Stabilizing Reforms As a Factor for the Development of the Republic of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Naama ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Income ◽  
Industrial Country ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

As a member of the G20, the Republic of Indonesia has huge economic power. It occupies the first place in the Southeast Asia region and the fifth place in the world in terms of economic growth rate, which reached 10.5% in 2019. From this point of view, Indonesia is an industrial country enjoying steady economic growth. Under the leadership of President Joko Widodo, the Indonesian government has implemented a number of economic reforms, the most important of which is the establishment of 19 programmes as priorities for the development agenda, which includes human resources development, building infrastructure, including new capital, increasing interconnectedness via the Maritime Highway Programme, village development, and enabling ending and sector improvement taxes through the tax amnesty programme. Despite some decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance of the Indonesian economy was better in 2020 than that of some other countries in the ASEAN region, and member countries of the G20 experienced a deeper contraction. In that period, Indonesia’s economy achieved a growth rate of 2.07%, and the World Bank boosted Indonesia’s rating within the upper middle-income countries for its success in achieving an overall increase in national income per capita from $3,840 to $4,050.

Culture Management through Prism Achievements of Kazakhstan Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Assel Imayo ◽  
Aizhan Kalibayeva
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
World Community ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

2021 year has become time for drawing the bottom line under the achievements in the field of culture and science for 30 years of independence of Kazakhstan. The high level of modern cultural potential, rich cultural heritage have become one of the leading factors in the formation of a positive image of Kazakhstan as a country with a distinctive culture and spiritual traditions that go deep into history. Creative personalities, public policy and private organizations contribute to the development and promotion of Kazakhstan’s art in the world, which invariably arouses interest of the world community. However, a problem of the popularization of Kazakh music, art, film and theater art is still relevant. In addition to examples of achievements and successful cases of Kazakhstan’s culture, in this article the authors try to consider the problem from the point of view of management in culture and show importance of the position of an art manager in the modern world of arts. To implement this issue, the authors studied publications on the achievements of various types of arts in recent years and also took into account reaction of domestic and foreign audiences to cultural products and projects from this area. This article lists specific achievements in the field of academic art. As the analysis of publications on this topic has shown, most of them were implemented by cultural figures in the last decade of independence of the republic. At the forefront is the question of the consistency and well-coordinated interaction of cultural management with the creative component of the academic sphere of art in Kazakhstan. And the most striking examples of successful cases of such interaction are given as well. This study has analytical value and can be presented at seminars and conferences as a demonstration of examples of achievements for reporting presentations in the year of the celebration of the thirtieth anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence.

scholarly journals Structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Mironov ◽  
Liudmila D. Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Preliminary Version ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

The article considers the problem of the relationship of structural changes and economic growth in the global economy and Russia in the framework of different methodological approaches. At the same time, the paper provides the analysis of complementarity of economic policy types, which, on the one hand, are aimed at developing the fundamentals of GDP growth (institutions, human capital and macroeconomic stabilization), and on the other hand, at initiating growth (with stable fundamentals) with the help of structural policy measures. In the study of structural changes in the global economy, new forms of policies of this kind have been revealed, in particular aimed at identifying sectors — drivers of economic growth based on a portfolio approach. In a given paper a preliminary version of the model of the Russian economy is provided, using a multisector version of the Thirlwall’s Law. Besides, the authors highlight a number of target parameters of indicators of competitiveness of the sectors of the Russian economy that allow us to expect its growth rate to accelerate above the exogenously given growth rate of the world economy.

