scholarly journals Toxicity of brazilian medicinal plant extracts on Macrobrachium amazonicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Tainára Cunha Gemaque ◽  
Sérgio Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Daniele Salgueiro De Melo ◽  
Daniel Pereira Da Costa ◽  
Kleber Campos Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽  
The Media ◽  
Arrabidaea Chica ◽  
Croton Cajucara

Medicinal plants from Amazon have been commercialized for decades, but few scientific studies prove their effectiveness and safety in use in aquaculture activities. The objective of the present study was to use the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum to predict the toxicity of the natural extracts of nine medicinal plants viz pariri Arrabidaea chica, muirapuama Ptychopetalum olacoides, anauerá Licania macrophylla, barbatimão Ouratea hexasperma, faveira Vatairea guianensis, sacaca Croton cajucara, jacareúba Calophyllum brasilliense, pau d’arco Tabebuia sp. and verônica Dalbergia subcymosa, in concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. The media was prepared in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted with water. Ten post-larvae (0.5 ± 0.1 g) were added to each triplicate and, after 24 h, the mortalities were evaluated, with the results of median lethal concentration expressed as LC50-24h using the Probit statistical method. To obtain the concentrations of a common bioactive compound of plant extracts, the concentrations of flavonoids were analyzed using a methodology based on the formation of chromophores. The results of acute toxicity indicate variability in the toxic effects of medicinal plants, taking into account the concentration of total flavonoids, with the least toxic Tabebuia sp. (LC50 = 758.31 µg/mL) and the most toxic C. cajucara and V. guianensis (LC50 = 72.16 and 75.23 µg/mL), respectively. The extracts demonstrated lethality against M. amazonicum, which predicts toxicity and warns of its use them as herbal medicines. More studies must be carried out to determine other bioactive compounds in the plant extracts used since there is an unparalleled availability of chemical diversity.

scholarly journals MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HEALTH IN HUMAN HISTORY: FROM EMPIRICAL USE TO MODERN PHYTOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Miraldi ◽  
Giulia Baini
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
World Population ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Phytotherapy is the science that deals with the treatment and prevention of diseases through medicinal plants and herbal products. The use of herbs as medicine is the oldest form of healthcare known to humanity and has been used in all cultures throughout history. It is known that even today over 80% of the world population depends on herbal medicines. The quality of herbal medicines is believed to be directly related to its active principles, but herbal medicines can be variable in their composition. Therefore, it is necessary to use an extract that is well defined in its chemical composition and in the quantity of specific active principles; and actually, to obtain constant efficacy and safety, standardized medicinal plant extracts are being used. Clinically confirmed efficacy and best tolerability and safety of standardized or quantified medicinal plant extracts are the key for a successful phytotherapic approach.

scholarly journals Naja naja karachiensisEnvenomation: Biochemical Parameters for Cardiac, Liver, and Renal Damage along with Their Neutralization by Medicinal Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Muhammad Ubaid ◽  
Durr-e-Sabih ◽  
Ashif Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Naja Naja ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Significant Release

Naja naja karachiensisenvenomation was found to hit more drastically heart, liver, and kidneys. 400 μg/kg of venom-raised moderate serum levels of ALT (72±4.70 U/L,0.1>P>0.05), AST (157±24.24 U/L,0.1>P>0.05), urea (42±3.08 mg/dL,0.05>P>0.02), creatinine (1.74±0.03 mg/dL,0.01>P>0.001), CK-MB (21±1.5 U/L,0.05>P>0.02), and LDH (2064±15.98 U/L,P<0.001) were injected in experimental rabbits. However, lethality was enhanced with 800 μg/kg of venom in terms of significant release of ALT (86±5.0 U/L,0.05>P>0.02), AST (251±18.2 U/L,0.01>P>0.001), urea (57.6±3.84 mg/dL,0.02>P>0.01), creatinine (2.1±0.10 mg/dL,0.02>P>0.01), CK-MB (77±11.22 U/L,0.05>P>0.02), and LDH (2562±25.14 U/L,P≪0.001). Among twenty-eight tested medicinal plant extracts, onlyStenolobium stans(L.) Seem was found the best antivenom (P>0.5) compared to the efficacy of standard antidote (ALT=52.5±3.51 U/L, AST=69.5±18.55 U/L, urea=31.5±0.50 mg/dL, creatinine=1.08±0.02 mg/dL, CK-MB=09±0.85 U/L, and LDH=763±6.01 U/L). Other plant extracts were proved less beneficial and partly neutralized the toxicities posed by cobra venom. However, it is essential in future to isolate and characterize bioactive compound(s) fromStenolobium stans(L.) Seem extract to overcome the complications of snake bite.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plant Extracts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 838
Author(s):  
Laura Grațiela Vicaș ◽  
Mariana Eugenia Mureșan
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

