scholarly journals Marandu palisade grass management strategies at the beginning of the deferment period and effects on tillering

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Amanda Bortoleto Ávila ◽  
Angélica Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel De Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Flavia De Oliveira Scarpino Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Tiller Mortality

Pasture mowing at the beginning of deferment stimulates tillering and can be used in different ways. The aim of this study was to understand how the mowing of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisade grass) prior to the deferment period modifies tillering activity and the characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers. Three mowing strategies were evaluated: canopies kept at a height of 15 cm for five months before deferment (15/15 cm); canopies kept at 30 cm (30/15 cm) or 45 cm (45/15 cm) for five months before deferment and posteriorly cut to 15 cm at the start of the deferment period. The structural characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers of marandu palisade grass were compared only at the end of the deferment period. The tiller appearance rate was greater before (16.0%) than during (6.4%) the deferment period, but a contrasting response pattern was observed for the tiller mortality rate. The defoliation strategies that resulted in greater numbers of tillers in the canopies were 30/15 cm (2,098 tillers m-²) and 45/15 cm (2,160 tillers m-2). The defoliation strategy that generated the greatest percentage of young tillers in the canopy was 45/15 cm (26.1%), while the percentage of old tillers was greater in the canopies submitted to the 15/15 cm (64.1%) and 30/15 cm (61.5%) strategies. Weight and percentage of live stems of mature and old tillers were greater in relation to young tillers. The percentage of live leaves was grater in young tillers (52.6%), intermediate in mature tillers (41.4%), and lower in old tillers (21.3%). Regarding the percentage of dead leaves, the opposite trend was observed, where the percentage was greater in the old than in young tillers. Leaf area was greater in mature tillers (55.3 cm²) than in old tillers (29.2 cm²). Mowing of the marandu palisade grass to 15 cm at the beginning of the deferment period increases the number of young tillers, which have a more favorable morphological composition than mature and old tillers.

scholarly journals Tillering dynamics in spring and summer of marandu palisade grass pastures previously used under deferred grazing

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422-1430
Author(s):  
B.H.R. Carvalho ◽  
J.A. Martuscello ◽  
G.O. Rocha ◽  
N.A.M. Silva ◽  
G.S. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Tiller Mortality

ABSTRACT This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of deferred pasture condition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in the late winter on tillering during the growing season. The treatments were three pasture conditions at late winter: short pasture, tall pasture and tall/mown pasture. In September and October, tiller appearance rate (TApR) and tiller mortality rate (TMoR) were greater in the tall/mown pasture. In November and December, tall pasture presented greater TApR. From November to January the TMoR was greater in the tall pasture. The tiller stability index of short and tall/mown pastures were greater in October. The short pasture presented a greater tiller number than the tall and tall/mown pastures during the entire experimental period. Deferred and short pasture of marandu palisade grass at late winter presents in general lower tiller mortality and higher population density of tillers from the early spring onwards, in comparison to tall pasture. The mowing of marandu palisade grass with high forage mass at the late winter, although it only temporarily compromises the population stability of tillers, also stimulates its fast tillering from spring on.

scholarly journals Cassava wastewater as organic fertilizer in ‘Marandu’ grass pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio G. S. Bezerra ◽  
Gualter G. C. da Silva ◽  
Gelson dos S. Difante ◽  
João V. Emerenciano Neto ◽  
Ermelinda M. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Cassava Wastewater

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of wastewater from the cassava processing as organic fertilizer on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’. The treatments were wastewater doses (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m3 ha-1), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The structural characteristics and morphological composition of the pastures were evaluated, from July 2013 to January 2014. The addition of wastewater promoted a positive linear increase in the three cuts for the canopy height, light interception and leaf area index. The maximum dry matter (DM) production was obtained with 120 m3 ha-1 of wastewater (2796 kg ha-1 of DM in the second cut). The mass of senescent material in the second and third cuts fitted to positive linear equation. The increase in wastewater doses promoted the reduction of undesirable plants. The recommended dose of residual water in pastures of ‘Marandu’ grass is 120 m3 ha-1, which promotes a higher mass of forage and lower of undesirable plants.

