scholarly journals Antagonistic effect of fungi from Scots pine stump roots against Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kwaśny
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Forest Conditions

The study presents quantitative and qualitative aspects of fungal colonization of the 2-year-old stump roots of the 30- and 49-year-old Scots pines, and biotic relations between fungi inhabiting the stump roots and major agent s of butt and root rot in Poland, i.e.: <i>H. annosum</i> and <i>A. ostoyae</i>. Compared to the live roots, the increase in density of fungi communities as well as the frequency of the fungi antagonistic towards <i>H. annosum</i> and <i>A. ostoyae</i>, particularly of <i>Trichoderma</i> species. in pine stump roots resulted in the increase of the suppressive effect of these communities towards both pathogens, studied in vitro. This finding may suggest a stronger resistance of pine stump roots to <i>H. annosum</i> and <i>A. ostoyae</i> what under forest conditions may be the example of natural control of both pathogens.

scholarly journals Fungal communities in soil beneath Scots pine and their stumps. Effect of fungi on Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kwaśna
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae

The soil beneath 30-year-old Scots pines, was inhabited by fungi communities which were at least iwicc as big as communities from ihe 49-year-old stand. The fungi communities in soil beneath the stumps were much smaller compared to those beneath the live trees and more abundant in the 30- than in the 49--year-old stand. The fungal communities in soil beneath the 30-year-old pines have bigger antagonistic effect on <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> and <i>Armillaria ostoyae</i> than those beneath the 49-year-old stand. The decrease in density of fungi and in the frequency of species antagonistic to <i>H. annosum</i> and </i>A. ostoyae</i> resulted in the decrease of the antagonistic effect on both pathogens in soil beneath pine stumps.

Biological control of foot and root rot in pea caused by Fusarium solani with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Oyarzun ◽  
J. Postma ◽  
A. J. G. Luttikholt ◽  
A. E. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Field Soils

Two nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were examined for their ability to counteract F. solani f.sp. pisi, which causes foot and dry root rot in pea. Antagonism was studied in vitro, in a sterilized field soil, and in six natural field soils. Besides native F. solani, other typical pea root rot pathogens occurred in the natural field soils. Both nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates reduced disease severity and prevented the plant weight losses that occurred owing to F. solani f.sp. pisi in sterilized soil. Precolonization of sterilized soil with nonpathogenic isolates increased the antagonistic effect. Also, in highly infested field soils the addition of nonpathogenic isolates resulted in lower disease severities and higher yields. Colonization of the soil organic matter by F. oxysporum reached 100% in sterilized soil, independent of the presence of F. solani, and 40 – 90% in naturally infested soils containing native F. solani. The performance of benomyl-resistant mutants of F. oxysporum did not differ from their wild types. Key words: antagonism, soil organic matter, colonization, Pisum sativum.

scholarly journals Resistance of Scots pine half-sib families to Heterobasidion annosum in progeny field trials

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adas Marčiulynas ◽  
Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė ◽  
Povilas Žemaitis ◽  
Āris Jansons ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sib Families

Five Scots pine ( L.) progeny field trials, each established in different Lithuanian regions of provenance in 1983, were studied. Each progeny field trial consists of 140 half-sib families from seven populations (20 families from each population). The evaluation was carried out in 2012 and 2018 to assess the families resistance to (Fr.) Bref. An index of resistance in the infected plots was calculated. To verify the accuracy of the method, total phenolic compounds (TPC) was chosen as key parameter to compare with the plant resistance index. During the six years between the two assessments, the percentage of living Scots pine trees in the progeny field trials decreased up to 20 percentage points (range: 4 p.p. to 20 p.p.). In 2018 the area of damaged plots (in percentage from total field trial area) varied from 17 to 27%. Tree mortality in the trial correlates with site soil fertility – more fertile soils were distinguished by higher tree percentage loss and . Using analysis from combined data of all progeny trials, the family variance component reached 13.3 ± 2.2% and family heritability was 0.81. Family heritability estimates for root rot resistance show possibilities of high breeding effectiveness. The correlations between the trials in family resistance estimates were negligible (ranging from 0 to 0.28). The significant high correlation coefficient was determined between the resistance index and TPC concentration ( = 0.77,  = 0.0003). This allows us to assume that plant resistance is directly linked on TPC synthesis. The results indicate that the chosen methods of chemical resistance for identification of root rot-resistant genotypes are applicable for the selection of Scots pine half-sib families in the field trials with higher resistance to pathogens.Pinus sylvestrisHeterobasidion annosumH. annosumvice versarp

scholarly journals Microbial Origin of Aquaponic Water Suppressiveness against Pythium aphanidermatum Lettuce Root Rot Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Gilles Stouvenakers ◽  
Sébastien Massart ◽  
Pierre Depireux ◽  
M. Haïssam Jijakli
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Root Microbiota

