scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Grains Sorghum Subjected to Compression at Different Moisture Contents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Gabrielly B. Rodrigues ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Daniel E. C. de Oliveira ◽  
Lígia C. de M. Silva ◽  
Weder N. Ferreira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
Different Temperatures

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of drying at different temperatures on the mechanical properties of grains of grain sorghum subjected to compression at the natural rest position. Grains dried at temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C with different moisture contents (0.515; 0.408; 0.315; 0.234; 0.162 and 0.099 (d.b.)) were subjected to uniaxial compression between two parallel plates, applied at their natural rest position, at a rate of 0.001 m s-1. The force required to rupture in grains of grain sorghum increased as their moisture contents decreased, with values of 47.17 to 78.44 N, 61.81 to 69.66 N and 52.07 to 70.89 N for the temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C, respectively. The compression force required to deform grain sorghum decreased with the increment in moisture content, and the proportional deformation modulus increases with moisture content reduction. Within the studied range of moisture content, the values were 87 × 10-7 to 354.99 × 10-7 Pa, 132.63 × 10-7 to 465.98 × 10-7 Pa and 80.18 × 10-7 to 429.85 × 10-7 Pa for the temperatures of 60, 80 and 100 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice during drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Paulo César Corrêa ◽  
Gabriel Henrique Horta de Oliveira ◽  
André Luis Duarte Goneli ◽  
Carmen Jarén
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Value Range

This work aimed to determine the mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice grains, for different moisture contents, by obtaining their rupture force, deformation, maximum compression force and proportional deformity modulus under a compression test. Rice grains, with moisture content varying from 0.12 to 0.30 (d.b.), were subject to an uniaxial compression in order to analyze these properties. On reducting moisture content the rupture force increased from 37.2 to 70.6 N for dehulled rice and 48.0 to 79.5 N for rough rice. The average compression force varied from 131 to 171 N for dehulled rice and 203 to 283 N for rough rice. The value range of proportional deformity modulus was from 5.5 x 109 to 7.4 x 109 Pa for dehulled rice and 9.5 x 109 to 12.3 x 109 Pa for rough rice. Rough rice presented more resistance to compression compared to dehulled rice.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice during drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Paulo César Corrêa ◽  
Gabriel Henrique Horta de Oliveira ◽  
André Luis Duarte Goneli ◽  
Carmen Jarén
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Rough Rice ◽  
Value Range

This work aimed to determine the mechanical properties of rough and dehulled rice grains, for different moisture contents, by obtaining their rupture force, deformation, maximum compression force and proportional deformity modulus under a compression test. Rice grains, with moisture content varying from 0.12 to 0.30 (d.b.), were subject to an uniaxial compression in order to analyze these properties. On reducting moisture content the rupture force increased from 37.2 to 70.6 N for dehulled rice and 48.0 to 79.5 N for rough rice. The average compression force varied from 131 to 171 N for dehulled rice and 203 to 283 N for rough rice. The value range of proportional deformity modulus was from 5.5 x 109 to 7.4 x 109 Pa for dehulled rice and 9.5 x 109 to 12.3 x 109 Pa for rough rice. Rough rice presented more resistance to compression compared to dehulled rice.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of baru fruit (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Ivano Alessandro Devilla
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

This paper aimed to verify the influence of moisture content and drying temperature on the values of maximum compression strength for fixed strains (1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; and 7 mm), rupture force, and proportional deformity modulus on the baru fruit (Dipteryx alata Vogel) under compression in a natural resting position. Baru fruits with a moisture content ranging from 0.333 to 0.053 (decimal dry basis - db) were used. The fruits were uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates, in the natural resting position, and the nuts were dried at temperatures of 60, 80, and 100 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored using a gravimetric method (weight loss) to determine the initial moisture content of the product and the final moisture content. Based on our results, the compression force needed to deform the baru fruit decreased with increasing moisture content, regardless of the drying temperature. The proportional deformity modulus increased with the reduction of moisture content for all the studied temperatures. The reduced moisture content increased the force required to rupture the baru fruit, regardless of the drying temperature. The rupture forces of temperatures of 60 to 100 °C may be represented by one model.

