Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arna Bontemps
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Training School ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The University

This chapter looks at the history of Provident Hospital, which had been started by Negro doctors in the late nineteenth century to address the poor health conditions among Negroes in Chicago, with particular emphasis on its role in addressing the high mortality rates due to tuberculosis on the South Side during the period. It begins with an overview of Provident Hospital, which opened in 1891 with thirteen beds and the first training school for Negro nurses in the United States, and considers some of its doctors, led by Dr. Daniel Williams. It then discusses Provident's alliance with the University of Chicago that established the hospital as a recognized educational center, along with its affiliation with the city's important social agencies through its Social Services Department. It also describes Provident's initiative to solve the problem of proper hospitalization of tuberculosis patients in Chicago through its Department of Medicine in collaboration with white physicians and social workers.

scholarly journals Brief History of Islamic Civilization from Its Genesis in the Late Nineteenth Century to Its Institutional Entrenchment

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-173
Author(s):  
Kevin Van Bladel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
General Education ◽  
Social Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
The University

This article sketches the early history of Islamic civilization from its genesis in the late nineteenth century to its institutionalization in the twentieth. Key moments include its enshrinement in journals and a monumental encyclopedia and the flight of European Semitists to the United States. Its institutionalization in the undergraduate curriculum at the University of Chicago in 1956 created a successful model for the subsequent dissemination of Islamic civilization. Working in a committee on general education (the core curriculum) in the social sciences at the University of Chicago, Marshall Hodgson inaugurated Islamic civilization as a subject of university study that was not just for specialists but available to American college students as fulfilling a basic requirement in a liberal arts education. Many other universities followed this practice. Since then, Islamic civilization has come to be shared by the educated public. Today it is an internationally accepted and wellfunded entity that confers contested social power but still lacks analytical power. 

Land Transportation

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-350
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Fehring ◽  
Terry S. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Distance Transport

The engineering involved in transportation provided one of the points from which the modern mechanical engineering profession in the United States emerged. The shops that produced the steam engines for river boats and the locomotives for railroads had, by the 1840s, become a leading training ground for the first generation of professional mechanical engineers. As railroads became the primary means of long-distance transport for goods in the late nineteenth century, they also became a leading employer of mechanical engineers. Not surprisingly, the Rail Transportation Division was one of the original eight divisions created when ASME in 1920 adopted a divisional organization; it remains among that organization’s most active divisions. Unfortunately, despite the rail industry’s importance to American history and to the history of mechanical engineering, few articles dealing with the history of this form of land transportation have appeared in Mechanical Engineering magazine over the past fifty years. None were selected for this volume.

Cities of Zion

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-66
Author(s):  
Samuel Avery-Quinn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Camp Meeting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In the late nineteenth century, camp meeting towns were a common feature of the American landscape. The boards of Methodist ministers and laity overseeing these towns adopted management and planning strategies drawn from movements for romantic suburbs, sanitary reform, and urban parks. The strategies these Methodists adopted represent a practice of vernacular planning crafted decades before the professionalization of the discipline in the United States. Analysis of the planning history of two sites—Ocean Grove, NJ, and Round Lake, NY—reveals factors shaping this development of Methodistic town planning.

The Project for a New Anglo Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Constituent Elements

This chapter sketches a synoptic intellectual history of the attempt to unify the constituent elements of the “Anglo-world” into a single globe-spanning community, and to harness its purported world-historical potential as an agent of order and justice. Since the late nineteenth century numerous commentators have preached the benefits of unity, though they have often disagreed on the institutional form it should assume. These are projects for the creation of a new Anglo century. The first two sections of the chapter explore overlapping elements of the fin de siècle Anglo-world discourse. The third section traces the echoes of debates over the future relationship between the empire and the United States through the twentieth century, discussing the interlacing articulation of imperial-commonwealth, Anglo-American, democratic unionist, and world federalist projects. The final section discusses contemporary accounts of Anglo-world supremacy.

The Telephone Patents: Intellectual Property, Business, and the Law in the United States and Britain, 1876—1900

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Christopher Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Telephone Industry ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Perspective

This dissertation summary introduces a new perspective on the legal and economic history of patents in the late nineteenth century. Through a case study of the early telephone industry in Britain and the United States, the dissertation explores interactions between business strategies and national legal regimes, and proposes a revised view of the multi-layered relationship between patents and industrial organization.

The Temperance Movement in India: Politics and Social Reform

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Carroll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Temperance Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The temperance/prohibition agitation represents a fascinating chapter in the social and political history of India which has been largely ignored. If any notice is taken of this movement, it is generally dismissed (or elevated) as an example of the uniquely Indian process of ‘sanskritization’ or as an equally unique component of ‘Gandhianism’—in spite of the fact that the liquor question has not been without political importance in the history either of England or of the United States. And in spite of the fact that the temperance agitation in India in the late nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century was intimately connected with temperance agitation in England. Indeed the temperance movement in India was organized, patronized, and instructed by English temperance agitators.

Modern Arabic Literature as Seen in the Late Nineteenth Century: Jurji Murqus’s Contribution to Korsh and Kirpichnikov’s Vseobshchaya Istoriya Literatury*

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The University ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
Modern Arabic

This chapter discusses modern Arabic literature as seen in the late nineteenth century by focusing on Jurji Ibrahim Murqus's contribution to Vseobshchaya Istoriya literatury (Universal History of Literature), edited by V. F. Korsh and A. I. Kirpichnikov. Murqus was a Syrian academic migrant who left Damascus in 1860. He studied at the Faculty of Oriental Languages of the University of St Petersburg and taught Arabic at the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow. This chapter presents a slightly abridged rendering of Murqus's text, which concentrates on the evolution of the Arabic language, on prose writers and on translators. It also considers Murqus's position where prose genres are concerned, with particular emphasis on his recognition of the significance of travel writing, as well as his views on translation. Finally, it suggests that Mustafa Badawi would have disputed some of Murqus's statements on sound scholarly grounds.

scholarly journals Discovering "os ianques do sul": towards an entangled Luso-Hispanic history of Latin America

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ori Preuss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Latin Americanism

The article reconstructs the largely forgotten role of key Brazilian intellectuals in the Latins-versus-Anglo-Saxons debates that developed around 1898, emphasizing the embeddedness of their thinking in the transnational crossings of men and ideas within South America. It thus challenges the common depiction of late-nineteenth-century Latin Americanism as a purely Spanish American phenomenon and of the United States as its major catalyst, allowing a more nuanced understanding of this movement' s nature.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adam Goodman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter explores the history of expulsion and exposes the various ways immigration authorities have forced, coerced, and scared people into leaving the United States from the late nineteenth century to the present. It reveals how public officials have assembled a well-oiled deportation machine, propelled by bureaucratic self-interest as well as the concerns of local communities and private firms. The chapter focuses on the deportation machine's three expulsion mechanisms: formal deportation, voluntary departure, and self-deportation. It analyzes how authorities have used the expulsion mechanisms to exert tremendous control over people's lives by determining who can enter the country and regulating who the state allows to remain. It also talks about how undocumented immigrants and their allies have endured, adapted, and resisted to demand their constitutional rights and challenge what they have considered to be unjust laws and inhumane treatment.

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