The therapeutic benefits of medicinal plants are well known and have been collected as important data on ethnomedicine [...]

scholarly journals Medicinal plant extracts on the control of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Barbosa ◽  
G.L.D. Leite ◽  
E.R. Martins ◽  
V.A. D'avila ◽  
V.M Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Diabrotica Speciosa ◽  
Artemisia Verlotorum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of aqueous, alcoholic, and oil extracts from leaves of eight medicinal plants against Diabrotica speciosa prepared at five concentrations. The extracts that used commercial soybean oil as solvent showed the highest D. speciosa mortality due to the solvent itself, regardless of the used plants and their concentrations. Thus, commercial soybean oil was discarded as solvent since at these volumes it would cause serious phytotoxicity problems. After 24 hours of exposure of the pest to the extracts, the highest D. speciosa mortality values were observed for Copaifera langsdorfii and Chenopodium ambrosioides extracts, both in 5% alcohol, and Artemisia verlotorum, in 10% water. However, in the last mortality assessment (48 h), C. langsdorfii extract in 5% alcohol showed higher mortality of this pest, followed by C. ambrosioides extract in 5% alcohol, compared to the remaining plants.

scholarly journals BIO-CONTROL OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT UROPATHOGENS USING MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
VIGI CHAUDHARY ◽  
RAGHUVANSHI RK ◽  
NAVEEN CHAUDHARY ◽  
GAURAV SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of some medicinal plants used in Ayurveda in treating multiple drug-resistant human pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: Dried parts of six medicinal plants used in Ayurveda for treating UTI were Soxhlet extracted, and the extract was concentrated in vacuo. Various concentrations of the extract were tested for antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of multiple drug-resistant bacteria causing UTI. Results: Preliminary results showed the promising antibacterial effect of plant extracts. Escherichia coli, the most common pathogen associated with UTI, was susceptible to aqueous extracts of all the six medicinal plants. Conclusion: This study concluded that the medicinal plants used in Ayurveda to treat UTIs are effective against multiple drug-resistant uropathogens. Further study in this regard may lead to the identification of novel antimicrobial agent for treating multiple drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens.

scholarly journals A review of medicinal plants that modulate nitric oxide activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jillian Borchard ◽  
Lily Mazzarella ◽  
Kevin Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Nitric Oxide Signaling ◽  
Evolvulus Alsinoides ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

Modulation of nitric oxide (NO) may offer novel approaches in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. A strategy in the modulation of NO expression may be through the use of herbal medicines. We surveyed medicinal plant research that utilized multicomponent extracts similar to what is used in clinical phytotherapy or in commerce, for demonstrated effects on NO activity. SciFinder Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and BIOSIS were searched to identify human, animal, <em>in vivo</em>, <em>ex vivo </em>or <em>in vitro</em> research on botanical medicines, in whole or standardized form, that act on nitric oxide activity. iNOS was the most frequently investigated enzyme system and this system was up-regulated by many plant extracts, including, <em>Chicorium intybus, Cocos nucifera, Echinacea purpurea, Euonymus alatus, Ixeris dentate, Oldenlandia diffusa, Rhinacanthus nasutus, and Sida cordifolia. Many plant extracts down-regulated iNOS, including Centella asiatica, Dichroa Febrifuga, Echinacea purpurea, Evolvulus alsinoides, Fagonia cretica, Ginkgo biloba, Mollugo verticillata, Lactuca indica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Pueraria thunbergiana, and Taraxacum officinale</em>. The eNOS system was stimulated by <em>Eucommia ulmoides, Sida cordifolia</em>, and <em>Thymus pulegioides while Fagonia cretica, Rubia cordifolia</em> and <em>Tinospora cordifolia </em>down-regulated nNOS. Given the activity demonstrated by many of these herbal medicines, the increasing awareness of the effects of nitric oxide on a wide variety of disease processes and the growing incidence of these conditions in the population, further study of medicinal plants on nitric oxide signaling may lead to novel therapies and further insight into human physiology.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plant Extracts on Interactions between Transcription Factors and Target DNA Sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Lampronti ◽  
Mahmud T. H. Khan ◽  
Monica Borgatti ◽  
Nicoletta Bianchi ◽  
Roberto Gambari
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Target Dna

