scholarly journals Wrist and Forehead Temperature Measurement as Screening Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Imtinan Malawi ◽  
Thamer Alsohabani ◽  
Mashael Aleidan ◽  
Nawa Al shahrani ◽  
Adel Karairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Reading Methods ◽  
Temperature Reading ◽  
Background Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Effect ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Two Temperature

Background: Temperature screening checkpoints have become widely distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic, using various contactless methods of temperature measurement, including wrist and forehead measurement. Aim: In this study we aim to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of these two temperature measurement methods – wrist and forehead – compared with the standards of sublingual or axillary measurement. We also aim to investigate the influence of age, gender, device brand and diurnal effect on the temperature reading. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, each group using a different temperature measurement device. All participants had their forehead and wrist temperature measured, and this was compared to their axillary or sublingual readings. Results: The area under the curve for wrist measurement was 0.49 (95% CI 0.34 and 0.64), p>0.05, with a sensitivity of 46.2% and specificity of 53.3%, while the area under the curve for forehead measurement was 0.70 (95% CI 0.51, 0.89), p<0.05, with a sensitivity of 23.1% and specificity of 76.9%, PPV 1.59% and NPV 97.7%. Conclusion: Wrist and forehead temperature measurement is not accurate in detecting fever during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although forehead measurement is also not an ideal method, it nevertheless appears more consistent than wrist measurement.

Methods of temperature measurement in microwave heating technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Boris A. Lapshinov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Spectral Pyrometry

In industrial technological processes associated with the heating of the processed material by microwave radiation, it is necessary to measure the temperatures of objects. Methods for measuring temperatures in the fields of technology using microwave heating systems are considered. The main possibilities, disadvantages and limitations of the used contact and non-contact (optical) measurement methods are determined. The requirements for temperature measurement systems under conditions of exposure to strong electromagnetic fields are listed. The possibilities of the spectral pyrometry method are especially noted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from 14 Cities in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3642-3649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Sun ◽  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Yudong Liu ◽  
Chunjiang Zhao ◽  
Wright W. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Screening Cascade

ABSTRACT The prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among 1,012 vancomycin-susceptible methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus isolates collected from 14 cities in China from 2005 to 2007 was 13 to 16%, as determined by a combination of (i) measurement by the modified population analysis profile-area under the curve method (PAP-AUC) and (ii) estimation from the measured sensitivity and specificity of a screening method. Two hundred isolates from blood were chosen as a subset for measurement of the sensitivities and the specificities of several previously described screening methods by using the results of PAP-AUC as the reference. During this testing, one isolate was found to be a vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strain so was not used in the evaluation of the screening tests. Of the other 199 isolates, 26 (13.1%) were hVISA, as assessed by PAP-AUC. A screening cascade of culturing the isolates on brain heart infusion agar containing teicoplanin (5 mg/liter) and then subjecting the positive isolates to a macro-Etest method was applied to the 812 non-blood isolates, yielding 149 positive results. From these results and by adjusting for sensitivity (0.423) and specificity (0.861), the prevalence was estimated to be 15.7%. The precision of that estimate was assessed by reapplying the screening cascade to 120 randomly selected isolates from the 812 non-blood isolates and simultaneously determining their heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility status by PAP-AUC. Because PAP-AUC is impractical for use with large numbers of isolates, the screening-based estimation method is useful as a first approximation of the prevalence of hVISA. Of the 27 VISA or hVISA isolates from blood, 22.2% and 74.1% were staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec types II and III, respectively, while 77.8% and 22.2% were agr type 1 and agr type 2, respectively; the MIC ranges were 0.5 to 4 mg/liter for vancomycin and 0.25 to 1 mg/liter for daptomycin.

scholarly journals Urine α-fetoprotein and orosomucoid 1 as biomarkers of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. G305-G312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhan ◽  
Yalan Guan ◽  
Kenley Mew ◽  
Weiqiong Zeng ◽  
Mingli Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Analysis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Urine Reagent Strips ◽  
Better Than