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative: Interim Results and Challenges During Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
N. Pyzhikov ◽  
E. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road

The article analyses the current status of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), its key achievements and challenges, including those related to the COVID 19 pandemic. In the 2010s China has become one of world’s largest investors and BRI is one of the most important tools of Chinese investment policy. Due to its flexible structure, BRI has been able to adjust and develop in the context of the U.S. – China trade war and the growing anti-Chinese sentiment in the world that included the concerns over so called China’s debt diplomacy. But this lack of rigidity is also a challenge to those who study BRI because there is no official list of projects (estimations vary between 118 and 374) and countries participating in BRI (up to 138). China’s key BRI partner is Pakistan. The total value of projects implemented by China in Pakistan as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor was initially estimated at $46 billion but now exceeds $70 billion (new projects were signed even during the pandemic). BRI is increasing the number of its participants. In March 2019 Italy became the first G7 country to sign a BRI MoU with China. While implementing BRI China has faced such challenges as rising concerns of “China’s debt trap”, as well as ecological and political issues. In 2020 BRI is facing a new challenge with the COVID-19 pandemic. Some BRI projects were postponed because of the pandemic, but in some cases they were unaffected. There are 64 out of 138 countries participating in BRI that come from low and lower-middle income groups according to the World Bank classification. Their average ratio of foreign debt to GDP was 54% in 2018–2019. It is most likely that these countries will be hit hard by the coronacrisis. Thus the pandemic will encourage China to tighten the selection process for BRI projects with a focus on the most strategically important and cost effective ones. From the point of view of China’s BRI partners, the effect can be two-fold: the most unstable economies will increase their dependence on China, while with the economically strong countries China will be more willing to make concessions and offer more favorable conditions for cooperation.

scholarly journals Pro-poor Growth: Concepts and Measurement with Country Case Studies (Distinguished Lecture)

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4I) ◽  
pp. 417-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanak Kakwani ◽  
Hyun H. Son
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Actual Growth Rate ◽  
Actual Growth ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Increasing Function ◽  
Proportional Reduction

This paper looks into the interrelation between economic growth, inequality, and poverty. Using the notion of pro-poor growth, we examine the extent to which the poor benefit from economic growth. First, various approaches to defining and measuring propoor growth are scrutinised using a variety of criteria. It is argued that the satisfaction of a monotonicity axiom is a key criterion for measuring pro-poor growth. The monotonicity axiom sets out a condition that the proportional reduction in poverty is a monotonically increasing function of the pro-poor growth measure. The paper proposes a pro-poor growth measure that satisfies the monotonicity criterion. This measure is called a ‘poverty equivalent growth rate’, which takes into account both the magnitude of growth and how the benefits of growth are distributed to the poor and the non-poor. As the new measure satisfies the criterion of monotonicity, it is indicative that to achieve rapid poverty reduction, the poverty equivalent growth rate—rather than the actual growth rate—ought to be maximised. The methodology developed in the paper is then applied to three Asian countries, namely, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam.

scholarly journals Prospects for Vietnam’s Economy in 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 02-11
Author(s):  
NGÂN TRẦN HOÀNG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Growth Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Growth

In 2012, Vietnam?s economy faced great challenges. The world economy experienced more difficulties and complicated upheavals. International trade fell drastically while global growth rate was lower than predicted target, which affected badly the Vietnamese economy because of its full integration into the world economy and large openness. In this context, principal targets set for 2013 are macroeconomic stability, lower inflation rate, higher growth rate, three strategic breakthroughs associated with restructuring of the economy, and a new economic growth model. This paper analyzes obstacles to Vietnam?s economic growth, and offers short-term solutions to bottlenecks and long-term ones to the economic restructuring.

Evolution of the Roman Republican Senate: Composition, Election, and Judicial functions (Part 1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
L. L. Kofanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The World ◽  
Judicial Authority ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gradual Transformation

The paper deals with the Roman senatus in the period from 5th to 3rd century BC, from the point of view of its composition, completion and selected competences. As to its composition, in the most arcaic times of the Roman state, the senate was an assembly of the heads of clans (patres gentium), who represented the ideas of patricians. The autor presents gradual transformation of the composition of the senate and switch towards the inclusion of the plebeians. It describes also the process of the cooptation of the members, rules of which incurred fundamental changes from the hereditary principles to the regulation given by statutes. A significant part of the article is devoted to the judicial functions of the Senate and the relationship between the iudicium senatus and the iudicium populi, the transformation of the Senate court from a regional body to the highest, global court of the entire Mediterranean. It’s noted that if the original Roman Senate de iure was the judicial authority only one of the Latin Confederation, later after 338 BC, it becomes the Supreme court of the Latin Union, and by the end of the Republic is transformed into the «Supreme Council of the world».