scholarly journals Structure of piatã palisadegrass deferred for two periods and fertilised with nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Hélio Henrique Vilela ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
N Dose ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Preliminary Recommendation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The deferred pasture structure determines the consumption and performance of grazing animals and, in addition, can be influenced by the duration of the deferment period and nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã (piatã palisadegrass) deferred for two periods (79 and 127 days) and with four N doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design involved complete randomised blocks and a subdivided plot scheme, with three replications. The 127-day period of deferment resulted in a higher forage mass, falling index, stem percentage and density, but a lower number of tillers, percentage and volumetric density of live leaf blade. The N dose increment, in general, worsened the structural characteristics of the piatã palisadegrass deferred for 127 days. However, with the 79-day period, the N fertilisation increased the volumetric density of live leaf blades and reduced the stem percentage in the forage mass. As a preliminary recommendation, piatã palisadegrass can be deferred for 79 days and fertilised with up to 90 kg ha-1 of N in the region of Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

scholarly journals Dynamics and stability of Marandu grass tillers in monocrop systems and babassu palm silvopastoral systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42445
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alves de Araújo ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Clésio Santos Costa ◽  
Francisco Naysson Sousa Santos ◽  
Antonio José Temístocles Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Babassu Palm ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Stability

 This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics, population density of tillers and stability index of Urochloa brizantha in silvopastoral systems composed of babassu palm trees in the Pre-Amazon region. Four systems consisting of different densities of palm trees (80, 131, and 160 palms ha-1) and a monocrop were evaluated. The rates at which the basal tillers appeared in systems with 131 and 160 palms ha-1 were similar to each other and were slower compared to the monocrop pasture and the system with 80 palms ha-1. Despite the variations, the stability index was always higher than 1.0, which infers a compensatory mechanism between tiller appearance and mortality rate, since monocrop pastures and systems with 80 palms ha-1 have a higher rate of tissue turnover with high rates of tiller appearance and mortality; in contrast, the system with 160 palms ha-1 presents high tiller survival rates. Both the 160 and 131 palms ha-1 systems indicate impaired canopy renewal, as seen in the low appearance rate of basal tillers due to shading. As such, the tillering dynamics of the systems vary according to the density of palm trees, and the smaller tree densities favor the tiller turnover in the first generations evaluated.

scholarly journals Mowing and lowering the marandu palisadegrass sward height at late winter improve the sward structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Cesar Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Flávia de Oliveira Scarpino Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The structure of the sward is important because it influences the responses of plants and animals in grazing conditions. The objective with this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of the Marandu palisade grass pasture (Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha) during spring and summer, depending on the condition of the sward at the end of winter. Four grazing conditions at the end of winter were evaluated: short (24.1 cm), short (25.2 cm)/mown (8 cm), tall (49.0 cm) and tall (50.0 cm)/mown (8 cm). The foliar area index was lower in the tall pasture than in the tall/mown pasture. The mass and the volumetric density of dead stem were higher in the tall pasture, intermediate in the short pasture, and lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the grazing period, the live stem mass was higher in the tall pasture. At the beginning and middle of the grazing period, the volumetric density of dead leaf lamina was lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the pasture period, the short pasture had a higher tiller number (TN). In the middle of the grazing period, the short and short/mown pastures had higher TN. At the end of the pasture period, the lowest TN value occurred in the tall pasture. The tall pasture at the end of winter presents an unfavorable structure to the animal in grazing, while the mowing and reduction in the height of the marandu palisade grass improves the structure of the sward in spring and summer.

scholarly journals Height and mowing of pasture at the end of winter modulate the tillering of Marandu palisadegrass in spring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Lilian Elgalise Techio Pereira ◽  
André Fischer Sbrissia ◽  
Gabriel De Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Tiller Recruitment ◽  
Intense Process

In pastures subjected to stockpiling, the tiller population goes through an intense process of self-thinning, hindering the recruitment of new tillers in the subsequent season. We evaluated different pasture management strategies in late winter in an attempt to modify tiller recruitment during spring. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu was maintained at 4 different levels (heights) of stockpiled pasture at the end of winter: short (15.1 cm), medium (23.2 cm), tall (31.4 cm) and tall/mown (31.3 cm, mown to 8 cm). In October (early spring), the short and tall/mown pastures had a tiller appearance rate (TAR) and a population stability index (PSI) superior (P<0.05) to that of the tall pasture. During the remainder of the growing season, these characteristics (TAR and PSI) were similar for all pastures. Tiller survival rate (TSR) was also highest (P<0.05) in short pasture in early spring. TAR values were highest in early spring and these tillers persisted throughout the growing season. When stockpiling Marandu palisadegrass pasture during spring it is important to have it short at the end of winter to ensure early and intense tillering in spring. If pasture is tall at the end of winter mowing at this time before spelling is advantageous.