Several transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in governing the expression of different genes involved in the immune response, embryo or cell lineage development, cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, oncogenesis, repair and fibrosis processes and inflammation. As far as inflammation, TFs playing pivotal roles are nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), activator protein (AP-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and GATA-1 factors. All these TFs regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human disorders, particularly those with an inflammatory component. Since several medicinal plants can be employed to produce extracts exhibiting biological effects and because alteration of gene transcription represents a very interesting approach to control the expression of selected genes, this study sought to verify the ability of several extracts derived from Bangladeshi medicinal plants in interfering with molecular interactions between different TFs and specific DNA sequences. We first analyzed the antiproliferative activity of 19 medicinal plants on different human cell lines, including erythroleukemia K562, B lymphoid Raji and T lymphoid Jurkat cell lines. Secondly, we employed the electrophoretic mobility shift assay as a suitable technique for a fast screening of plant extracts altering the binding between NF-kB, AP-1, GATA-1, STAT-3, CREB and the relative target DNA elements.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity using medicinal plant extracts against pathogens of coffee tree

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Silva ◽  
P. E. Souza ◽  
F. P. Monteiro ◽  
M. L. O. Freitas ◽  
M. B. Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Etiological Agents

Generally, the medicinal plants have antifungal substances that can be used for the plant protection against phytopathogens. The objective of this study was to know the efficiency of aqueous extracts from medicinal plants against the major etiological agents of coffee tree. The aqueous extracts used were extracted from bulbs of Allium sativum, leaves of Vernonia polysphaera, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Cordia verbenacea, Eucalyptus citriodora, Ricinus communis, Azadirachta indica, Piper hispidinervum and flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum. The etiological agents considered for this study were Cercospora coffeicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma tarda, Rhizoctonia solani and Hemileia vastatrix. The screening for harmful extracts was done based on mycelial growth and conidial germination inhibition. All experiments performed were in vitro conditions. The inhibition of mycelial growth was performed mixing the extracts with the PDA. This mixture was poured in Petri dishes. On the center of the dishes was added one PDA disc with mycelium. It was incubated in a chamber set to 25ºC. The evaluation was done daily by measuring the mycelial growth. The germination assessment was also performed with Petri dishes containing agar-water medium at 2%. These were incubated at 25ºC for 24 hours. After this period the interruption of germination was performed using lactoglycerol. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. The most effective plant extracts against the micelial growth and conidial germination were V. polysphaera, S. aromaticum and A. sativum.

scholarly journals A Pharmacological Potential of Adina cordifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-S) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Aishwarya P. Dalu ◽  
Vinayak S. Zagare ◽  
Priyamala E. Avchar ◽  
Megha P. Kadam ◽  
Ashwini S. Ingole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Human History ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Adina cordifolia belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Flavonoids, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were found in Adina cordifolia plant extracts. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. They are widely used today indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern, high-tech medicine. The medicinal plants, besides having natural therapeutic values against various diseases and considerable works have been done on these plants to treat chronic Cough, Jaundice, Stomachaches, Cancer, Diabetes, and a variety of other ailments. Present review deals with botanical description and various pharmacological action, and medicinal uses of Adina cordifolia. Keywords: Adina cordifolia, Pharmacological Potential, Extract, Taxonomy.

scholarly journals Herbal Medicines and Infectious Diseases: Characterization by LC-SPE-NMR of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts Used against Malaria

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jiang Xu ◽  
Rica Capistrano ◽  
Liene Dhooghe ◽  
Kenn Foubert ◽  
Filip Lemière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts
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