scholarly journals Needle anatomy suggests hybridization between the relict turfosa form of Pinus sylvestris L. from the Gązwa peat bóg and typical Scots pine

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Polok ◽  
Marta Przybyła ◽  
Włodzimierz Pisarek ◽  
Ewa Chudzińska ◽  
Roman Zieliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Needle Anatomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phenotypic Groups

The aim of this study was to characterize the turfosa form of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> from the Gazwa peat bog reserve in terms of 16 anatomical needle traits and to determine whether pines with a typical morphotype inhabiting the peat bog have been so successful thanks to hybridization with the unique tufosa ecotype. Investigations were conducted on three phenotypic groups of Scots pine growing in the peat bog. The first two groups consisted of 30 tufosa trees at the age of 117-217 years and 20 trees at the age of 30-85 years. The third group consisted of typical pines represented by 10 trees at the age of 20-55 years. In total 30 trees of typical pine, surrounding the peat bog, at the age of 100-150 years served as outgroup. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance with the F test, Tukey's test, and a number of multivariate analyses were used to estimate differences between the studied groups of trees based on 16 anatomical needle characteristics. The old turfosa form from the Gazwa reserve proved to be a unique and relict peat bog pine, as it was shown by the differences in 10 analyzed needle traits in comparison to pine with a typical morphotype growing in the areas surrounding the peat bog. The young typical pines have adapted to conditions found in the peat bog owing to hybridization with the turfosa forms. The young turfosa trees differed from the old turfosa trees and also they have probably been of a hybrid origin. The old turfosa form from the Gazwa reserve is a threatened ecotype due to its hybridization with pines from the population surrounding the peat bog.

scholarly journals Interpopulation genetic-ecological variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Lucic ◽  
Vasilije Isajev ◽  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Marijana Novakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Ecological Variation ◽  
The Third

The genetic-ecological variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Serbia was studied in the populations at five localities in western and south-western Serbia. Three groups of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations were differentiated based on genetic research (seed protein analysis) and plant community research. The first group consists of Scots pine populations on Sargan (FMU ?Sargan?) and on Tara (FMU ?Kaluderske Bare?), where the forests belong to the community of Scots pine and Austrian pine (Pinetum sylvestris-nigrae Pavlovic 1951). The second group covers the localities Stolovi (FMU ?Radocelo-Crepuljnik?) and Zlatar (FMU ?Zlatar I?), where the forests belong to the community of Scots pine and spruce (Piceo abietis-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanovic 1960). The third group comprises the Scots pine population on Pester (FMU ?Dubocica-Bare?) which belongs to the community of Scots pine with erica (Erico-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanovic 1963). Cluster analysis was performed on the basis of seed protein data and showed that there are three groups of Scots pine populations. The three populations coincide with plant communities. The community of Scots pine with erica (Erico-Pinetum sylvestris Stefanovic 1963) recorded on Pester at the locality ?Dubocica- Bare? in the area of FE ?Golija? Ivanjica, is a special Scots pine population displayed at the greatest distance from all other populations in the cluster analysis dendrogram.

scholarly journals Warming and elevated ozone differently modify needle anatomy of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Kivimäenpää ◽  
Sirkka Sutinen ◽  
Hanna Valolahti ◽  
Elina Häikiö ◽  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Needle Anatomy ◽  
Elevated Ozone

Acclimation of conifer needle anatomy to climate change is poorly understood. We studied needle anatomy, shoot gas exchange, current-year shoot length, and stem diameter growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings exposed to elevated ozone (1.35× to 1.5× ambient concentration) and elevated temperature (0.9–1.3 °C + ambient temperature) alone and in combination for two exposure seasons in two separate open-field experiments in central Finland. Pines grew also at two soil nitrogen levels. In spruce, warming increased mesophyll intercellular space and reduced gas exchange and shoot growth and made needles narrower and the epidermis and hypodermis thinner. In pine, warming made needles bigger, increased shoot and stem growth, stomatal row number, and proportions of vascular cylinder, phloem, and xylem and reduced the proportion of mesophyll. These responses indicate that pine benefited and spruce suffered from moderate warming. Ozone caused a thickening of epi- and hypo-dermis and a lower stomatal conductance in both species, reduced stomatal density in spruce, and increased proportions of phloem, xylem, and sclerenchyma and reduced growth in pine. Ozone responses suggest increased oxidative stress defense. Stomatal responses were affected by interactions of elevated temperature and ozone in both species. Nitrogen availability modified ozone and temperature responses, particularly in the vascular tissues in pine.

scholarly journals The effect of beetles on the dispersal stages of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya & Enda (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in wood chips of Pinus sylvestris L.

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Tomminen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Mucronatus ◽  
Dispersal Stage ◽  
Pine Wood Chips ◽  
Acanthocinus Aedilis

The effect of the presence of beetle adults (Monochamus galloprovincialis, Acanthocinus aedilis, Rhagium inquisitor and Hylobius abietis) in Scots pine wood chips on the occurrence of the third (Lᵢᵢᵢ) and the fourth (Lᵢᵥ) dispersal stage of the nematode Bursaphelenchus mucronatus was studied. Possible infestation of the beetles with Lᵢᵥ of the nematode while being in close contact with the pine chips was also explored. Adults of M. galloprovincialis and A. aedilis contributed to B. mucronatus Lᵢ formation in the chips. Callow adults of M. galloprovincialis were more efficient elicitors of moulting of Lᵢᵢᵢ into Lᵢᵥ than emerged beetles of the same species. Only M. galloprovincialis adults became infested with Lᵢᵥ callow beetles containing more nematodes than emerged beetles.

