A REVIEW ON BUCCAL FILM: AN INOVATIVE DOSAGE FORM

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Menra Muse ◽  
J. S. Dua ◽  
D. N. Prasad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Buccal Absorption ◽  
Mucosal Route ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Buccal Films ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Buccal administration of drugs leads to systemic circulation through internal jugular vein, bypassing them from hepatic first pass metabolism and leading to greater bioavailability. Buccal mucosa is most preferred site for both local as well as systemic action. For administration of drug through mucosal route, various types of dosage forms can be prepared. Buccal films can release topical drugs with controlled and sustained effects. Buccal films have the advantage of improved patient compliance because of reduced size with a suitable thickness as compare to other delivery systems. Buccal film can enhance absorption of active medicament as compared to others. Synthetic natural and semi synthetic polymers in low concentration can be used for the preparation of buccal films. Such types of dosage forms are cost effective, non-irritating, easy to handle, elegant, rapidly absorbable and most preferred by consumer. The review describes the anatomy of oral mucosa, mechanism of buccal absorption, methods to increase drug delivery via a buccal route, formulation aspects and evaluation parameters of buccal films.

An Insight into delivery of drug through The Skin: Transdermal Drug Delivery system

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Usha Ayalasomayajula ◽  
M. Kusuma Kumari ◽  
Radha Rani Earle
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Pass Metabolism

In the recent days about 75% of the drugs taken orally are does not show the desired therapeutic effect. Oral conventional dosage forms have several disadvantages such as poor bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (Both high and low). Thus, rapid drug levels in the plasma leads to a need of high and/or frequent dosing, which can be both uneconomical and inconvenient. To overcome such disadvantages transdermal drug delivery system was developed. TDDS is such a delivery system which has been explored extensively over the last two decades, with therapeutic success. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are the drug delivery systems which involves transportation of drug to epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic action while major fraction of the drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers vast advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery. Some of the advantages of transdermal drug delivery include limitation of hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady state plasma level concentration of the drug. This study includes a brief overview of TDDS, its advantages over conventional dosage forms, drug delivery routes across human skin, permeation enhancers, and classification, formulation, methods of preparation and evaluation of transdermal patches.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on buccal patches

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Seema ◽  
Kapil kumar ◽  
Deepak Teotia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Buccal Patches are the type of drug formulation that has normally a different course of administration through the buccal mucosa for drug delivery. The product is placed between upper gingiva (gums) and cheek to treat local and systemic conditions. Buccal patch have good accessibility to the membranes that line the oral cavity. These patches tend to help drug enter directly into the systemic circulation escaping hepatic first pass metabolism. This type of drug delivery method is considered useful for elevating the bioavailability of drugs. This review is a thorough study to apprehend the procedures involved in assessment of buccal patches and the modern approach towards this type of drug delivery. This article intends to analyze the overall profile of Buccal Patches and scope of future advances.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of buccal patches of theophylline

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Kapil Kumar ◽  
Gurleen Kaur ◽  
Seema ◽  
Deepak Teotia ◽  
Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Buccal patches are the types of formulations in which the drug is administered through buccal mucosa. these patches are or placed in between the gums and the for the pharmacological response. The main advantage of these patches is there is no first pass metabolism takes place and easily absorb in systemic circulation through themucosa .the main objective of this drug delivery system is to elevate or increase the bioavailability of the drug. the review informs about the steps involve in the preparation of buccal patch and to promote the awareness towards this type of drug delivery system. This article intends to analyze the overall profile of Buccal Patches and scope of future advances.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGY OF NOVAL CANNABINOIDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
SUMITHA S. K. ◽  
VEENA S. PATTAMMADY ◽  
R. SAMBATHKUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Cannabis is a plant rich in various compounds that have a variety of impacts on the physiology of humans and the effects of these metabolites have a significant role in managing a variety of clinical diseases. A substantial increase in the use of SC (synthetic cannabinoids) had seen in the last few years especially infrequent cannabis users. The SCs will generate psychoactive effects that were similar to cannabis. However, the composition and pharmacological characteristics of these drugs make them possibly hazardous. Like all drugs, cannabis’ pharmacokinetics depends on the route of administration. Several studies showed that the bioavailability is less in oral administration when compared to inhalation. The main reason for this decrease in oral bioavailability is that cannabinoids undergo the first-pass metabolism before entering into the systemic circulation whereas in inhalation, it enters the circulation directly through the lungs. Cannabis sativa is a psychoactive plant that contains more than 500 components of which 104 cannabinoids had been identified. Of these, 2 components such as Δ9-THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidol) were under the scientific investigation. Δ9-THC is the primary cannabinoid which was responsible for the consequences of psychotrophy. The potency of cannabis is assessed based on the THC concentration of a sample that is the main psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. The adverse effects are in direct relation to the concentration of THC in the product after regular cannabis use. It can be assumed that several cannabinoids will find their way into the pharmacies from preclinical research within a century.

