Clinical Aspects of Microcephaly Patients Regarding Endocrine Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3540-3541
Author(s):  
Qurat-ul- Ain ◽  
Shmyla Hamid ◽  
Farrukh Sarfraz ◽  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Saima Rubab Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Microcephaly is characterized as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) underneath the third centile or more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age, and ethnicity. The term ‘severe’ microcephaly is connected to an OFC more than 3SD below the mean. Microcephaly is associated with a reduction in brain volume and frequently intellectual and/or motor inabilities. The pathogenesis of microcephaly is heterogeneous, extending from hereditary causes to environmental components that can have an effect on developmental process that impact brain size. Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the BMI and endocrine profile of patients having microcephaly with age matched to normal siblings in their families. Materials and Methods: Study design: Quantitative cross sectional Settings: Services Hospital Lahore Duration: 01 year i.e. 1st January 2020 to 30th December 2020 Methodology: This is a quantitative cross sectional study arrangement based on 12 persons. On the basis of microcephaly, the subjects were separated into the two groups: Group I: Subjects with microcephaly (n=10), Group II: Normal kin as controls (n=2). Five families including add up to of 12 individuals was selected. Ten people with microcephaly (cases) and two normal kin (without microcephaly) were taken as controls. Cooperation of the subjects in this study was selected voluntarily and written informed consent was taken to take part in the study from each individual and from their guardians. The individuals and their guardians were educated about the potential benefits and risks of this study. Results: There was little difference within the mean age of microcephaly individuals as compared to healthy siblings. Conclusion: In light of this study it can be recommended that there's a significant affiliation of BMI and microcephaly but the affiliation of Leptin, Cortisol, GH and TSH with microcephaly seem not be found as proposed by non-significant results. This may moreover emphasize on heredity perspective of this condition. Keywords: Microcephaly, Leptin, Growth Hormone, BMI, TSH

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽  
Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽  
Dr. Anita J Gojiya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung   function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers   and comparable non   smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and     3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

scholarly journals Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
W Nargis ◽  
BU Ahamed ◽  
S Zabeen ◽  
F Alam ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

scholarly journals Varicose Veins Among Different Occupational Background in City of Mosul-Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399-1402
Author(s):  
H. J. Mahmood ◽  
R. H. Ibrahim ◽  
M. F. Abdulghani ◽  
Z. F. Al-Zaidy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occupational Background ◽  
The City

Background and aim: The Objectives of the present study to determine the VV among people with different background occupations in the City of Mosul, Iraq. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was performed at Mosul Teaching Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020. Two hundred people who were physically examined represented different jobs in Iraqi society (Nurses, address, Policemen, and teachers). A physical examination was conducted of all participants who agreed to engage in this study. Results: The overall prevalence rate of VV among different occupational backgrounds in the City of Mosul is 19.5%. The study found that the percentage of men (50.5%) and women (49.5%). Most of the patient was beyond to age group (41-45) years and the mean age of the participants was (39.1+3.1). According to the BMI, the results indicated that most subjects belong to a class<30 (77%). Conclusions: The nurses will seek to prevent excessive extended occupational standing and using sitting or walking when appropriate. As a result, an improvement in clinical practice may reduce the incidence of vascular disease. Keywords: Varicose, Veins, Occupational

scholarly journals GALL STONES;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 386-390
Author(s):  
Alina Saqib ◽  
Saeed Sattar Shaikh ◽  
Jawad Mumtaz Sodhar
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Gall Stone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gall Stones ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Recognition of various gall stones in the patients attending surgicalOPD by biochemical analysis of gall stones. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place &duration of study: ISRA Hospital, Hyderabad and Institute of Biochemistry Sindh UniversityJamshoro. Duration of study was 18 months. Methods: Cases were patients with gall stones whowere diagnosed on ultrasonography. Gall stone analysis was done from Institute of BiochemistrySindh University Jamshoro. A total of sixty nine subjects were included in the study. Results: Inthe present study the mean Age was 35.81+ 8.12 years. Frequencies in different age groups are15-24 (11.60%), 25-34 (24.64%), 35-44 (53.63%), 45-54 (8.69%), 55-64 (01.45%). Age distributionis shown in Graph III-1. In the present study 49(71.0%) were females and 20(29%) were maleswith the female to male ration of 2.45:1. gender distribution is shown in Graph III-2. In the presentfrequencies of different types of gall stones was, cholesterol stones 38(55.07%), pigmentedstones 20(28.99%) and mixed type of stones 11(15.94%). Frequencies of different types of gallstones is shown in Graph III-3. Conclusions: In our study the frequency of cholesterol gall stoneis more as compared to pigmented and mixed gall stones. A total of 55.07% of cholesterolgallstones were found in our study with the female predominance.

