate female pharmacy students showed more preference towards kinesthetic learning style as compared to graduate male students who showed more preference towards aural learning modality. However, both undergraduate and graduate male and female students preferred aural learning style. Identifying the learning style at the start of pharmacy degree can help mentors to assess the appropriate field for them after graduation. Moreover, information regarding such styles would be helpful for stakeholders to devise effective strategies for teaching and introduce changes accordingly into the curriculum.

scholarly journals Infant feeding practices among parturient women in rural communities of Anambra State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3216
Author(s):  
Oluchukwu Loveth Obiora ◽  
Pauline O. Ezenduka ◽  
Chuka Ifeanyi Umeonwuka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Infant feeding is an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers and their babies. However, various practices exist in different communities. It is therefore pertinent to know the infant feeding practices among rural dwellers, as well as the factors that influence them.Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey. A total of 372 volunteering parturient women were recruited using a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Ethical approval and respondents’ informed consent was obtained. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse data.Results: Findings revealed that majority (84.4%) of the respondents were aware of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), but only about half (50.5%) ever practiced exclusive breastfeeding. Also, a significant percentage of the respondents introduced complimentary feeding to the baby immediately after birth while 29.3% of participants reported drinking palm wine which is mainly alcoholic to stimulate breast milk secretion. Occupation of parturient women was associated with the practice of EBF (p=0.002).Conclusions: Almost half of our studied parturient women do not engage in EBF. There is need for health care workers to strategically educate parturient women and their significant others on the numerous benefits of exclusive breast feeding.

scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Imposter Syndrome among Medical Students of a Private Medical College

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ambreen Khalid ◽  
Adeela Shahid ◽  
Khalid Rahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Background: Students suffering from imposter syndrome/phenomenon (IP) consider themselves less competent and less skill full as compared to the abilities they actually possess. Although previous research has identified different causes of stress and burnout less research has been conducted to determine the frequency of imposter syndrome among medical undergraduate students. Objectives: (1) To determine the frequency and the degree of severity of Imposter syndrome among medical students. (2) To find out the association of Gender with imposter syndrome. (3) To evaluate the difference in the severity of imposter syndrome between 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore. A convenient sampling technique was used. The study instrument used was a validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5 points Likert scale. By adding up the score, the degree of severity is determined. Frequencies & percentages were determined, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and 40 students filled the IP Scale questionnaire. The frequency of imposter syndrome was 53.3% among medical students. The majority (85%) of the medical students had frequent to intense imposter characteristics. A higher number of female students was affected by imposter phenomenon as compared to males. Greater number of 1st-year students were suffering from imposter syndrome as compared to 2nd-year students. Conclusions: Frequency of imposter syndrome was high among medical students. Its severity ranges from moderate to frequent IP categories in majority of students. Female students were affected more as compared to their male counterparts.

scholarly journals Difference in the Characteristics of Imposter Syndrome in Dental Students of Preclinical and Clinical Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Munsara Khalid Khan ◽  
Khalid Rahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: People suffering from imposter syndrome despite being competent consider themselves less skillful and incapable. Such individuals are also more prone to regret their choice of career with consequent early drop out, experience burnout, more prone to medical errors, absenteeism and low job satisfaction.  The current study aims to determine the difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome in dental students of preclinical and clinical phase and its gender predisposition. Objectives: 1. To find out the frequency and characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students. 2. To evaluate the differences in the characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students of preclinical and clinical year. 3. To determine gender predisposition of imposter syndrome among dental students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 dental students of CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College. A validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data by convenient sampling technique. The characteristics of IP were determined by adding the scores of all items. Descriptive statistics were done, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight students filled the IP Scale. The frequency of imposter syndrome is found to be 52.1% among Dental Students. Majority (72) of the dental students have frequent to intense imposter feelings. There is non-significant difference in the IP characteristics of male and female students. No significant difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome is found between dental students of preclinical and clinical year. Conclusions: There frequency of imposter syndrome is high among Dental students. Non-significant difference in the IP characteristics is found between male and female students as well as students of preclinical and clinical year.

scholarly journals Influence of Information Behaviour and Perceived Risks on Substance Use of Undergraduates in Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Ruth Onajite Owolabi ◽  
Adebowale Ifeoluwa Ojo ◽  
Chinyere Nkechi Ikonne
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
University Management ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigated the influence of information behaviour and perceived risks on substance use among undergraduates in universities in Ogun State, Nigeria.The study adopted survey research design. The population comprised 82,809 undergraduates in 14 approved private, state and federal universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Krejcie and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size of 1,513 undergraduates. A two-stage random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The Cronbach‟s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.89 to 0.99. The response rate of 93.9% was achieved. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (multiple regression) statistics. Findings showed that information behaviour and perceived risks had no combined significant influence on substance use among undergraduates (Adj R2 = -.001, F(2, 1417)= .627, p>0.05). Additionally, among other findings, it was discovered that information behaviour had a significant influence on substance use among the undergraduates (R2= .022, β = .149, t(1,414)= 6.420, p<0.05 The study concluded that information behaviour and perceived risks did not jointly influence substance use. However, both information behaviour and perceived risks, on individual basis influenced substance use. The study recommended that university management and stakeholders should intensify efforts to increase awareness programs to eradicate substance use on university campuses. Intervention from World Health Organization.

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