In vitro and in vivo studies of individual and combined effects of fusarium toxins on the intestinal immunity : a risk assessment and potential target for probiotic intervention

Assessment of risks to humans associated with the use of chemicals requires knowledge of the hazard (toxicity) of the chemical and level of human exposure. Hazard assessment is often based on animal bioassays and quantitative exposure estimates of dermal exposure obtained from studies monitoring workers. Because human skin is an effective barrier to many chemicals, it cannot be assumed that the deposited dose is equivalent to the systemic dose. However, an estimate of systemic dose may be derived by multiplying the deposited dose by the percentage of percutaneous uptake. This correction can have major impact on the regulatory decision, because the adjusted dose used in the risk calculation may be reduced significantly, especially at high doses, when the uptake is not linearly proportional to the exposure. It is therefore important that the dermal absorption value be accurate. As outlined in this paper, numerous factors can affect percutaneous absorption. Nevertheless, many regulatory agencies will consider the use of percutaneous absorption data derived from in vivo studies to adjust the dermally deposited dose to that delivered systemically. Numerous issues must be resolved before in vitro dermal penetration studies can be used for risk assessment.

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Interaction of Radiofrequency Radiation with Biological Systems A Comprehensive Update on Recent Challenges

Defence Life Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dlsj.4.13383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saurabh Verma ◽

Asheesh Gupta ◽

Bhuvnesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Thermal Effects ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Biological Systems ◽

The Body ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Energy Interaction

Rapid advancement of radiofrequency (RF)-driven technologies has greatly affected our everyday lives. Increasing evidence led by in-vitro, in-vivo studies, epidemiological and clinical trials indicates that RF interacts considerably well with biological systems in various ways depending on different exposure parameters and properties of biological materials. Besides their innumerable benefits in different sectors of commercial and military fields, they can induce alterations in many physiological functions of the body, which may culminate into adverse human health consequences. The present article explicitly addresses the RF-based technologies and their applications, fundamentals of RF energy interaction with biological systems, exposure parameters, and dosimetry studies along with thermal and non-thermal effects on different vital organs at molecular and cellular levels. Further, this article outlines the limitations of RF-induced biological effect studies, status of risk assessment, safety levels and its future perspectives.

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Role of the glucocorticoid receptor in glomerular disease

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00217.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (1) ◽

pp. F133-F136

Author(s):

Julie E. Goodwin

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Therapeutic Benefit ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Glomerular Diseases ◽

Benefit Ratio ◽

Do No Harm

Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents that are commonly used in the treatment of various glomerular diseases. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies, in both animals and humans, convincingly demonstrate that glucocorticoids have many beneficial direct effects on glomeruli, including podocytes, suggesting that, in theory, systemic administration is not necessary to achieve therapeutic benefit. Indeed, it is increasingly recognized that systemic steroids often have an unfavorable risk-to-benefit ratio. As we move into an age of personalized medicine, strategies to develop targeted steroid delivery systems and individualized risk assessment algorithms are desirable in clinicians’ efforts to “first, do no harm.”

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CYP1A Induction and Human Risk Assessment: An Evolving Tale of in Vitro and in Vivo Studies: TABLE 1

Drug Metabolism and Disposition ◽

10.1124/dmd.107.015826 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1009-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

Qiang Ma ◽

Anthony Y. H. Lu

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Human Risk Assessment ◽

Human Risk ◽

Cyp1a Induction

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New evidence for tamoxifen as an antischistosomal agent: in vitro, in vivo and target fishing studies

Future Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.4155/fmc-2020-0311 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tais C Silva ◽

Ana C Mengarda ◽

Bianca C Silva ◽

Thais S Relvas-Lima ◽

Vinicius C Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Once Daily ◽

Potential Target ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

New Evidence ◽

Patent Infection ◽

Target Fishing

Background: Praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, and there is an urgent demand for new anthelmintic agents. Methodology & results: We conducted in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies and report a target fishing investigation. In vitro, tamoxifen was active against adult and immature worms at low concentrations (<5 μM). Tamoxifen at a single dose (400 mg/kg) or once daily for five consecutive days (100 mg/kg/day) in mice harboring either adult (patent infection) or juvenile (prepatent infection) significantly reduced worm burden (30–70%) and egg production (70–90%). Target fishing studies revealed propionyl-CoA carboxylase as a potential target for tamoxifen in Schistosoma mansoni and glucose uptake by S. mansoni was also significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our results provide news evidence of antiparasitic effect of tamoxifen and reveal propionyl-CoA carboxylase as a potential target.

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MOLECULAR DOCKING AND SCREENING OF DRUGS FOR 6LU7 PROTEASE INHIBITOR AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR COVID-19

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2022v14i1.43132 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

MANOJ GADEWAR ◽

BHARAT LAL

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Data Bank ◽

Docking Study ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Potential Target ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Potential Inhibitors

Objective: The aim of present investigation is docking of various existing antiviral, anti-tubercular and anti-malarial drugs on 6LU7 receptor of SARS-CoV-2 in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: In this study, the structure of coronavirus binding protein and ligands for various drugs were collected from the protein data bank and pub chem. Molecular docking was carried out using Schrodinger 9.0 software. In molecular docking study, 19 different drugs of various categories like antiviral, anti-malarial and anti-tubercular were investigated for analyzing binding to 6LU7 receptors of COVID-19. Results: The docking result showed a high affinity of zanamivir, montelukast, ramdesvir, ritonavir, cobicistat and favipravir to the 6LU7 receptor of novel coronavirus. Thus the combination of these drugs may be useful in preventing further infection and can be used as a potential target for further in vitro and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Treatment of COVID-19 has been challenge due to the non-availability of effective drug therapy. In this study, we reported drugs for targeting 6LU7 Mpro/3Clpro protein, which showed prominent effects as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 Mpro.

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