scholarly journals Financial Situation Unique Indicator for Electric Sector Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Aracéli Cristina de S. Ferreira ◽  
Vinicius Mothe Maia ◽  
Dilo S. de Carvalho Vianna ◽  
Juliana Molina Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Electric Energy ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Electric Sector ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Global Performance

This paper develops a unique indicator to identify the financial situation of firms in the electric sector in Brazil. The National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) regulates this sector through five dimensions: indebtedness, efficiency, investment, profitability, and pay-out ratio. Each of these dimensions contains one or two indicators. Based on these indicators, we develop a unique indicator that shows companies' financial situation. To create a unique indicator, we follow the idea of Altman’s solvency indicator. But, we use a logit regression. Our dependent variable is Global Performance of Continuity which indicates the financial situation of the firm. Our independent variables are based on the five dimensions of the ANEEL indicators for financial situation. We collect data from 2011 to 2018. This research follows three main steps: (1) Collection of the data from the ANEEL database; (2) Creation of variables based on ANEEL’s five dimensions of performance; and (3) Econometric proceedings with variables according to ANEEL’s data and indicators of each dimension. First, we estimate one regression with all variables created based on ANEEL’s five dimensions. Then, we make improvements to find a more suitable model with different combinations of variables. We chose the best model by analysing the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Our results show that the unique indicator we create to evaluate firm performance is based on Debt, Efficiency, Investment (CapexA) and the Pay-out Ratio.

Part 2 Specific Issues of Arbitration in Brazil, 22 Electric Energy Arbitration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grion Renato Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
South America ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
Electric Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Levels

This concluding chapter examines electric energy arbitration in Brazil. An appropriately developed electric sector is a key element for any country's economic and social growth. It requires an adequate volume of investment, either domestic or foreign, in order to meet the regularly increasing needs of all stakeholders involved in such market, including the population. Brazil's electricity sector is the largest in South America and plays an important role in the country's economy. Moreover, Brazil has its own and well-functioning electricity generation system. To keep up with the development and needs of such a system, the Brazilian legal and regulatory framework has undergone through important changes over the past 25 years or so. A well-established and complex set of rules and regulations is now in place; in this context, arbitration has been steadily introduced as an alternative method to resolve the disputes arising in that sector. The chapter then provides an overview of the electric energy market in Brazil, with some historical milestones and details on the steps taken for its modernization, as well as its current structure. It also analyses how arbitration has now become an important part of this complex system, in which a variety of actors operate at different levels.

Conceptual Design of Sulfur-Iodine Hydrogen Production Cycle of Korea Institute of Energy Research

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonchul Cho ◽  
Kikwang Bae ◽  
Chusik Park ◽  
Changhee Kim ◽  
Kyoungsoo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Extractive Distillation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The Sulfur-Iodine thermochemical cycle offers a promising approach to the high efficiency production of hydrogen from nuclear power. Several SI cycles have been proposed by several research group. General Atomic (GA) studied I2 separation by extractive distillation using H3PO4. RWTH introduced the concept of reactive distillation. In this process, HIx stream coming from the Bunsen reaction is fed to the column. And HIx is distillated and decomposed at the same time to obtain hydrogen. Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) and Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) concentrate HIx using electro-dialysis cell and concentrated HIx is fed to the column to produce HI vapor, which is decomposed to produce hydrogen. HI was separated from HIx solution by an extractive distillation using H3PO4. However, a large amount of electric energy was required to recycle H3PO4. Most of SI processes have difficulties producing hydrogen because it has excess iodine in HI decomposition Section. SI cycle with electrodialysis cell uses membrane reactor to separate H2 and HIx. The current state of the membrane technology is not compatible with the process needs. This study examined several cases of flowsheets to overcome the problems mentioned above. The flowsheets were revised by adding the iodine separator and excluding membrane reactor. The thermal efficiency of SI process was analyzed using the revised flowsheet.

scholarly journals Fitting mathematical models to lactation curves from holstein cows in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abílio G.T. Ferreira ◽  
Douglas S. Henrique ◽  
Ricardo A.M. Vieira ◽  
Emilyn M. Maeda ◽  
Altair A. Valotto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The State ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Quality Of Fit ◽  
Wood Model

The objective of this study was to evaluate four mathematical models with regards to their fit to lactation curves of Holstein cows from herds raised in the southwestern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Initially, 42,281 milk production records from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from "Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH)". Data lacking dates of drying and total milk production at 305 days of lactation were excluded, resulting in a remaining 15,142 records corresponding to 2,441 Holstein cows. Data were sorted according to the parity order (ranging from one to six), and within each parity order the animals were divided into quartiles (Q25%, Q50%, Q75% and Q100%) corresponding to 305-day lactation yield. Within each parity order, for each quartile, four mathematical models were adjusted, two of which were predominantly empirical (Brody and Wood) whereas the other two presented more mechanistic characteristics (models Dijkstra and Pollott). The quality of fit was evaluated by the corrected Akaike information criterion. The Wood model showed the best fit in almost all evaluated situations and, therefore, may be considered as the most suitable model to describe, at least empirically, the lactation curves of Holstein cows raised in Southwestern Parana.

