The Effect of Age, Sex and Winter Severity on Return Rates and Apparent Survival in the Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis

Ardea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Rubáčová ◽  
Pavel Čech ◽  
Mária Melišková ◽  
Martin Čech ◽  
Petr Procházka
The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Fernández ◽  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank

AbstractTo estimate annual apparent local survival, we collected capture–resighting data on 256 individually marked male Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) wintering at Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico, between 1994–1997. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to address the effect of age class and year on survivorship rates. The best-fit model included a constant apparent survival probability (ϕ = 0.489; 95% CI = 0.410–0.569), but several models fit nearly as well, and averaging among the top five, to account for model uncertainty, suggested that adults had somewhat higher values than juveniles (ϕ = 0.490 ± 0.051 vs. 0.450 ± 0.067). Detection probability was substantially higher for adults than for juveniles (p = 0.741 vs. p = 0.537). Those apparent survival estimates are low compared with those from other studies of Western Sandpipers at breeding and other nonbreeding locations, and substantially lower than the true survivorship rates expected for small sandpipers in general. We interpret these results as indicating that this site is of below average quality for nonbreeding male Western Sandpipers.


2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Unsworth

This article investigates the effect of age of first exposure and the quantity and quality of input to which non-native acquirers (L2ers) are exposed in their acquisition of grammatical gender in Dutch. Data from 103 English-speaking children, preteens and adults were analysed for gender agreement on definite determiners. It was observed that although most learners regularly overgeneralized the common gender definite determiner de to neuter nouns, there also existed child and adult L2ers who consistently produced the target neuter determiner het with these nouns ( contra Carroll, 1989; Hawkins and Franceschina, 2004; Franceschina, 2005). Participants in all three groups produced het equally frequently with non-derived nouns as with diminutives, one of the few reliable morphophonological cues for neuter gender (compare Carroll, 1999). The present findings are evaluated in light of previous research (Hulk and Cornips, 2006a) suggesting that the quality of input to which L2ers are exposed may significantly affect their ability to proceed beyond the aforementioned stage of overgeneralization. Evidence for frequency effects and the observation that targetlike performance correlated with length of exposure suggests that quantity of input is a significant factor in the acquisition of Dutch gender. This is to be expected if the acquisition of gender is for a large part word-learning (Carroll, 1989; Montrul and Potowski, 2007)


2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
René McKibbin ◽  
Christine A. Bishop

We studied return rates, site fidelity, dispersal, and survivorship of an endangered population of the Western Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens auricollis) in the southern Okanagan River valley, British Columbia, between 2001 and 2007. Between 2001 and 2006, we banded a total of 75 adults and 385 nestlings. Apparent survival for male Western Yellow-breasted Chats banded as adults was 65%, and survival and recapture were constant across time. Other results were as follows: 44% of males and 13% of females banded as adults were re-sighted during the period 2002–2007; 33% of males and 10% of females were re-sighted the year after they were banded; 31% of males and 10% of females had fidelity to the study site where they were banded as adults; 10% of Western Yellow-breasted Chats banded as nestlings returned and, of these, 62% of males and 54% of females returned to their natal study site to breed. The dispersal distance for males banded as adults (n = 5) that did not return to their sites ranged from 6.4 km to 42.9 km. Natal dispersal ranged from 2.5 km to 15.6 km for males (n = 7) and 2.3 km to 2.6 km for females (n = 2); 16 males and 7 females banded as nestlings did not disperse. These findings contrast with predictions that species at the northern limit of their range will have low site fidelity and return rates and higher dispersal distances than passerine populations at the core of their range.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thadeu Sobral-Souza ◽  
Ronaldo Bastos Francini ◽  
Murilo Guimarães ◽  
Woodruff Withman Benson

Although tropical insect populations are generally regarded as constant and stable over time, some of these tropical populations, including butterflies, may fluctuate according to precipitation and temperature variation, specialized feeding patterns, and density-dependent factors. Heliconiini butterfly populations are generally regarded as stable over time because of the presence of host-plants and absence of diapause. However, peaks of abundance occur in subtropical Heliconius populations, and opposite trends concerning stability are found in the literature. Here we further investigate the dynamics of subtropical Heliconius butterflies by assessing a population of the species Heliconius sara apseudes from southeastern Brazil. We estimated individual apparent survival probability and population growth rate while accounting for the imperfect detectability of individuals using mark-recapture models to evaluate the population dynamics. Adult males presented slightly higher weekly survival estimates than females. Contrary to the common pattern described in the literature for Heliconius populations we observed a rapid decline on the adult population by the end of the mating season, possibly leading to local extinction. We discuss the potential drivers for such dynamics.