scholarly journals Defoliation dynamics of Brachiaria brizantha pastures with distinct structural characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bezerra Fernandes ◽  
Rodrigo Amorim Barbosa ◽  
RaÍsa Turcato De Oliveira ◽  
Caio Vinicio Vargas De Oliveira ◽  
Cauby de Medeiros-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Although belonging to the same species, different Brachiaria brizantha varieties used for pasture vary significantly in their morphological structure. Therefore, this study starts from the central hypothesis that the defoliation dynamics during the period of occupation by animals in pastures formed by Brachiaria brizantha under rotational stocking varies among cultivars during the year. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three treatments and three repetitions, with the cultivars consisting of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés, BRS Paiaguás, and Ecótipo B4. The defoliation patterns during the grazing periods were estimated using the marked tiller technique. Despite alterations in the tiller and forage mass components in the wet and dry seasons, no variations were observed in the tiller defoliation dynamics and the respective structural components. In the wet season, the area grazed only once was greater for BRS Paiaguás compared to the other two cultivars, but the other areas representing the grazing horizons were equally exploited among the grass varieties during the year. Therefore, based on the defoliation dynamics of pastures in Brazil’s tropical climate, it is possible to suggest that pastures formed by grasses with different structures and growth habits can be submitted to similar management strategies without impairing the forage canopy exploitation by the animals.

scholarly journals The Tissue Flow in Brachiaria brizantha Pasture Under Intermittent Stocking

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Caio Vinicio Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Amorim Barbosa ◽  
Raísa Turcato de Oliveira ◽  
Emizael Menezes de Almeida ◽  
Francielly Paludo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The present work aims to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars in the system of grazing in the intermittent stocking. The experiment was conducted at EMBRAPA - Beef Cattle. The experimental delineation used was a randomized block with three treatments and three repetitions. The treatments were constituted by grasses of the same species (Brachiaria brizantha) composed by cv. Xaraés, BRS Paiaguás, and the ecotype B4. On the heights of post-grazing, it was observed an interaction between seasons of the year and cultivars. It was observed that the leaf appearance rate (LAR) was higher in the cv. BRS Paiaguás, in relation to the other pastures. The leaf elongation rate (LER) was higher in perforations of the ecotype B4. In the winter, it was registered the lowest values of leaf area index (LAI), LAR, and LER, and, as a consequence, impact in a higher leaf life duration. Although there were some structural variations between tropical climate pastures, it was possible to verify that the phenotypic plasticity of these pastures presented the same behavior, once it suffered a higher influence of abiotic factors. Therefore, all the pastures of B. brizantha converged to the same LAI indicating high phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals MORPHOGENETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA GRASS PASTURES UNDER ROTATIONAL STOCKING STRATEGIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON DE MOURA ZANINE ◽  
DOMICIO NASCIMENTO ◽  
WILTON LADEIRA DA SILVA ◽  
BRAULIO MAIA DE LANA SOUSA ◽  
DANIELE DE JESUS FERREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Lower Stem

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Guinea grass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm), during the rainy season and dry year. The leaf appearance rate varied only in the summer, the grazing pastures managed at 90/50 (light interception/post-grazing height) presented higher values in the leaf appearance rate (0.440 leaf/tiller.day), compared with those managed at 90/30 (0.275 leaf/tiller.day) and 95/50 (0.228 leaf/tiller.day), respectively. In the winter/beginning of the spring, pastures managed at 90/30 (0.03 cm/tiller.day) presented lower stem elongation rate in comparison with those managed at 90/50 (0.19 cm/tiller.day) and 95/30 (0.16 cm/tiller.day). Management strategies do not compromise the tissue flow in tillers and, consequently, can be utilized for the management of Guinea grass.

Puccinia levis var. brachiariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia levis var. brachiariae comb. nov., which causes small lesions on young stems and leaf lamina of the host plant and, where present in quantity, could significantly reduce vigour. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Malawi, Uganda, Zambia and Brazil) and hosts (Brachiaria brizantha [Urochloa brizantha], B. decumbens [Urochloa decumbens], B. humidicola [Urochloa humidicola] and an unnamed Brachiaria sp.).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document