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth common malignant tumor worldwide, but current efficient and convenient screening methods remain lacking. This study aimed to discover a diagnostic or a screening biomarker from the urine of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients. We used iTRAQ coupled with mass spectrometry to identify candidate urinary proteins in a discovery cohort ( n = 40). The selected proteins were confirmed using ELISA in a validation cohort ( n = 140). Diagnostic performance of the selected proteins was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and qualitative diagnostic analysis. A total of 96 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Urinary α-fetoprotein (u-AFP) and orosomucoid 1 (u-ORM1) were selected as target proteins by bioinformatics analysis and were significantly higher in HCC than in non-HCC patients, as validated by Western blot analysis and ELISA. u-AFP had a strong correlation with serum AFP-L3 (Pearson’s r = 0.944, P < 0.0001), indicating that u-AFP may be derived from circulating blood. The area under the curve (AUC) of u-AFP was 0.795 with a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 95.4%, which showed no significantly difference with serum AFP (se-AFP). The AUC was 0.864 as u-AFP and u-ORM1 were combined, and they performed much better than u-AFP or u-ORM1 alone. Qualitative diagnostic analysis showed that the positive predictive value of u-AFP was 90.1% and the diagnostic sensitivity of parallel combination of u-AFP and u-ORM1 was 85.1%. Taken together, AFP and ORM1 in the urine may be used as a diagnostic or screening biomarker of HCC, and studies on large samples are needed to validate the result. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides a novel way to find biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a new perspective of α-fetoprotein clinical application. The urine reagent strips may be helpful in high epidemic areas of HCC and in low-resource settings.

Assessing Diabetic Foot Infections With the ThermoScale: A Comparative Thermometry Device Designed as a Patient Self-Screening Tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462094830
Author(s):  
Laure Arts ◽  
Johan De Neve ◽  
Samira Baharlou ◽  
Nathalie Denecker ◽  
Laura Kerselaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is an important risk factor for amputation, and late diagnosis or referral is often incriminated for poor outcome. To enable an earlier diagnosis of DFI, comparative foot thermometry has been suggested as a self-screening method for patients in a home setting. We validated the efficacy of the ThermoScale, a weighing scale outfitted with temperature sensors that allows accurate temperature measurement in both feet. Temperature differentials in DFI patients (n = 52) were compared with a control group of similar diabetic patients (n = 45) without any foot wounds. Based on these findings, we drafted a receiver operating characteristic curve to determine an area-under-the-curve of 0.8455. This value suggests that the ThermoScale, as a diagnostic test, is reasonably accurate. A cutoff value of 2.15 °C temperature difference corresponded with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 61.5%. As wearables, portable health electronics, and telemedicine become increasingly popular, we think that comparative temperature measurement technology is valuable in improving early diagnosis of DFIs.

Temperature Measurement Methods During Direct Heat Arterial Tissue Fusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2552-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Cezo ◽  
Eric Kramer ◽  
Kenneth D. Taylor ◽  
Virginia Ferguson ◽  
Mark E. Rentschler
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Tissue Fusion ◽  
Arterial Tissue

scholarly journals A current analysis of caregivers’ approaches to fever and antipyretic usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Polat ◽  
Soner Kara ◽  
Hasan Tezer ◽  
Anıl Tapısız ◽  
Okşan Derinöz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Children's Caregivers

Introduction: The aim of this survey was to investigate the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of febrile children’s caregivers about fever, antipyretic usage, and temperature measurement methods in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A 41-item questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of febrile children’s caregivers in face-to-face interviews by two research assistants from January 2012 through June 2012 in an urban region of Turkey. Results: A total of 1,032 caregivers completed the interview. Approximately one-third of caregivers considered a temperature of less than 37.8°C (100°F) to be a fever, and 13% of all respondents would give antipyretics for a body temperature ≤ 37.8°C. Furthermore, 76% of parents would wake their children from sleep to administer antipyretics. Although a high proportion (89.5%) of respondents believed that fever had harmful effects, 10.5% considered fever to be beneficial. Alternating use of acetaminophen and ibuprofen (44%) and giving antipyretics routinely (71%) before and after immunizations were common parental practices and generally advised by pediatricians. Parents with higher levels of education were more likely to consider fever to be beneficial and to treat fever with antipyretics, and less likely to seek medical attention for mild fever. Most caregivers stated that they were unsure about the right site (90%) and thermometer type (95%) for temperature measurement. Conclusions: Persistent fever anxiety and excessive antipyretic usage may be heightened by the lack of knowledge regarding accurate temperature measurement methods with digital thermometers in our population. Parental education may positively affect the approach to fever and antipyretic usage.

Effect of Fouling on Temperature Measurement Error and a Solution

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. I. Cho ◽  
B.-G. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Process Control System ◽  
Scale Layer ◽  
Automated Process Control System ◽  
Temperature Reading ◽  
Automated Process

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fouling on the accuracy of temperature measurement. When a thin scale layer is deposited on a temperature-measuring probe, the temperature reading can be in error by several degrees in spite of ± 0.1 K resolution of the probe. This erroneous temperature reading can pose a serious problem in the evaluation of heat exchanger performance and in the operation of an automated process control system.

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