To Determine the Frequency of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3200-3201
Author(s):  
Nusrat Hussain ◽  
Suleman . ◽  
Amna Wajdan ◽  
Rabia Bashir ◽  
Rabia Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medicine Department

Aim: To determine the frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants Place and duration of study: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study in Pediatric Medicine Department, Nishtar Hospital Multan from March, 2021 to August, 2021 Methodology: The preterm neonates were called for follow up every week for 4 weeks to diagnose Necrotizing enterocolitis. Results; Out of 174 cases, 101 (58%) were males while 73 (42%) were females. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was noted in 61 (35.1%) while NEC in breastfeeding infants was 14/74 (18.9%) and in formula feeding infants NEC was 47/100 (47%). Conclusion; High frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis was observed in this study among formula fed preterm infants as compared to breastfed preterm infants. Keywords; Breastfeeding, formula feeding, Necrotizing enterocolitis

scholarly journals Vaccine-Related Errors in Reconstitution in South Korea: A National Physicians’ and Nurses’ Survey

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Young Hwa Lee ◽  
Rebecca C. Harris ◽  
Hong Won Oh ◽  
Yongho Oh ◽  
Juan C. Vargas-Zambrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Preparation

Vaccine-related errors (VREs) result from mistakes in vaccine preparation, handling, storage, or administration. We aimed to assess physicians’ and nurses’ experiences of VREs in South Korea, focusing on reconstitution issues, and to understand the barriers to and facilitators of preventing them. This was a cross-sectional study using an internet-based survey to examine experiences of reconstitution-related errors, and experience or preference with regard to ready-to-use vaccines (RTU) by physicians and nurses. A total of 700 participants, including 250 physicians and 450 nurses, responded to the questionnaire. In total, 76.4% and 41.5% of the physicians and nurses, respectively, reported an error related to reconstituted vaccines. All errors had been reported as experienced by between 4.9% and 52.0% of physicians or nurses. The errors were reported to occur in more than one in 100 vaccinations for inadequate shaking of vaccines by 28.0% of physicians and 6.9% of nurses, incomplete aspiration of reconstitution vials by 28.0% of physicians and 6.4% of nurses, and spillage or leakage during reconstitution by 20.8% of physicians and 6.9% of nurses. A total of 94.8% of physicians had experience with RTU vaccines, and all preferred RTU formulations. In conclusion, this study highlights the high frequency and types of reconstitution-related errors in South Korea. RTU vaccines could help reduce the time needed for preparation and reduce the risk of errors in South Korea.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Associated Factors Among Enteral Fed Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted in Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110196
Author(s):  
Sitotaw Molla Mekonnen ◽  
Daniel Mengistu Bekele ◽  
Fikrtemariam Abebe Fenta ◽  
Addisu Dabi Wake
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains to be the most critical and frequent gastrointestinal disorder understood in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The presented study was intended to assess the prevalence of NEC and associated factors among enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates. Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 enteral Fed preterm and low birth weight neonates who were admitted at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa from March 25/2020 to May 10/2020. The data were collected through neonates’ medical record chart review. A total of 350 participants were enrolled in to the study with the response rate of 99.43%. One hundred eighty-four (52.6%) of them were male. The majority 123 (35.1%) of them were (32 + 1 to 34) weeks gestational age. The prevalence of NEC was (25.4%) (n = 89, [95% CI; 21.1, 30.0]). Being ≤28 weeks gestational age (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.97]), being (28 + 1 to 32 weeks) gestational age (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [2.21, 8.31]), birth weight of 1000 to 1499 g (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.22, 4.33]), APGAR score ≤3 (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.32, 4.16]), prolonged labor (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI [1.35, 6.38]), maternal chronic disease particularly hypertension (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.70, 5.90]), chorioamnionitis (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI [3.9, 13]), failure to breath/resuscitated (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.7, 4.4]), CPAP ventilation (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI [1.50, 12.70]), mixed milk (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI [2.16, 9.32]) were factors significantly associated with NEC. Finally, the prevalence of NEC in the study area was high. So that, initiating the programs that could minimize this problem is required to avoid the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

scholarly journals Communicative health literacy in patients with non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalew Tilahun ◽  
Abebe Abera ◽  
Gugsa Nemera
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Literacy Level ◽  
Literacy Level

Abstract Background Health literacy plays a prominent role in empowering individuals for prevention as well as management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is paucity of information on the health literacy of patients with non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess communicative health literacy and associated factors in patients with NCDs on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 4 May 2020 to 4 July 2020 with 408 randomly selected adult patients, attending outpatient department of JMC in Ethiopia. The final sample size was obtained by using single population proportion formula. All patients with NCDs who were on follow-up at chronic illness clinic, JMC, were used as a source population. All eligible patients with NCDs who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data were collected through structured interviewer administered questionnaires on the six of nine health literacy domains using Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) containing 30 items, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, disease-related factors, and health information sources. Multivariable logistic regression was executed to determine the associations. Result Descriptive analysis shows more than half of the respondents in four of the six health literacy domains had high communicative health literacy level (CHLL). The proportion of people with high CHLL across each of the domains was as follows: health care provider support (56.1%), social support for health (53.7%), active engagement with a healthcare provider (56.1%), and navigating healthcare system (53.4%). We found educational status was significantly associated with five of six health literacy domains whereas number of sources was associated with four of six health literacy domains. Conclusion The overall findings of the current study indicate that health literacy levels vary according to socio-demographic and disease characteristics of patients. Thus, healthcare professionals should assess patients’ health literacy level and tailor information and support to the health literacy skills and personal context of their patients.