scholarly journals International migration beyond gravity: A statistical model for use in population projections

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (40) ◽  
pp. 15269-15274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel E. Cohen ◽  
Marta Roig ◽  
Daniel C. Reuman ◽  
Cai GoGwilt
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Bayesian Information Criterion ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Starting Model ◽  
Country Specific

International migration will play an increasing role in the demographic future of most nations if fertility continues to decline globally. We developed an algorithm to project future numbers of international migrants from any country or region to any other. The proposed generalized linear model (GLM) used geographic and demographic independent variables only (the population and area of origins and destinations of migrants, the distance between origin and destination, the calendar year, and indicator variables to quantify nonrandom characteristics of individual countries). The dependent variable, yearly numbers of migrants, was quantified by 43653 reports from 11 countries of migration from 228 origins and to 195 destinations during 1960–2004. The final GLM based on all data was selected by the Bayesian information criterion. The number of migrants per year from origin to destination was proportional to (population of origin)0.86(area of origin)−0.21(population of destination)0.36(distance)−0.97, multiplied by functions of year and country-specific indicator variables. The number of emigrants from an origin depended on both its population and its population density. For a variable initial year and a fixed terminal year 2004, the parameter estimates appeared stable. Multiple R2, the fraction of variation in log numbers of migrants accounted for by the starting model, improved gradually with recentness of the data: R2 = 0.57 for data from 1960 to 2004, R2 = 0.59 for 1985–2004, R2 = 0.61 for 1995–2004, and R2 = 0.64 for 2000–2004. The migration estimates generated by the model may be embedded in deterministic or stochastic population projections.

scholarly journals Predicting the Incidence of Brucellosis in Western Iran using Markov switching model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mohammadian-Khoshnoud ◽  
Majid Sadeghifar ◽  
Zahra Cheraghi ◽  
Zahra Hosseinkhani
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Information Criterion ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Markov Switching ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Markov Switching Model ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Switching Model ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonosis almost chronic disease. Brucellosis bacteria can remain in the environment for a long time. Thus, climate irregularities could pave the way for the survival of the bacterium Brucellosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of climatic factors as well as predicting the incidence of Brucellosis in Qazvin province using the Markov switching model. This study is a secondary study of data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Qazvin province. The data include Brucellosis cases and climatic parameters. Two state Markov switching model with time lags of zero, one and two was fitted to the data. The Bayesian information criterion was used to evaluate the models. Results: According to the Bayesian information criterion, the two-state Markov switching model with a one-month lag is a suitable model. The month, the average wind speed, the minimum temperature have a positive effect on the number of Brucellosis, the age and rainfall have a negative effect. The results show that the probability of an outbreak for the third month of 2019 is 0.30%.

scholarly journals MODEL REGRESI TOBIT KONSUMSI SUSU CAIR PABRIK (Studi Kasus Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Bali)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
I PUTU JERYANA ◽  
I PUTU EKA NILA KENCANA ◽  
G. K. GANDHIADI
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dairy Milk ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

Regression analysis is used to study the relationship between dependent (response) variable with one or more independent (causal) variables. While response data were censored, then Tobit regression model could be applied.  According to Greene (2003), censored data were data with incomplete observation or the dependent variable has a value of zero, while for the other observations have particular value.  This research aimed to model dairy milk’s consumption from households at Bali Province.  By using data from Survey SosialEkonomiNasional (SUSENAS) or Social Economy’s National Survey (SENS) for year 2012, 615 households were selected as sampling unit using simple random sampling technique, and found 123 households who consumed dairy milk.  The independent variables in our model were last education level completed by head of household’s (X1), head of household’s work (X2), age of head of household’s (X3),  amount of expenditure for food consumption’s (X4), number of household members (X5), and household income (X6), the response variable was budget for buying dairy milk (Y).  From six independent variables, is found only last education level by head household and amount of expenditure for food consumption had siginficant effect on Y’s.  The final Tobit regression model were obtained using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) method is Y = -3314724 + 565429,7 X1 + 0,014278 X4 with pseudo R2 as much as 16.79 per cent.

scholarly journals As agências reguladoras e a captura: um ensaio sobre os desvios regulatórios na Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica/Regulatory agencies and capture: an assay on regulatory deviations at the National Electrical Energy Agency

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Félix Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Models