scholarly journals Right and Left-sided Valve Disease: A Case of Subclinical Intrapulmonary Shunt in an Adult with Malignant Carcinoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross M Hansen ◽  
Gregory D Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Intrapulmonary Shunt ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiogram ◽  
Malignant Carcinoid ◽  
Vasoactive Hormones ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
First Pass ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Carcinoid tumors are highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) that most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Liver metastases bypass first-pass metabolism and liberate vasoactive hormones into systemic circulation, causing flushing and diarrhea. Prolonged levels of circulating serotonin may adversely affect the heart by creating fibrotic endocardial deposits on native valves. The remaining serotonin is metabolized in the pulmonary circuit that leads to pathognomonic valvular disease isolated to the right side of the heart. We present a case of an adult male with known carcinoid syndrome who presented with involvement of right, as well as left-sided valves. He was found to have an intrapulmonary shunt on transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with bubble study. Intrapulmonary shunt should be considered, in conjunction with right-to-left shunt, lung involvement, and high levels of serotonin, for carcinoid patients with right and left-sided valve disease.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
Faisal Khaled Aldawood ◽  
Abhay Andar ◽  
Salil Desai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Intradermal Delivery ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Pass Metabolism

Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over oral or parenteral pathways. However, the biggest challenge for transdermal delivery is that only a limited number of potent drugs with ideal physicochemical properties can passively diffuse and intercellularly permeate through skin barriers and achieve therapeutic concentration by this route. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of approaches to enhance transdermal permeation of the drugs. Among them, microneedles represent one of the microscale physical enhancement methods that greatly expand the spectrum of drugs for transdermal and intradermal delivery. Microneedles typically measure 0.1–1 mm in length. In this review, microneedle materials, fabrication routes, characterization techniques, and applications for transdermal delivery are discussed. A variety of materials such as silicon, stainless steel, and polymers have been used to fabricate solid, coated, hollow, or dissolvable microneedles. Their implications for transdermal drug delivery have been discussed extensively. However, there remain challenges with sustained delivery, efficacy, cost-effective fabrication, and large-scale manufacturing. This review discusses different modes of characterization and the gaps in manufacturing technologies associated with microneedles. This review also discusses their potential impact on drug delivery, vaccine delivery, disease diagnostic, and cosmetics applications.

A REVIEW ON BUCCAL MUCOSAL ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (08) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
M Bhatt ◽  
◽  
G Bhatt ◽  
P. Kothiyal ◽  
S. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Mucosal Route ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Buccal Films

Oral route is the most preferred rote of drug administration. In oral route buccal mucosal route is one of the advantageous routes of drug administration. This route provides direct access to systemic circulation through the jugular vein, bypassing the first pass hepatic metabolism, which leads to high bioavailability. The drugs having low bioavailability, shorter half life and those who undergoes extensive first pass metabolism are good candidat for this rote. Various formulations have been developed for this routes, one of which is buccal film. Buccal films were prepared by using methods like solvent casting method, hot-melt extrusion method and direct milling method. Buccal films were evaluated for thickness, swelling property, surface pH, drug content, % moisture loss, etc.

scholarly journals Sublingual Tablets : An Overview

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Rohit S. Nikam ◽  
Rahul P. Jadhav ◽  
Dr. Prakash D. Jadhav ◽  
Vishal D. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Pass Metabolism

<p>Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a rapid onset of action and better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. Sublingual literally meaning is 'under the tongue', administrating substance via mouth in such a way that the substance is rapidly absorbed via blood vessels under tongue. Peroral administration of drug has disadvantages such as Hepatic first pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the GI tract that limits oral administration of certain classes of drug like peptides and proteins. So, other absorptive mucosa is considered as potential sites for drug administration. Trans-mucosal routes of drug delivery (i.e. the mucosal linings of the nasal, rectal, vaginal, ocular, and oral cavity) offer several advantages over peroral administration for systemic delivery. This review highlights the sublingual dosage forms for the treatment of migraine, advantages, Disadvantages, various evaluation parameters and commercially available sublingual dosage forms.</p>

Lymphatic Drug Transport and Associated Drug Delivery Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Singh P. ◽  
Anup Naha ◽  
Disha Shetty ◽  
Usha Y. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Drug Transport ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
First Pass Metabolism ◽  
Lymphatic Delivery ◽  
Pass Metabolism ◽  
Lymphatic Targeting

Abstract:: Lymphatic system is the secondary circulation system of the human body, after the systemic circulation. Various problems, including first-pass metabolism through oral administration of medicines, can be resolved by lymphatic targeting. Lymphatic absorption has been explored in detail and studies reveal the improved bioavailability of medicines. In the case of cancer, AIDS, and various other health problems, lymphatic targeting has been focused on due to the fact that lymph nodes are involved greatly in tumor metastasis. This article reviews the lymphatic absorption and its exploration in the treatment of various health problems. The physiology of the lymphatic system, the mechanisms of absorption, and the various formulation systems suitable for lymphatic absorption have been discussed. Some recent novel approaches like hydrodynamically driven device (HDD) and carbon nanotubes for lymphatic delivery have also been appraised.

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