Aquaponic systems are an integrated way to produce fish and plants together with mutual benefits. Fish provide nutrients to plants on the one side, and plant nutrients uptake allow water reuse for fish on the other side. In this kind of system, the use of phytosanitary treatments to control plant pathogens is sensitive because of the risk of toxicity for fish present in the same water loop, especially coupled aquaponics. Among plant pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum is a most problematic microorganism due to the Oomycete’s capacity to produce mobile form of dispersion (zoospores) in the recirculated water. Therefore, this study aimed at elucidating the potential antagonistic capacity of aquaponic water against P. aphanidermatum diseases. It was shown that aquaponic water presented an inhibitory effect on P. aphanidermatum mycelial growth in in vitro conditions. The same result was observed when lettuce plants growing in aquaponic water were inoculated by the same plant pathogen. Aquaponic lettuce was then compared to lettuce grown in hydroponic water or complemented aquaponic water (aquaponic water plus mineral nutrients). The disease was suppressed in the presence of aquaponic water, contrary to lettuce grown in hydroponic water or complemented aquaponic water. Root microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA and ITS Illumina sequencing to determine the cause of this aquaponic suppressive action. It was determined that the diversity and the composition of the root microbiota were significantly correlated with the suppressive effect of aquaponic water. Several taxa identified by metabarcoding were suspected to be involved in this effect. Moreover, few of these microorganisms, at the genus level, are known to have an antagonistic effect against P. aphanidermatum. These innovative results indicate that aquaponic water could be an interesting and novel source of antagonistic agents adapted to control P. aphanidermatum diseases in soilless culture.

Mesenchymal stromal cell–derived CCL2 suppresses plasma cell immunoglobulin production via STAT3 inactivation and PAX5 induction

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 4991-4998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moutih Rafei ◽  
Jeremy Hsieh ◽  
Simon Fortier ◽  
MengYang Li ◽  
Shala Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Cc Chemokines ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Transcription 3

Abstract We demonstrate that the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) suppresses plasma cell (PC) immunoglobulin (Ig) production, induces plasmablast proliferation, and leads to interleukin-10–mediated blockade in vitro. We found that these effects are the result of MSC-derived CC chemokine ligands CCL2 and CCL7. More specifically, MSCs further processed these CC chemokines by the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to the generation of proteolytically processed antagonistic CCL2 variant. Neutralizing CCL2 or inhibiting MMP enzymatic activity abolished the PC-suppressive effect of MSCs. We also observed that MMP-processed CCL2 suppresses signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in PC. As a result, the transcription factor PAX5 is induced, thus explaining the inhibition of Ig synthesis. The absence of inhibitory effects by MSC on the humoral response of CCR2−/− mice to xenoantigen suggests that MMP-cleaved CCL2/CCR2 interaction as well as downstream phosphatase activity is necessary for antagonistic effect. We tested syngeneic MSCs in hemophilic B6 mice with predeveloped antihuman factor VIII (hFVIII) antibodies and demonstrated a robust decrease in hFVIII-specific IgG levels. Thus, MSCs may play a role in modulating Ig production by PCs via MMP processing of CCL2 and may represent an appealing cell therapy approach for pathologic humoral responses.

scholarly journals Impact of Trichoderma sp. on the Development of Heterobasidion Annosum in Decayed Understory Picea Abies Stumps

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Kristīne Kenigsvalde ◽  
Dina Nitiša ◽  
Dace Saulīte ◽  
Kari Korhonen ◽  
Līvija Vulfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Abstract Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l. causes significant economic losses in conifer forests. Therefore, to reduce the spread of the infection surfaces of freshly cut conifer, stumps are commonly treated with biological control agents. Trichoderma sp. shows very strong antagonistic effect against H. annosum in vitro, but relatively few field studies have been conducted. Moreover, most of previous studies examined the impact of Trichoderma sp. on H. annosum in healthy conifer stumps. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma sp. against H. annosum in already decayed understory spruce stumps. In total, 75 decayed spruce stumps were surveyed. Part of the spruce stumps were left as a control, and the others were treated with one of two Trichoderma isolates (T472 and T945) belonging to two different species: T. viridescens and T. viride. The occurrence of H. annosum was evaluated 3 and 12 months after treatment. The main results were that the area of previously healthy wood occupied by H. annosum was larger in control stumps in comparison with treated stumps, but the differences were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Annosum root rot in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest plantations. Problems and ways to deal with them

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Высоцкий ◽  
О.М. Корчагин
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
High Level