CLINICAL OUTCOME OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA WITH MACULOPAPULAR RASH AT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, PIMS, ISLAMABAD

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Jai Kirshin ◽  
Sameena Afghan ◽  
Aqeela Ayub ◽  
Kishor Shah ◽  
Maqbool Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND: Measles is highly endemic disease in Pakistan that can be prevented by vaccinating the child.Patients with rash and fever are the major syptoms of this infection. The aim of this study was to find the associationof clinical and serological outcome of measles and rubella with demographic profiles in patients hospitalised withclinical suspicion of these conditions. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in children hospital of PIMS Islamabad where allchildren presenting with maculopapular rash in outdoor patient, indoor patient and accident and emergencydepartment were enrolled. The study duration was one year or the completion of required sample size. A total of 73children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. A purposive sampling technique was used toselect cases. Data was collected through a structured proforma especially designed for this study. Permission wastaken from the Hospital Ethical Committee before the commencement of the study. A written consent was also takenfrom the parents of children prior to conduct the study. RESULTS: All the children in this study was 46.5 (± 40.1) months of age, the mean (SD) age was 4 years and 10months (± 3 years and 4 months). The median age of all children was 24 months (2 years). The youngest child was 7months old while the eldest child was 12 years (144 months) of age. Out of 73 children enrolled in the current studywho presented with maculopapular rash and their serological outcome was assessed, 50 (68.5 percent) were boyswhereas 23 (31.5 percent) were girls. Koplik's spots were present among 56 (76.7 percent) children whereas 17(23.3 percent) did not have Koplik's spots at the time of enrolment. lymphadenopathy was assessed in 35 (47.9percent) children while 38 (52.1 percent) did not have lymphadenopathy at the time of enrolment. CONCLUSION: Study concluded that a higher proportion of children presenting with maculopapular rash werediagnosed to have measles on the basis of serology.

scholarly journals Diet and Women Fertility: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Ruaa E Alabd ◽  
Kefah H Abdulmajeed ◽  
Hayder G Oufi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infertile Group

ABSTRACT Aims This work was designed to assess the role of diet and dietary habits on women fertility. Materials and methods This study was carried out in seven different centers and hospitals in Baghdad in the period between January and September 2014. Participants were 400 adult women selected conveniently; their age ranged from 17 to 47 years and they were divided into two groups. Group I included 300 fertile women and group II included 100 infertile women. A specific questionnaire had been designed and used for data collection Results It was found that there was a significant difference in weight and body mass index (BMI) between the infertile group and control group. The mean of weights was 73.07 vs 69.06 kg for infertile and the control group respectively, while the mean BMI was 28.83 vs 26.70 for the infertile group and the control group respectively. Moreover, the infertile women consumed more of carbonated beverages, tea, chicken, and fish than the control group, while they consumed less milk and red meat than the control group. Also, the infertile group consumed less corn oil and olive oil than the control group (5 and 0% vs 21 and 2%) respectively, while they used to consume more solid fat and combined fat than the control group (2 and 6% vs 0 and 2.7%) respectively. Conclusion Although treatment options for infertility are available, their high cost and frequency of adverse events have motivated the identification of dietary factors related to infertility. The current study identified diet as one of the modifiable risk factors that potentially impacts fertility in the selected groups; hence, it is important to focus more on the role of diet in women fertility and increase the awareness of women to it, along with suggesting more educational programs at the primary health care level. How to cite this article Alabd RE, Abdulmajeed KH, Oufi HG. Diet and Women Fertility: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2016;7(3):82-88.

scholarly journals Maxillary Intermolar Width Of Pakistanis With Untreated Normal Occlusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Arfan ul Haq ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Waheed ul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plaster Model

Objective: Intermolar width is a key measurement which assists in treatment planning of orthodontic patients requiring expansion as an alternate to premolar extraction. The present research was aimed at determining the mean value of intermolar arch width (IMW) of untreated normal arch Pakistani patients visiting tertiary care dental hospital Material & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out using IMW measurements on plaster model of 120 untreated normal occlusion patients, at Department of Orthodontics, Faisalabad Medical University and de’Montmorency College of dentistry, from 15-12-2016 to 15-10-2017. The non probability consecutive sampling technique was used in this study. Data analysis was done using SPSS software 21.0.0. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 18.23±3.75 years. The mean value of IMW in selected subjects was 45.33±3.42 mm. Conclusion: Study results concluded that in Pakistanis, ideally align maxillary arch and occlusion can be achieved with upper intermolar distances of 45.33±3.42 mm

