scholarly journals High Salt Intake and Risk of Chronic Bronchitis: The Copenhagen Male Study—A 10-Year Followup

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Suadicani ◽  
Hans Ole Hein ◽  
Finn Gyntelberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Occupational Dust Exposure

Objective. The role of salt intake as a risk factor for asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and other bronchial symptoms has been addressed in a number of studies. Collectively, these studies indicate an increased risk of bronchial symptoms with high consumption of salt, but the issue remains controversial. We tested prospectively the hypothesis that salt intake would be an independent risk factor for chronic bronchitis (CB). Design. A 10-year prospective study of 2,183 men aged 46 to 65 years without any relevant lung symptoms at baseline. Main Outcome. Chronic bronchitis. Results. During the 10-year followup, the overall incidence of CB was 7.1% among men without any relevant lung symptoms at baseline. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, smoking habits, occupational dust exposure, alcohol use, and social class, the odds ratio associated with self-assessed high salt preference (reported by 24%) was 1.6 (1.1–2.4). Interpretation. The results suggest that salt restriction may prevent chronic bronchitis.

Measured sodium excretion is associated with CKD progression: results from the KNOW-CKD study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Kang ◽  
Eunjeong Kang ◽  
Hyunjin Ryu ◽  
Yeji Hong ◽  
Seung Seok Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Diet is a modifiable factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, the effect of dietary salt intake on CKD progression remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of dietary salt intake on renal outcome in Korean patients with CKD. Methods We measured 24-h urinary sodium (Na) excretion as a marker of dietary salt intake in the prospective, multi-center, longitudinal KoreaN cohort study for Outcome in patients With CKD (KNOW-CKD). Data were analyzed from CKD patients at Stages G3a to G5 (n = 1254). We investigated the association between dietary salt intake and CKD progression. Patients were divided into four quartiles of dietary salt intake, which was assessed using measured 24-h urinary Na excretion. The study endpoint was composite renal outcome, which was defined as either halving the estimated glomerular filtration rate or developing end-stage renal disease. Results During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 4.3 (2.8–5.8) years, 480 (38.7%) patients developed the composite renal event. Compared with the reference group (Q2, urinary Na excretion: 104.2 ≤ Na excretion < 145.1 mEq/day), the highest quartile of measured 24-h urinary Na excretion was associated with risk of composite renal outcome [Q4, urinary Na excretion ≥192.9 mEq/day, hazard ratio 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.12–2.88); P = 0.015] in a multivariable hazards model. Subgroup analyses showed that high-salt intake was particularly associated with a higher risk of composite renal outcome in women, in patients <60 years of age, in those with uncontrolled hypertension and in those with obesity. Conclusions High salt intake was associated with increased risk of progression in CKD.

High dietary salt intake increases carotid blood pressure and wave reflection in normotensive healthy young men

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian J. Starmans-Kool ◽  
Alice V. Stanton ◽  
Yun Y. Xu ◽  
Simon A. McG Thom ◽  
Kim H. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

Dietary salt intake is associated with high brachial blood pressure (BP) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether changes in dietary salt intake are associated with changes in central BP and wave reflection in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy normotensive male volunteers (22–40 yr) participated in a 6-wk double-blind randomized crossover study to compare a low-dietary salt intake (60–80 mmol sodium/day) with a high-salt intake (low salt intake supplemented with 128 mmol sodium/day) on central BP and wave reflection. Brachial and carotid BP, carotid blood flow velocity, forward (Pf) and backward (Pb) pressure, wave intensity, body weight, and urinary electrolyte excretion were measured at the end of each crossover period. High salt intake significantly increased carotid systolic BP [98 (SD 11) vs. 91 mmHg (SD 13), P < 0.01] and increased wave reflection [ratio of backward to forward pressure (Pb/Pf) 0.13 (SD 0.02) vs. 0.11 (SD 0.03), P = 0.04] despite only small effects on brachial BP [114 (SD 9) vs. 112 mmHg (SD 6), P = 0.1]. Urinary sodium excretion and body weight were also increased following high salt intake. High salt intake disproportionately increases central BP compared with brachial BP as a result of enhanced wave reflection. These effects may contribute to the adverse effect of high dietary salt intake on the risk of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Population-based Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Measures Aimed at Reducing Salt Intake: Analysis of International Strategies and Prospects for Implementation in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-976
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
A. V. Kontsevaya ◽  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
D. K. Mukaneeva ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Main Components