Status of Histopathology Services In Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S120-S120
Author(s):  
G O Yeabyo
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Great Public Health ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Abstract Introduction/Objective Cancer is one of a great public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia and scarcity of histopathology laboratory is another burden for diagnosis and follow up of cancer diseases. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of histopathology services in Ethiopia. Methods Cross sectional study design were used to analyze the status of histopathology services in Ethiopia. Results There are 13 histopathology laboratories in the nation and a survey was conducted at these institutions. Out of these 13 Histopathology services seven are located in the capital, Addis Ababa and six found out of the capital located in four different regions. About 40,239,100 habitants have no histopathology service around their catchment area. Conclusion There are very limited histopathology laboratories, as a result diagnosis and prevention of cancer diseases are inadequate throughout the country.

scholarly journals Clinical situation of Venezuelan migrants living with HIV in a hospital in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110240
Author(s):  
Genesis S Huerta-Vera ◽  
Manuel A Amarista ◽  
Fernando A Mejía ◽  
Ana B Graña ◽  
Elsa V Gonzalez-Lagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Living With Hiv

Due to a huge crisis extensive to health services many Venezuelan people living with HIV (PLWH) had migrated abroad, including Peru where favorable laws were in place until June 2019. We describe the health status and epidemiological trends of PLWH from Venezuela at an HIV program in Lima. We analyzed baseline and follow-up data of all Venezuelan PLWH enrolled in our HIV program from January 2017 to December 2019. A cross-sectional study in a subsample served to describe ARV adherence and context of migration. Between 2017-2019 our HIV Program registered 398 Venezuelan PLWH, representing 20% of the 2018 annual enrollments; numbers decreased since mid-2019. The median age was 30 years (IQR 26;37) and 90.5% were men. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion with diagnosis in Peru increased from 14.3% to 60.9%; of AIDS stage at entry, from 8.8% to 27.2%. By December 2019, 182/250 (72.8%) were still in care, and 43 (10.8%) had not started ART. Viral suppression evaluated in 195, was achieved in 71.8%. From 2017 to 2019, migrant PLWH arrived in worsened clinical conditions, with increasing diagnosis in Peru; the flow of migrant PLWH entering care diminished with less favorable laws. Viral suppression rates were suboptimal.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic and Lipid Levels in Ambulatory Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Millen Ghebretinsae ◽  
Abraham Kidane ◽  
Michael Simon ◽  
Shewit Makonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specific Lipid

Objective. There is a dearth of relevant research on the rapidly evolving epidemic of diabetes mellitus (particularly Type 2 diabetes mellitus) in sub-Saharan Africa. To address some of these issues in the Eritrean context, we conducted a cross-sectional study on glycemic and lipid profiles and associated risk factors. Methods. A total of 309 patients with diabetes mellitus on regular follow-up at the Diabetic and Hypertensive Department at Halibet Regional Referral Hospital, Asmara, were enrolled for the study. Data on specific clinical chemistry and anthropomorphic parameters was collected. Chi-squared (χ2) test or Fischer’s exact test was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Multivariate logistic regression (backward: conditional) was undertaken to identify the factors associated with increased odds of suboptimal values in glucose and specific lipid panel subfractions. Results. High proportions of patients (76.7%) had suboptimal levels of HbA1c with a mean±SD of 8.6%±1.36, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, the likelihood of HbA1c≥7% was higher in patients with abnormal WHR (AOR=3.01, 95% CI, 3.01 (1.15–7.92=0.024)) and in patients without hypertension (AOR=1.97, 95% CI (1.06–3.56), p=0.021). A unit reduction in eGFR was also associated with HbA1c≥7% (AOR=0.99, 95% CI (0.98–1=0.031)). In a separate analysis, the data shows that 80.9% of the patients had dyslipidemia. In particular, 62.1% of the patients had TC≥200 mg/dL (risk factors: sex, hypertension, and HbA1c concentration), 81.6% had LDL‐C≥100 mg/dL (risk factors: sex and hypertension), 56.3% had TG≥150 (risk factors: sex, HbA1c, and waist circumference), 62.8% had abnormal HDL-C (risk factors: waist circumference), 78.3% had non‐HDL<130 mg/dL (risk factors: duration of disease, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA1c), and 45.3% had abnormal TG/HDL (risk factors: sex, age of patient, FPG, and waist circumference). Conclusions. The quality of care, as measured by glycemic and specific lipid targets, in this setting is suboptimal. Therefore, there is an urgent need for simultaneous improvements in both indicators. This will require evidence-based optimization of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Therefore, additional studies, preferably longitudinal studies with long follow-up, are required on multiple aspects of DM.

Preschool Vision Screening in Pediatric Practice: A Study From the Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) Network

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Wasserman ◽  
Candace A. Croft ◽  
Sarah E. Brotherton
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Supervision

In this cross-sectional study, the vision-screening process is described for 8417 children aged 3 to 5 seen for health supervision in a group of 102 pediatric practices in 23 states and Puerto Rico. Three hundred forty children who failed screening (63% of those who failed) were followed up 2 months after initial screening. The sample was 52% male, 86% white, 9% black, 3% Hispanic, and 1% Asian. Vision screening was attempted on 66% of children overall. Pediatricians' reasons for not screening were "not routine" (44%), "too young" (40%), and "screening done previously" (17%). Younger children were less likely to be screened than older children (39% of those aged 3), and Hispanics were less likely to be screened than other ethnic groups (P &lt; .001). Thirty-three percent of children received no screening for latent strabismus. Two months later, 50% of parents whose child had failed a vision test were unaware of this fact on questionnaire follow-up. Eighty-five percent of children referred to an eye specialist had made or kept an appointment. It is concluded that pediatricians need to increase vision screening among younger preschool children and communicate more effectively to parents the results of screening failure.

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