scholarly journals Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Hamda Shazam ◽  
Fouzia Shaikh ◽  
Zaheer Hussain ◽  
M. Mansoor Majeed ◽  
Saba Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to investigate osteocalcin levels in saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients and correlate these levels with periodontitis severity. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 95 individuals participated in the study with 46 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 49 subjects in group II (mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis patients). A detailed assessment of clinical periodontal parameters and alveolar bone loss was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects and osteocalcin levels were quantitatively analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay technique. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied at a significance level of 95%. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The results showed a significant association of qualification with group II (p < 0.02). Bone loss scores were also significantly associated with periodontitis severity (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group I and group II in terms of mean salivary osteocalcin levels (p = 0.68). Also, an insignificant correlation was also observed between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity (p = 0.13). Conclusion The overall study results showed that there was no significant difference between saliva osteocalcin levels of healthy and periodontitis patients. Also, there was a nonsignificant correlation between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that low osteocalcin levels in saliva might be considered as a poor indicator of periodontal disease progression and severity.

scholarly journals Study on Hygiene Practice of the Adult Domestic Household Women Worker in Urban Slum Area of Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Majbah Uddin ◽  
Md Monoarul Haque ◽  
Yasin Arafat ◽  
Suman Kumar Roy ◽  
Md Zahid Hasan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hygiene Practice ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Household Workers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satisfactory State

Background: Globally, slums have been recognized as neglected communities with limited access to services. They are often characterized by deteriorated or poorly structured houses crowded together, poor environmental managements such as deficient access to safe drinking water and sanitation, stagnation of water, and poor drainage with excessive open sewers, excessive amount of uncollected rubbish, severe overcrowding, flies, and poor lighting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore hygiene practice of the adult domestic household women worker in urban slum area of Dhaka city. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among adult female domestic household workers ages between 19 to 45 years of the south Monipur slum of Dhaka city. The study was conducted from April 2012 to June 2012. About 95 samples were selected purposively to conduct this study. Results: The mean age of the respondent was 29.32 years. It also found that majority of the respondent (87.37%) were married, 10.53% were separated and 2.11% were divorced. The mean income of the respondent was 2132.63TK. Result found that 76.84% of the respondent use sandal in toilet and 23.16% of the respondent do not use sandal in toilet. It also showed that 69.47% of the respondent use soap everyday in bath and 30.53% of the respondent did not use soap everyday in bath. About 90.53% of the respondent brushing teeth everyday and 9.47% of the respondent did not brush teeth everyday. In addition to this 33.68% of the respondent cut nail regularly and 66.32% of the respondent did not cut nail regularly. Besides 85.26% of the respondent used soap to wash their hand after toilet, 2.11% used ash and 12.63% of the respondent used soil to wash their hand after toilet. Conclusion: The hygiene practice of adult domestic household workers is quite good but the overall practice condition is not in satisfactory state. Further in depth studies are needed to evaluate the actual scenario of the hygiene practice among adult domestic household workers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22884 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 52-54

scholarly journals Economic costs incurred by the patients with Multiple Sclerosis at different levels of the disease: a cross-sectional study in northwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Imani ◽  
Farid Gharibi ◽  
Ali Khezri ◽  
Nasrin Joudyian ◽  
Koustuv Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes significant economic burden to the patients, families, health systems and society. This study aimed to estimate the economic costs incurred by patients with multiple sclerosis at different levels of the disease.Method This was a cross-sectional study, using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) tool for assessing the disease level of 300 (=N) patients in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. To estimate the cost of MS, a questionnaire with its validity and reliability (CVR 92% and CVI 87%) and pilot test (Cronbach's alpha score 0.89) was used. The data were collected by interviewing patients and reviewing their clinical records. Linear regression and ANOVA were used to assess the relationship between disease levels and incurred costs.Results The results revealed that the mean annual cost for patients is 97,521,740 IRR (equivalent to 2,321.94 USD) and the mean score of EDSS in patients was 3.14. The annual cost incurred by patients with mild, moderate and severe levels of disease were 83,918,150 IRR (998.05 USD), 137,772,660 IRR (3,280.30 USD) and 119,962,670 IRR (2,856.25 USD) respectively. Also, there was a significant relationship between total cost and disease severity in such a way that any increase in EDSS degree is led to 8,139,260 IRR (193.79 USD) added cost for patients.Conclusion The study results could be helpful for Iranian health managers to solve problems which are facing patients and their families.

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