Bridging the Gender Gap in Employment Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Strohmeyer ◽  
Vartuhi Tonoyan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Occupational Sex Segregation ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Know How ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Apprenticeship Training ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Firm Innovativeness ◽  
Product And Process

Analysing 1,055 female- and 2,207 male-owned businesses in Germany, the authors found that the former underperformed compared with the latter in terms of employment growth and firm innovativeness. Controlling for endogeneity, ie feedback effects between employment growth and innovation, it was demonstrated that the lower employment growth in women-owned businesses was mainly due to women's lower commitment to product and process innovations, a phenomenon that is referred to in this study as the ‘female–male innovation gap’. The female–male innovation gap apparently goes back to occupational sex segregation, with women populating occupations and choosing fields of study or apprenticeship training that are less technical or technology-oriented and thus less likely to provide them with important resources (eg technical know-how) and favourable conditions needed for the development and implementation of product and process innovations.

scholarly journals Employment Effects of Innovation at the Firm Level

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lachenmaier ◽  
Horst Rottmann
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Positive Effect

SummaryThis paper analyzes empirically the effects of innovation on employment at the firm level using a uniquely long panel dataset of German manufacturing firms. The overall effect of innovations on employment often remains unclear in theoretical contributions due to reverse effects. We distinguish between product and process innovations and additionally introduce different innovation categories. We find clearly positive effects for product and process innovations on employment growth with the effects for process innovations being slightly higher. For product innovations that involved patent applications we can identify an additional positive effect on employment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Innovation on Employment in Small and Medium Enterprises with Different Growth Rates

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Negative Growth

SummaryThis article examines the impact of innovation on employment growth in innovating small and medium enterprises. In contrast to existing studies, which typically use the least squares estimation technique, quantile regressions were carried out to analyse the data. This method allows one to examine the effects of innovation at any desired point on the distribution function - for example, in firms experiencing positive or negative growth - providing a more complete picture of the relationship between innovation and employment growth than the standard method of viewing deviations in the average effect. The key finding of the study is that innovation has a positive effect on employment in both growing and shrinking small and medium enterprises. In addition, innovation has a much stronger impact on employee headcounts in companies that are already experiencing strong growth than in their slower growing or shrinking counterparts. When differentiating between product and process innovations, the analysis shows that the introduction of new or improved processes has a larger impact on employment than product innovations. Thus, positive employment effects of innovations are not restricted to narrow segments of the economy. Economic policy aimed at bolstering the innovative strength of firms is thus a strong encouragement to employment on a broad basis.

FIRM INNOVATIVENESS IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES: A CONSTRUCT VALIDATION IN THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND INDUSTRY STRUCTURE CONTEXTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950051 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANNE HÜGEL ◽  
MARKUS KREUTZER ◽  
NICO B. ROTTKE
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Firm Innovativeness ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Heterogeneous Service ◽  
The Relationship

This paper contributes to the limited research on innovation in service industries. We develop an advanced, more comprehensively and universally applicable measure of firm innovativeness that captures an organisation’s overall potential to innovate. We provide a first empirical validation in the context of a heterogeneous service industry, the German real estate industry, and investigate the relationship between firm innovativeness and actual (product and process) innovations, while taking the external environment and the industry structure into consideration. The PLS–SEM results of our study of 241 individuals from 76 organisations confirm the newly developed measure’s validity and provide further evidence of the industry’s current state: Firm innovativeness influences the perceived firm performance only through product innovations, i.e., new goods and services. Furthermore, external heterogeneity moderates the relationship between firm innovativeness and product innovation positively, while high levels of regulation, contrary to our expectation, encourage both innovation types directly.

scholarly journals Effects of product and process innovations on the employment growth rate: Evidence for the Colombian manufacturing industry.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Barrios Aguirre ◽  
Sandra Yaneth Mora Malagón
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract This paper estimates the effect of product and process innovation on the employment growth rate in Colombian manufacturing industry between 2007 and 2012. Based on the model forward put by Harrison et al. (2008), employment growth rate is explained by both the introduction of process innovations that have an effect on old products and the product innovations that have a positive effect on the growth of sales. This research uses the firm-level data panel from the Technological Development and Innovation Survey (EDIT) and the Annual Manufacturing Survey (EAM) in Colombia between 2007 and 2012. Given the firm´s production, results show a positive effect of product innovations on the employment growth rate and a negative effect of process innovations on the employment growth rate in manufacturing firms in Colombia.JEL classification: O25, E24, O33

Investigating the efficacy of isomorphic pressures on the adoption of green manufacturing practices and its influence on organizational legitimacy and financial performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Senyo Kwasi Acquah ◽  
Dacosta Essel ◽  
Charles Baah ◽  
Yaw Agyabeng-Mensah ◽  
Ebenezer Afum
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Organizational Legitimacy ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Procurement ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Isomorphic Pressures

PurposeThe need to engage in manufacturing practices that promote environmental sustainability has shifted from being optional to mandatory. From the perspectives of institutional and stakeholder theories, this paper captures the efficacy of isomorphic pressures on the adoption of green procurement, green product and process innovations and their respective influence on organizational legitimacy and financial performance in the context of an emerging economy and from the perspective of manufacturing small-and medium-sized enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a survey research design, a quantitative approach and partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique in making data analysis and interpretations due to its suitability for predictive research models.FindingsAnalysis of the results highlighted the fact that the composite impact of coercive, mimetic and normative isomorphic pressures robustly influenced the adoption of green procurement, green product and process innovations. Simultaneously, green procurement, green product and process innovations significantly influenced organizational legitimacy. Green procurement and green product innovation also significantly influenced financial performance unlike green process innovation that had an insignificant yet positive impact on financial performance. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications are explained for policy makers, managers, government authorities and owners.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to expose isomorphic pressures on the adoption of green manufacturing practices specifically, green procurement, green product and process innovations and their influence on organizational legitimacy and financial performance in the context of Ghana, an emerging economy and from the perspective of small-and medium-sized enterprises. As such, the study provides guidance to relevant industry authorities and stakeholders in further promoting green manufacturing practices that preserve the environment by producing safer consumer products through efficient green procurement, green product and process innovative practices.

Development of Product Model Management System for Naval Shipbuilding

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Dae Kyun Oh ◽  
Yeon Hwan Jeong ◽  
Yong Gyun Kim ◽  
Jong Gye Shin ◽  
Yong Hwan Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Partial Result ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Process Innovations ◽  
Naval Ship ◽  
Product And Process

Since the concept of integrated product development environment (IPDE) was introduced from the US Department of Defense, the Korean navy has made efforts to apply the concept to its naval design and production. Recently, the Korean navy has supported a project for naval shipbuilding to achieve the advanced defense acquisition program. This project focuses on the integration of naval shipbuilding information. The Product Model Management System (PMMS) for Korean naval acquisition was a partial result of the project. The architecture of PMMS and the product structure of a naval ship are proposed in this paper. Also, the data acquisition process among acquisition program administration offices and contractors is defined for the construction of three-dimensional naval ship product models in PMMS. By constructing the product model on previous Korean naval ships, the PMMS was confirmed to a suitable innovative acquisition strategy. PMMS is on the leading edge of new product and process innovations in the Korean naval shipbuilding.

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