1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jardine ◽  
N.G. Martin

AbstractA genetic analysis of alcohol consumption in 3810 pairs of adult twins is reported. When no correction was made for age, individual environmental variance, including non-repeatable errors of reporting, accounted for approximately 44% of variation in both sexes. In females, there was no evidence of shared environmental effects and 56% of the variance was genetic in origin. In males, only 36% of the variance was genetic and common environmental effects accounted for the remaining 20% of individual differences.For females, the results for younger (30 years and under) and older (over 30) twins were similar. For males, however, the effect of age was striking. In younger male twins over 60% of the variance was genetic in origin, with the remaining variance due to environmental influences unique to the indiviudal. In older twins genetic differences do not appear to be important, with approximately 50% of the total variance due to individual environmental differences and the remaining 50% due to the effect of the common family environment. Our results suggest that both age and sex need to be considered when analysing the causes of variation in alcohol consumption.


The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett K. Sandercock ◽  
Tamás Székely ◽  
András Kosztolányi

AbstractAccurate estimates of annual survival are necessary for conservation of threatened species of migratory birds. We studied a large, stable population of Kentish Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) breeding in southern Turkey (36°43′N, 35°03′E) for five breeding seasons (1996–2000). Kentish Plovers of Eurasia and the conspecific Snowy Plover of North America are a species of conservation concern. We captured 2077 birds, and used time since marking models to estimate apparent survival (ϕ) and encounter rates (p) for juvenile and adult plovers. Return rates of young banded in their natal year were low (4%, 52 of 1176) and most philopatric young were recaptured as yearlings (69%, 36 of 52). Low return rates of shorebird young can be attributed to post-hatching mortality if apparent survival rates are ranked: chicks < fledglings = adults. We were unable to separate mortality from dispersal because apparent survival was ranked: chicks (ϕ̂1 = 0.08) < fledglings (ϕ̂1 = 0.15) < adults after banding (ϕ̂1 = 0.59) < adults in later intervals (ϕ̂2+ = 0.64). Time since marking models gave improved estimates of the apparent survival of adults that were higher than return rates in other populations of Kentish Plovers, but lower than estimates of apparent survival for other Charadrius plovers. Sex-biased mating opportunities in Kentish Plovers were not explained by biased sex ratios at hatching or differential apparent survival among adults. Instead, male-biased adult sex ratios were explained, in part, by differential survival of juveniles and by higher encounter rates among adult males (p̂ = 0.84) than females (p̂ = 0.74). Our baseline estimates of apparent survival will assist assessments of population viability for Kentish and Snowy Plovers throughout their geographic range.Efectos de la Edad y del Sexo sobre la Supervivencia Aparente de Charadrius alexandrinus en Áreas de Cría en el Sur de TurquíaResumen. Contar con estimaciones exactas de la supervivencia anual es necesario para la conservación de las aves migratorias amenazadas. Estudiamos una población grande y estable de Charadrius alexandrinus en un área de cría del sur de Turquía (36°43′N, 35°03′E) durante cinco épocas reproductivas (1996–2000). Charadrius alexandrinus es una especie con un estado de conservación preocupante tanto en Eurasia como en Norte América. En este estudio capturamos 2077 aves y empleamos modelos del tiempo transcurrido desde el marcado para estimar las tasas de supervivencia aparente (ϕ) y de encuentro (p) para individuos juveniles y adultos. Las tasas de regreso de juveniles anillados a su área de nacimiento fueron bajas (4%, 52 de 1176), y la mayoría de los individuos filopátricos fueron recapturados cuando tenían un año de edad (69%, 36 de 52). Las bajas tasas de regreso de los pichones de aves playeras pueden deberse a mortalidad post-eclosión si las tasas de supervivencia aparente son menores en los pichones que en los volantones y adultos, y si estos dos últimos tienen tasas de supervivencia similares. No estuvimos en capacidad de distinguir entre mortalidad y dispersión debido a que la supervivencia aparente fue mínima en los pichones (ϕ̂1 = 0.08) y subsecuentemente mayor en volantones (ϕ̂1 = 0.15), en adultos luego de ser marcados (ϕ̂1 = 0.59) y en adultos en intervalos posteriores (ϕ̂2+ = 0.64). Los modelos basados en el tiempo transcurrido desde el marcado arrojaron mejores estimados de la supervivencia aparente de los adultos. Estos estimados fueron mayores que las tasas de regreso estimadas para otras poblaciones de C. alexandrinus, pero menores que la supervivencia aparente estimada para otras especies de Charadrius. Las oportunidades de apareamiento sesgadas de acuerdo al sexo observadas en C. alexandrinus no se explicaron por cocientes de sexos sesgados al momento de la eclosión, ni por diferencias en la supervivencia aparente de individuos adultos. En cambio, los cocientes de sexos sesgados hacia los machos evidentes en los adultos se explicaron en parte por diferencias en la supervivencia de los juveniles y por tasas de encuentro mayores entre machos adultos (p̂ = 0.84) en comparación con las hembras (p̂ = 0.74). Nuestros estimados de la supervivencia aparente representan una base que contribuirá a examinar la viabilidad de las poblaciones de C. alexandrinus a través de su rango de distribución.