Приведены результаты научных исследований ВНИИЛГИСбиотеха по селекции сосны и многолетних наблюдений за состоянием деревьев разных селекционных категорий в очагах корневой губки. Исследования проводились в естественных и искусственных насаждениях в разных экологических условиях. В качестве показателя биологической смолопродуктивности применялся выход живицы с единицы ранения при одинаковой средней для насаждения нагрузке деревьев в расчете на 1 см диаметра ствола. Взаимовлияние штаммов патогенна и триходермы исследовалось в лабораторных условиях на искусственной сусло- агаровой питательной среде. Установлены высокий уровень наследования селектируемого признака как при вегетативном, так и семенном способах размножения, и корреляция устойчивости сосны к корневой губке со смолопродуктивной способностью деревьев, что является биологической основой для создания на селекционной основе высокосмолопродуктивных насаждений целевого назначения повышенной устойчивости к корневой губке. Показано, что катастрофическое распространение болезни сосны в Европейской части России является следствием интенсивной вырубки естественных лесов, выращивания монокультур хвойных пород на нелесных площадях и отсутствия эффективных мер борьбы с патогеном. Не решают проблему и сплошные санитарные рубки, с применением которых высококачественная сырорастущая древесина переводится в сухостой и происходит преждевременный распад насаждений. Обоснована возможность селекции сосны по комплексу хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Разработана схема селекционного процесса по созданию на селекционной основе высокосмолопродуктивных насаждений сосны обыкновенной целевого назначения повышенной биологической устойчивости к корневой губке. Для противодействия патогену необходимо разработать и внедрить в лесохозяйственное производство комплекс превентивных мер, направленных не на борьбу с патогеном в поражённых и разрушающихся лесных массивах, а на создание устойчивых насаждений. We present the scientific findings obtained by the Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology through the researches on the pine breeding and the results of the long-term observations over the trees of different selective categories in the nidi of annosum root rot (Heterobasidion annosum). The researches were conducted in natural and planted forests under different environmental conditions. We used soft resin yield from one surface wound per 1 cm of the trunk diameter (given equal average for this forest stand tapping intensity) as a resin productivity criterion. The mutual influence of pathogenic strains and trichoderma (Trichodermae viridi Sp.) was studied in laboratory conditions on a wort-agar growth medium. We have stated high level of resin productivity inheritance through both vegetative and seed propagation and a strong correlation between pine-tree’s resistance to annosum root rot and its resin productivity. This fact should be used as a biological basis for creation of purpose-oriented forest stands with high level of resin productivity which will be highly resistant to annosum root rot. We have also shown that the catastrophic expansion of the pathogen in the European part of Russia is due to intensive harvesting in indigenous forests, cultivation of conifers monocultures on non-forest areas and the lack of effective methods for control of the pathogen. Sanitation clear felling does not solve the problem, because its use transforms high-quality raw wood into deadwood and leads to premature forest degradation. We have scientifically proven the possibility of pine breeding for the set of valuable characteristics. We have also devised a breeding process scheme for creation of special purpose-oriented highly resistant to annosum root rot plantations of Scots pine with high level of resin productivity. In order to prevent further spread of the pathogen our forestry needs a set of preventive measures and we should focus on creation of sustainable forest stands instead of fighting the pathogen in already affected and decaying forests.

scholarly journals From the investigations on Armillaria root rot occurrence in young Scots pine stands in Zielonka Forest District

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Szewczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Armillaria root rot, one of the most dangerous diseases in our forests, is caused in Poland mainly by <i>Armillaria ostoyae</i>, especially severe in young Scots pine stands, established after broadleaved stands or with participation of broadleaved species. In Forest District Zielonka young stands are severly affected by Armillaria root rot. Only one species, A.ostoyae, was found in the young (8-14 yrs) Scots pine stands, despite the presence of other <i>Armillaria</i> species in the district. The pathogen's frequent occurrence may be due, <i>inter alia</i>, to favouring environmental factors.

scholarly journals Characterization of endophytic yeast and its suppressive effect on root rotting fungi of tomato under neem cake soil amendment

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Jamal ◽  
Hafiza Farhat ◽  
Faizah Urooj ◽  
Afshan Rahman ◽  
Muhammed Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background The exposure of crops to a variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens leads to huge economic losses. Different strategies are being adapted to control these diseases among which the application of chemicals fungicide is common. However, these chemicals are posing a serious threat to the environment. For biological management of root rot disease of tomato and better fruit quality, studies were conducted on the possible use of endophytic yeast as a biocontrol agent. Results Endophytic yeasts were isolated from healthy plants and identified. Identification of selected isolates was confirmed on the basis of 18S rDNA gene sequencing. They were evaluated for suppressive effect on root rotting fungi in vitro and also in vivo on tomato plants, used alone or under neem cake soil amendment. Seventy-six isolates of yeasts were evaluated against root rotting fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina using dual culture plate assay. Seventy-five isolates were found to suppress radial growth of F. oxysporum, F. solani and M. phaseolina by producing zones of inhibition or lysing the fungal hyphae. However, none of the isolates was found to inhibit R. solani in vitro. Most of the isolates also caused nematicidal activity at varying degree against Meloidogyne javanica. All test isolates produced indole acetic acid in vitro and solubilized phosphorus. In pots and field plot experiments, test isolates of yeasts were able to suppress root rotting fungi on tomato in natural soil and soil amended with neem cake with enhancement of growth of tomato plants. Yeasts were also found to ameliorate the plant resistance through enhancing polyphenolic contents, salicylic acid and antioxidant activity. Conclusions Endophytic yeasts were found effective against root rot disease of tomato and could be used as a potential biocontrol agent for the management of soil-borne diseases of tomatoes.

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