The effect of mistletoe (Viscum album) on branch wood and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Ozturk ◽  
Kadir Alperen Coskuner ◽  
Yetkin Usta ◽  
Bedri Serdar ◽  
Ertugrul Bilgili
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Needle Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Area ◽  
One Year ◽  
Double Wall ◽  
Branch Wood

ABSTRACTMistletoes are hemi-parasitic plants growing on many tree species. They grow on the tree branches or trunk of a tree and form root-like structures called haustoria that penetrate into the tree, taking up water and mineral nutrients. Mistletoe is capable of causing a variety of effects to its hosts, including changes in wood formation and leaf development. We investigate and discuss the effects of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum, Santalaceae) on branch wood and needle anatomy of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris, Pinaceae). Parasitized and nonparasitized branches of Scots pine were sampled from host tree crowns of trees growing on the same site. Branches were taken from mid-crown facing south. They were cut at 2 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the mistletoe on each host branch and at the corresponding position in the case of uninfected branches from the same host. The wood anatomy at proximal and distal parts and the parts at the corresponding position in the non-parasitized section was compared. The anatomy of one-year-old needles from both parasitized and non-parasitized branches was also compared. Mistletoe had significant influences on wood and needle anatomy. The major changes were the decreases in the double wall thickness, lumen area, tangential lumen area and radial lumen area of the tracheids in the wood and a decrease in vascular area in the needles. These results help to understand how mistletoe acts on its host.

scholarly journals Variation of morphological needle characters of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in different habitats

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Urbaniak ◽  
Leszek Karliński ◽  
Remigiusz Popielarz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Flat Side ◽  
Character Correlations

We investigated the phenotypic variation of five morphological needle characters of Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) in three populations. Two of the populations occurred in bogs and the third one formed a degraded fresh pine forest showing some features of a dry pine forest. The greatest variation was found in characters a (needle length), b and d, denoting the number of stomatal rows respectively on the convex and flat sides of the needle. Conversely, characters c and e (average number of stomata per 2 mm of needle length on the convex and the flat side of the needle) were stable, with little interindividual variation. The two bog populations and the dryland population exhibited different sets of character correlations. The interpopulation differentiational detected on the basis of morphological character expression was markedly influenced by both the different edaphic conditions, and the distinct genetic structure of the studied populations.

Pengaruh Pemberian Moringa oleifera Terhadap Kuantitas dan Kualitas Semen Sapi Peranakan Ongole

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Lukman Affandhy ◽  
Muchamad Luthfi ◽  
Dian Ratnawati ◽  
Frediansyah Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Second Period

ABSTRAK  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bubuk daun Moringa oleifera (MO) terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas semen sapi peranakan ongole (PO). Metode penelitian menggunakan percobaan lapang dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan pemberian MO sebesar 0 kg/ekor/hari (P1); 0,05 kg/ekor/hari (P2) dan 0,1 kg/ekor/hari (P3). Analsis data menggunakan one way analysis of variance. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas empat ekor dengan tiga periode pengamatan sebagai ulangan, yaitu periode pertama dan ketiga tanpa MO, dan periode kedua diberikan MO pada P2 dan P3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa volume dan pH semen perlakuan P1, P2 dan P3 tidak berbeda semua periode pengamatan. Motilitas massa spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukan nilai +++ berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan P1 (++); motilitas individu  perlakuan P1 menunjukkan nilai terendah 60,56±2,94 % (P<0,05) dibandingkan P2 dan P3 pada periode kedua dan ketiga (75,50±2,29 dan 72,50±2,34%). Konsentrasi spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukkan rata-rata  >1.350 juta/ml berbeda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (876±152juta/ml), sedangkan total spermatozoa motil menunjukkan nilai tertinggi 5.647±829 juta/ml pada P3 periode kedua.Viabilitas spermatozoa P2 dan P3 menunjukkan nilai >88-89 % beda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (<84 %) pada periode kedua dan ketiga, sedangkan nilai abnormalitas spermatozoa yang terbaik adalah P2 sebesar 4,30% pada periode kedua dan P3 sebesar 5,33% pada periode ketiga. Disimpulkan pemberian bubuk daun MO dengan dosis 0,1 kg/ekor/hari dapat memperbaiki kuantitas dan kualitas semen (viabilitas dan total spermatozoa motil) sapi pejantan PO.Kata kunci:  kuantitas dan kualitas semen, Moringa oleifera, sapi pejantan ABSTRACTThe research aimed to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder on the quantity and quality of semen of ongole crossbreed. The research method used was a field experiment with a completely randomized design with three treatments giving MO of 0 kg/head/day (P1); 0.05 kg/head/day (P2) and 0.1 kg/head/day (P3). Each treatment consisted of four heads with three periods of observation as replications, namely the first and third periods without MO, and the second period was given MO on P2 and P3. Data analysis used a one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the volume and pH of semen treated P1, P2, and P3 didn’t different in all observation periods. The second and third period spermatozoa mass motility of P2 and P3 showed that the value of +++ was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to P1 (++); Individual motility of P1 treatment showed the lowest value 60,56±2,94 % (P<0.05) compared to P2 and P3 in the second and third periods (75,50±2,29 and 72,50±2,34%). The second and third periods of P2 and P3 spermatozoa concentrations showed an average of >1,350 million/cc significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (876±152 million/cc), while the total motile spermatozoa showed the highest value of 5,647±829 million/cc in the second period P3. The spermatozoa viability of P2 and P3 showed values >88-89% significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (<84%) in the second and third periods, while the best spermatozoa abnormalities were P2 at 4.30% in the second period and P3 at 5.33% in the third period. It was concluded that the giving of MO leaf powder at a dose of 0,1 kg/head/day could improve the quantity and quality of semen (viability and total motile spermatozoa) of Ongole Crossbreed bulls. Keywords: bulls, Moringa oleifera, quantity and quality of semen

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