The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. DiQuinzio ◽  
Peter W. C. Paton ◽  
William R. Eddleman ◽  
J. Brawn

Abstract We investigated site fidelity and apparent survival in a promiscuous population of Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus) in southern Rhode Island. Based on capture–recapture histories of 446 color-banded sparrows studied from 1993 to 1998 at our primary study site, Galilee, we observed significant variation in apparent survival rates among years, but not between sexes. Return rates of adult males (37.6%) and females (35.6%) were not significantly different during any year. Juveniles exhibited high return rates, ranging from 0 to 44%, with males (61% of returns) more likely to return than females (35%). In addition, we monitored movements of 404 color-banded sparrows at nine satellite marshes in 1997 and 1998, which supported our findings at Galilee and documented intermarsh movements by 10% of all banded birds. Lack of gender-bias in adult dispersal and strong natal philopatry of sparrows in Rhode Island occurs regularly among passerines possessing a variety of mating systems. Despite emancipation from parental and resource defense duties, adult male Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows exhibited apparent survival rates similar to adult females. Availability of high-quality breeding habitat, which is patchy and saturated, may be the most important factor limiting dispersal for Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows in Rhode Island.


Author(s):  
Blanca Fernández-Eslava ◽  
Daniel Alonso ◽  
David Galicia ◽  
Juan Arizaga

AbstractCarotenoid staining has been repeatedly shown to serve as a sexually selected individual quality signal. In different species, individuals that show brighter carotenoid-based signals have been found to have superior feeding abilities, recover faster from disease, and generally enjoy better body condition. In the common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), the colour has also been related to the different populations, with northern and central European populations being described as redder than those in the Mediterranean region. A study in the Pyrenees showed that long-winged individuals had lower apparent survival, and the proportion of red individuals was higher in long-winged birds, concluding that they could be nomadic birds (that travel long distances). A priori, if the red crossbills are more mobile than the yellow and orange ones, their apparent survival will be lower. However, in our study, red males showed a greater survival than males of other colours and almost double than that of the yellow ones. These results suggest that red coloration is linked to higher quality individuals regardless of their mobility.


The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Fisher ◽  
Karen L. Wiebe

Abstract Although many forestry management strategies rely on population estimates of indicator species such as woodpeckers (Picidae), empirical estimates of demographic parameters within this taxon are few. We used program MARK to assess influences of age and sex on apparent survival of adult Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus) from a six-year mark-recapture study. The top model suggested no differences in apparent survival between the sexes with an overall survival estimate of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.38–0.48). Other models suggested that recapture efficiency differed between the sexes (males: 0.87; females: 0.78), perhaps because males were more philopatric to nest sites. We suggest that high parental investment by male flickers relative to other taxa such as passerines may lead to relatively equal mortality rates between the sexes, rather than the common pattern of female-biased mortality. Survival rates relative to age were constant at least up to the age of three years. Overall, flickers appear to have lower survival than some other woodpecker species and may invest relatively heavily in current reproduction.


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