scholarly journals Moisture content on the mechanical behavior of crambe grains

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Rafael Batista Ferreira ◽  
Renan Ullmann ◽  
Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Sigmoidal Model ◽  
Compression Resistance ◽  
Elastic Coefficients

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to verify the influence of moisture content on the values of maximum compressive strength, proportional deformity modulus, elastic coefficients d, e, and f beyond the tangent values, and maximum grain drying of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) under compression in natural resting position. Crambe grains with moisture contents ranging from 0.1547 to 0.0482 decimal db were dried at 40°C and uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates in the natural rest position. The gravimetric method was used to monitor reduction in moisture content during drying (weight loss). It was concluded that the compression force required to deform the crambe grains decreases as the moisture content increases. The proportional deformity modulus increases as the deformation decreases, yielding values between (0.09-0.27)×102MPa. Sigmoidal model described by Taylor series adequately represents the compression resistance of crambe grains in the natural rest position with moisture content lower than 0.0813db.

scholarly journals Mechanical behavior of pumpkin fruits subjected to compression during maturation

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acácio Figueiredo Neto ◽  
Francisco de Assis Cardoso Almeida ◽  
Nelson Cárdenas Olivier ◽  
Alan Christie Silva Dantas ◽  
Marcos Antonio Silva Irmão
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Deformability Modulus ◽  
The Ideal

During handling operations, many problems that reduce the quality of vegetables may occur. Mechanical injuries are the leading cause of postharvest losses for the pumpkin, and can take place at any point of the production chain. This study aimed at evaluating the pumpkin fruits behavior, during their ripening stages, on the values of maximum compression force for fixed deformations, and determining the proportional deformability modulus of the fruits under compression at the repose position. Fruits were harvested at 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after flowering and uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates. The results allowed to conclude that both the required compression force and the proportional deformability modulus increased during the maturation course, reaching a maximum force of 1,778 N and a maximum deformation modulus of 164 MPa, after 30 days. After this period, both the maximum force and the modulus values decreased, reaching 1,514.8 N of maximum force and a modulus of 132.09 MPa, after 60 days of ripening. Over the course of a longer maturation time, the fruit firmness increased, therefore requiring an increase in the maximum load to achieve greater deformation. The ideal period for harvest and transport of 'Jacarezinho' pumpkin fruits was set from 30 to 40 days after anthesis.

Moisture Sorption Behavior, and Effect of Moisture Content and Sorbitol on Thermo-Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Pectin Based Edible Films

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Maftoonazad ◽  
Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy ◽  
Michele Marcotte
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Sorption Behavior ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Moisture Contents

The moisture sorption behavior of pectin films formulated with different sorbitol content was evaluated and films with different equilibrium moisture contents were obtained. Different models were used to describe the moisture sorption isotherms (MSI) of pectin films, sorbitol and pectin powder. Based on changes observed in MSI, sorbitol was found to strongly interact with pectin polymers. Incorporation of sorbitol in pectin films resulted in lower equilibrium moisture contents at low to intermediate water activities (aw), but much higher moisture contents at aw > 0.53. Estimates of monolayer moisture values (1.53 – 3.81 g H2O kg-1 solids) were obtained by the application of Guggenheim-Anderson-DeBoer (GAB) model. A differential mechanical analyzer (DMA) was used for mechanical properties of formulated films while a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for thermal properties and glass transition temperature (Tg). With both DMA and DSC tests, the strong plasticizing action of water and sorbitol was evident. Tg vs. moisture content data were successfully fitted to the Fox empirical model. Multi-frequency DMA measurements provided estimates for the apparent activation energy (Ea) of the second glass transition in the range of 131-184 kJ/mol; the values for Ea decreased with increasing sorbitol concentration. Water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties of the films were also analyzed under varying sorbitol and moisture contents. Increasing moisture or addition of sorbitol to pectin films increased the elongation at break, but decreased the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and Tg, and increased WVP of the films.

Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Trash Relating to the Criteria Design of a Sugarcane Trash Chopping Machine

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1574-1581
Author(s):  
Nirattisak Khongthon ◽  
Somposh Sudajan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Shearing Force ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Static Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Static Coefficient

The physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane leaves were necessary for the design consideration of the relating storage, handling and processing equipment. The sugarcane trash at moisture contents of 23.40 and 73.91 % w.b. were used for this study. The mean length and unit weight of sugarcane trashes were 168.63 cm and 65.87 grams respectively. The average number of leaf of each sample was 4. The mean diameter of the thrash top, width and thickness increased with the increase of moisture from 23.40 and 73.91 % w.b.. The average leaf angles (β) relative to the horizontal plane of the first left leaf, second left leaf, first right leaf and second right leaf were 65.10, 73.36, 71.07 and 78.26 degrees for 73.91 % w.b., and 66.33, 73.50, 67.50 and 75.83 degrees for 23.40 % w.b. respectively. When the moisture content increased from 23.40 to 73.91% w.b., the static coefficient of friction increased from 0.30 to 0.43, 0.38 to 0.41, 0.30 to 0.37 and 0.54 to 0.66 for plywood, mild steel, galvanized iron and rubber plate respectively. The least static coefficient of friction occurred on the galvanized iron plate. The results from experimenting on mechanical properties showed that the maximum shearing force increased with the increase in moisture content from 23.40 to 73.91% w.b. respectively. The maximum shearing force was 360.15 and 457.32 N for moisture contents of 23.40 and 73.91% w.b.. The maximum tensile force decreased toward upper region of the leaf for both 23.40 and 73.91% w.b.. The results of this study would be useful for the design and optimization of the equipment associated with harvesting, threshing, chopping and processing.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Stems at Varying Moisture Contents

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
S. A. Fagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Shearing Energy

The physical and mechanical properties of Nigerian variety Kenaf stems Ibadan Local were studied. Plant height was ranged from 224 cm to 327 cm and maximum stem diameter was ranged from 15 mm to 50 mm. The mechanical properties revealed that maximum cutting force and shearing energy were 1778.62 N and 10.20 J, respectively for 37% moisture content while it was 742.67 N and 3.74 J for 77% moisture content. The Young’s modulus ranged from 60.04 – 266.80 MPa. The greater shearing energy was obtained at the base of the stem.

Effect of Moisture Content on Sunflower Seed Physical and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdeen Mousa Ali ◽  
Wang Yuan Zong ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Horia Mohamed Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Length Width

This study was carried out to measure some physical and mechanical properties of the sunflower seeds variety “DW667”. The physical properties (length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity) and mechanical properties (compressive load and displacement deformation for vertical and horizontal orientations) were measured at 4%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% Dray basis (d.b.) moisture contents. Higher moisture content from 4%to25% increased length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk and true density, porosity and deformation displacement at the vertical and horizontal orientations of seeds increased from 10.57 to , 4.50 to , 2.85 to , 5.13 to , 49 to 50 %, 82.95 to 94.53 mm2, 33.70 to , 286.80 to 314.98 kg/m3, 406.47 to 483.61 kg/m3, 29.22 to 34.54 %, 1.63 to 2.63 mm and 0.70 to 1.87 mm, respectively. While the required compressive force for rupture seeds decreased from 25.3 to 12.39 N and 11.5 to 5.63 N for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively with moisture contents uprising from 4 to 25 %. The findings of this study will open new windows in farm mechanization for the designing and improvement of treatment machines for this type of seed.

Molecular Dynamics Study on Uniaxial Compression Transformation of Magnesium Alloy

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150118
Author(s):  
Qianhua Yang ◽  
Chun Xue ◽  
Zhibing Chu ◽  
Yugui Li ◽  
Lifeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Different Temperatures

As a new method of calculating materials, molecular dynamics simulation can effectively reproduce the mechanical behavior of materials at the atomic level. In this paper, through the construction of the AZ31 magnesium alloy model, the uniaxial compression deformation of magnesium alloy at different temperatures and strain rate is simulated by molecular dynamics method, the mechanical properties and microstructure changes of magnesium alloy are analyzed, the phase transformation mechanism of magnesium alloy under uniaxial compression is revealed, and the effects of temperature and strain rate on the phase transformation of magnesium alloy are explored at the nanometer scale. It provides a theoretical basis and necessary basic knowledge for the design and development of Mg-based nanostructured alloys with excellent mechanical properties.

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