High salt intake is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), closely related to the level of blood pressure in the population. The purpose of the review: to study population-based interventions for CVD prevention, aimed at reducing salt intake; to assess the potential for their implementation in the Russian Federation. We presented population-based strategies for dietary salt intake reduction used in different countries. The main components of strategies aimed to correct this risk factor in the Russian Federation were identified. The main components of the population-based approach to reducing salt intake are: determining population salt consumption, identifying sources of salt in the diet, monitoring of salt content in products, engaging with the food industry, consumer awareness campaigns, changes in product labeling, tax measures. An integrated approach to the problem is the most successful. Measures which were highly effective have not yet been fully implemented in the Russian Federation. At the moment, taxation of high-salt foods and tax subsidies for healthy food are not applied. Food manufacturers are not sufficiently involved - there are no legislatively introduced measures to reduce salt through food reformulation. Firstly it has to be applied to diet-forming products that are consumed daily, such as bakery and dairy products, and meat products.

Abstract P386: Salt is an Important Risk Factor for Hypertension in Rural Disadvantaged Populations

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asvini K Subasinghe ◽  
Simin Arabshahi ◽  
Doreen Busingye ◽  
Roger G Evans ◽  
Karen Z Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hypertension is the greatest contributor to mortality globally, and its prevalence is high in low to middle income countries (LMICs). High salt intake and poor dietary choices are associated with the risk of hypertension, but their role in rural areas of LMICs is unclear. Hypotheses: We aimed to establish the prevalence of high salt intake and to examine whether there is a clear relationship between high salt intake and hypertension in disadvantaged rural settings. We also aimed to assess the available information about the association of hypertension with other dietary factors. Methods: We searched electronic databases to identify studies in rural LMICs, in which the association of salt and other dietary factors with hypertension were assessed using multivariable models. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess these associations using a random effects model. Results: We identified 13 studies with a total of 134,404 participants for the systematic review. The pooled effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for studies in which salt intake was assessed as a categorical variable (n=5) were 1.31 (95% CI: 1.19,1.44) in all participants, 1.70 (0.99,2.92) in males and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04,1.54) in females. We also found a positive association between fat intake and the risk of hypertension (n=2) 1.47 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.90).There were few studies of other dietary factors and hypertension in rural regions of LMICs. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, no other systematic review and or meta-analyses have been conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and hypertension in rural populations of LMICs. Our findings show that high salt intake is a significant risk factor for hypertension in rural areas of LMICs. We also show a large gap in the literature regarding the relationship between dietary factors other than salt with the risk of hypertension. Salt reduction strategies should be implemented on a community level in these populations in order to drive a change in dietary behaviour.

scholarly journals High Salt Intake and Stroke: Meta-analysis of the Epidemiologic Evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yang Li ◽  
Xian-Lei Cai ◽  
Ping-Da Bian ◽  
Liu-Ru Hu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
High Salt Intake

scholarly journals Differential responses to salt supplementation in adult male and female rat adrenal glands following intrauterine growth restriction

2011 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Bibeau ◽  
Mélissa Otis ◽  
Jean St-Louis ◽  
Nicole Gallo-Payet ◽  
Michèle Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
High Salt Intake

In low sodium-induced intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) rat, foetal adrenal steroidogenesis as well as the adult renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is altered. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of cytochrome P450 aldosterone synthase (P450aldo) and of angiotensin II receptor subtypes 1 (AT1R) and 2 (AT2R) in adult adrenal glands and whether this expression could be influenced by IUGR and by high-salt intake in a sex-specific manner. After 6 weeks of 0.9% NaCl supplementation, plasma renin activity, P450aldo expression and serum aldosterone levels were decreased in all groups. In males, IUGR induced an increase in AT1R, AT2R, and P450aldo levels, without changes in morphological appearance of the zona glomerulosa (ZG). By contrast, in females, IUGR had no effect on the expression of AT1R, but increased AT2R mRNA while decreasing protein expression of AT2R and P450aldo. In males, salt intake in IUGR rats reduced both AT1R mRNA and protein, while for AT2R, mRNA levels decreased whereas protein expression increased. In females, salt intake reduced ZG size in IUGR but had no affect on AT1R or AT2R expression in either group. These results indicate that, in response to IUGR and subsequently to salt intake, P450aldo, AT1R, and AT2R levels are differentially expressed in males and females. However, despite these adrenal changes, adult IUGR rats display adequate physiological and adrenal responses to high-salt intake, via RAAS inhibition, thus suggesting that extra-adrenal factors likely compensate for ZG alterations induced by IUGR.

scholarly journals High fat and/or high salt intake during pregnancy alters maternal meta-inflammation and offspring growth and metabolic profiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. e12110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Reynolds ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Claudia J. Harrison ◽  
Stephanie A. Segovia ◽  
Clint Gray
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Offspring Growth
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