scholarly journals The economic tendencies, capital and inequalities

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Slobodan Bracanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Income ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Property Income ◽  
Social Divide

Inequalities in: capital, property, income; the regulations are contemporary and global society. The rate income on capital surpasses rate the economic growth. Implement is enormous concentration of capital. Large is number a rich mans and extreme wealthy. On other side enormous majority is smaller the well-off and poor. Increase and the layer global plutocrats. Project is decelerate dynamics growth. The future is foggy uncertainty, as and full risky. Target of the work is perceive growth sociable a inequalities as the urgent contemporary the problem. Apply is various the methodology (historical, deductive-inductive, structural, comparative, statistical and other analysis). The problem it is concentration of capital and possibility reduce the social divide. Similarly swear, the problem is it and long-term the decelerate dynamics of the economic growth. Conclude is that beneficial influence powers of the convergence and (or) of the divergence, as and mixed of the efficiencies whose a resultant to be able in the direction reduce a global inequalities. Development individually a regions to be able and to dynamism of the economic growth. Philosophical and economic, rate the return of capital surpass the rate economic growth (p>g). This the trend anticipate is and in 21. century. "the first basic law of capitalism": a participation income of capital in national income (a) increase is rate the return (r) on capital and relation capital and income (b) that is a = r x b. "Other basic law of capitalism": relation capital and income (b) quotient is rate of saving (s) and rate growth of national income (g) that is b = s/g. "Law cumulative growth": rather small annual rate the return in long a deadline cause powerful growth, initial, of capital. "Law behavior": money and profit are motor activities! Richest the layer make one percentage of people (1%) on highest top of pyramid! Plutocracy create of the world politics.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the dynamics of the enterprises of the Republic of Moldova by size classes

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Alina Stratila ◽  
◽  
Rina Turcan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This article examines the patterns of enterprise development that underlie the evolution of the Moldovan economy over the period 2010-2019 (10 years). The issues of personnel involvement in the economy and labor productivity, profit and profitability of enterprises from the point of view of their classification by dimension class: large, medium, small and micro-enterprises are considered. Attempts was made for identify the regularity between the economic growth of the country and the size of the enterprise carrying out financial and economic activities. The conclusions obtained in the framework of this study allow us to conclude the level of economic development and the prospects for its further growth, including through government intervention to support a particular category of enterprises.

scholarly journals Editor-in-Chief’s introductory note

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Economic Developments

The BRICS Journal of Economics (BJoE) starts its work in the year of the Russian BRICS Chairmanship – 2020, in which the main emphasis is on the five countries' cooperation in the field of digital transformation, as well as on boosting the role of sustainable and inclusive development agenda. It is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that serves as a platform for encouraging research on internationally significant economic issues of middle-income developing countries, primarily BRICS countries. It was founded by the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, which holds high positions in the world ratings and has extremely broad partnerships with many leading universities all over the world.The journal’s objectives are to expand knowledge about contemporary economic trends in the BRICS countries, theoretical approaches and relevant academic studies that shed light on economic developments within the BRICS countries, their joint economic activities, and the role and position of BRICS in the world economy. It welcomes original research papers that present outcomes of initiatives and findings in all fields of economy and management in these countries.

scholarly journals The Role of Entrepreneurship Activity in Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Jaymin Sanchaniya ◽  
◽  
Ineta Geipele ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a summary of the literature on the significance and importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship has been shown to have been seen to lead to an overall optimistic development in many economic data. There is a general expectation that this inquiry would address the question of whether there is a correlation between the entrepreneurial enterprise and economic growth. In countries with various economic groups, different citizens are classed due to how much wealth they have. The data used in this paper were extracted from the World Bank, the World Entrepreneurship Monitor (WEM) over the last five years, and the World Economic Forum has a Database of Worldwide businesses. However, in low-middle- and middle-income nations, growth-oriented entrepreneurship is associated with economic progress. Analysis of various countries and different levels of economic growth, so it can be claimed that entrepreneurship serves a special position.

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