<p>A criação das agências reguladoras no Brasil baseou-se nos modelos Americano e Britânico de regulamentação os quais, apresentavam condições históricas, sociais, políticas e sistema jurídico distintos do Brasileiro. Considerando este importante aspecto, o artigo tem por objetivo retomar o cenário de implantação das agências nestes países, apontando as particularidades do setor elétrico. O estudo avaliará ainda a assimetria de informações e o poder de coesão e influência regulatória dos agentes do setor, em relação à possibilidade de desvios de finalidade da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). A discussão sobre o conceito de regulação e sua eficácia se inicia nos EUA na década de 1970 quando seus principais teóricos (Stigler, Posner e Peltzman) criticam a ideia de que as agências são eficientes em corrigir os desequilíbrios dos mercados e que atuam em prol do interesse público. Assim, as agências deste país, a partir da década de 1980, sofrem restrições à sua autoridade, controle judicial e competências. Na contramão deste movimento nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, são criadas na Inglaterra e no Brasil respectivamente, as agências de regulação como autarquias especiais as quais possuem autonomia administrativa e financeira além de estabilidade dos dirigentes. Sua criação se fez necessária com a privatização das empresas estatais.</p><p> </p><p>The creation of regulatory agencies in Brazil was based on the American and British regulatory models which, however, had historical, social, political and legal system completely distinct from the Brazilian. Considering this important aspect, this study aims to resume the scenario that occurred the implementation of the regulatory framework in these countries, pointing to the particularities of the electricity sector. The study will also assess information asymmetry and power of cohesion and regulatory influence of the agents of the sector, related to deviations from the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL). The discussion on the concept of regulation and its effectiveness begins in the US from the 1970s when its main theoreticians (Stigler, Posner and Peltzman) criticized the idea that the regulatory agencies are effective in correcting the imbalances of markets and act in the public interest. For this reason, agencies of this country, from the 1980s, are restricted to their authority, and judicial powers. Against this act, England and Brazil in the late 1980s and 1990s, respectively, created the regulatory agencies as special municipalities which have administrative and financial autonomy as well as stability leaders and fixed term. Their creation was necessary given the privatization of state companies.</p>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Genetic Parameter Estimation in a Small Flock of Merino Sheep with Shallow Pedigree

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-926
Author(s):  
Serdar Duru ◽  
Mehmet Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Maternal Heritability ◽  
Daily Gain

In this study, the genetic and non-genetic parameters were estimated for growth traits of Karacabey merino sheep. Growth performance data refer to 1863 lambs born between 2016 and 2018. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood fitting animal models and disregarding or including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effect. Six different animal model were fitted for all traits, and the most suitable model for each trait was chosen after Akaike information criterion test (AIC). Year of birth, age of dam, type of birth and lamb sex were significant sources of variation on birth weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio (KR), weaning weight (WW) and six month weight (6MW). Direct heritability (h^2) for BW, ADG and 6MW were 0.12, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively, however, for KR and WW were 0.00 model 6 (which the best). The estimates of maternal heritability (m^2) for ADG, KR and WW were 0.12, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively in model 5, also maternal heritability were low for BW and 6MW. Maternal permanent environmental effects (c^2) have high contribution to the explanation growth traits and were estimated between 0.19 and 0.75 for these traits. These results showed that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects for Karacabey merino in the herd would generate very slow genetic improvement in growth traits.

scholarly journals PERILAKU DEBITUR DALAM MENENTUKAN PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH (STUDI PADA BPRS DI WILAYAH TANGERANG DAN BEKASI)

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnil Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Time ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study is to measure the preferences of debtor in shariah financing. Analysis method that used in this research is logit regression. Independent variables of this research are age, type of business, busines turnover, time, location, and value of financing. From the research it can be concluded that the debtor is engaged in the trade sektor, which has a turnover of approximately 20 – 50 millior/month, businesses located in the market, runs its business more than 2 years, borrowers who become customers of the bank for one year and the value of financing 10-25 million given to banks is more dominant in determining murabahah financing.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v11i1.1874

scholarly journals The impact of socioeconomic conditions, social networks, and health on frail older people’s life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Berglund ◽  
Henna Hasson ◽  
Katarina Wilhelmson ◽  
Anna Dunér ◽  
Synneve Dahlin-Ivanoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Independent Variables

It has been shown that frailty is associated with low levels of wellbeing and life satisfaction. Further exploration is needed, however, to better understand which components constitute life satisfaction for frail older people and how satisfaction is related to other life circumstances. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between frail older people’s life satisfaction and their socioeconomic conditions, social networks, and health-related conditions. A cross-sectional study was conducted (n=179). A logistic regression analysis was performed, including life satisfaction as the dependent variable and 12 items as independent variables. Four of the independent variables made statistically significant contributions: financial situation (OR 3.53), social contacts (OR 2.44), risk of depression (OR 2.26), and selfrated health (OR 2.79). This study demonstrates that financial situation, self-rated health conditions and social networks are important components for frail older people’s life satisfaction. Health and social care professionals and policy makers should consider this knowledge in the care and service for frail older people; and actions that benefit life satisfaction − such as social support − should be promoted.

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