Is Gambling Contagious? An Analysis of Electronic Gambling Machine Clustering in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-70
Author(s):  
Johannes Jasny
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Gambling Activity ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
German Regions ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Agglomeration Effects ◽  
Clustering Effect ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machine

There are sizeable differences in the Electronic Gambling Machine (EGM) supply among German regions. Furthermore, the EGM supply concentrates in certain regions which results in gambling hot spots. Interestingly the spatial clustering of EGM supply is still observed when we control for agglomeration effects caused by population. This leads to the question why the EGM supply concentrates in some regions and remains low in others. We argue that the concentration of supply can be mostly explained by the socioeconomic characteristics of these regions. This paper makes three central contributions to the location based gambling research. First, it visualizes the absolute and relative supply of EGMs in German communities and highlights the spatial clustering of high and low EGM density regions. Second, it implements socioeconomic and geographical control variables for a more distinct description of regional differences. Third, it employs spatial econometric modelling to quantify and explain the occurrence of EGM hot spots. For our analysis we use census and EGM market data. The main finding implies, that there is a clear clustering of the EGM supply across regions at first, but when considering the socioeconomic characteristics / deprivation of the regions, most of the clustering effect is erased. The model explains most of the clustering effect which appears to exist only when there is no slender consideration of the socioeconomic differences across regions. This result supports the hypothesis that high gambling activity in one region does not affect the gambling activity in neighboring regions.

scholarly journals Gambling and Problem Gambling in Canada in 2018: Prevalence and Changes Since 2002: Le Jeu et le Jeu Problématique au Canada en 2018 : Prévalence et Changements Depuis 2002

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372098008
Author(s):  
Robert J. Williams ◽  
Carrie A. Leonard ◽  
Yale D. Belanger ◽  
Darren R. Christensen ◽  
Nady el-Guebaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Type Of Gambling ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machine

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an updated profile of gambling and problem gambling in Canada and to examine how the rates and pattern of participation compare to 2002. Method: An assessment of gambling and problem gambling was included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey and administered to 24,982 individuals aged 15 and older. The present analyses selected for adults (18+). Results: A total of 66.2% of people reported engaging in some type of gambling in 2018, primarily lottery and/or raffle tickets, the only type in which the majority of Canadians participate. There are some significant interprovincial differences, with perhaps the most important one being the higher rate of electronic gambling machine (EGM) participation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The overall pattern of gambling in 2018 is very similar to 2002, although participation is generally much lower in 2018, particularly for EGMs and bingo. Only 0.6% of the population were identified as problem gamblers in 2018, with an additional 2.7% being at-risk gamblers. There is no significant interprovincial variation in problem gambling rates. The interprovincial pattern of problem gambling in 2018 is also very similar to what was found in 2002 with the main difference being a 45% decrease in the overall prevalence of problem gambling. Conclusions: Gambling and problem gambling have both decreased in Canada from 2002 to 2018 although the provincial patterns are quite similar between the 2 time periods. Several mechanisms have likely collectively contributed to these declines. Decreases have also been reported in several other Western countries in recent years and have occurred despite the expansion of legal gambling opportunities, suggesting a degree of inoculation or adaptation in the population.

A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Schistosomiasis in Hunan Province, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-531
Author(s):  
Enru Wang ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhao ◽  
Changhong Miao ◽  
Zhongcai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Schistosomiasis Japonica ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on annual parasitological data recently collected at county and village levels, this article presents a multiscale spatiotemporal analysis of transmission risk of schistosomiasis japonica in Hunan Province during 2001 to 2015 in a geographic information system environment. The study shows that the incidence and prevalence rate of human Schistosoma japonicum infection in Hunan Province decreased after 2001. A spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals the existence of spatial clusters of human Schistosoma japonicum infection and a growing tendency of spatial clustering over time. The identification of high-risk areas (hot spots) helps find areas of priority for future implementation of control strategies. The research demonstrates the importance of spatial scale in public health studies.

Pattern, predictors and clustering of handwashing practices in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 175717742097375
Author(s):  
Manas Ranjan Pradhan ◽  
Sourav Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
District Level ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Development Goals

Background: Research on handwashing continues to draw researchers’ interest owing to its public health importance and significance in the reduction of infectious diseases. The aims of this study are to: (1) understand the pattern and predictors of handwashing using soap/detergent and water; and (2) assess the spatial clustering of handwashing through soap/detergent and water at the district level in India. Methods: Data of households where the place for handwashing was observed by the research investigators (n = 582,064), gathered through the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–2016), were used for this analysis. The availability of soap/detergent and water at the usual place of handwashing was assumed to be used for handwashing. Binary logistic regression was carried out to examine the adjusted effect of socioeconomic characteristics on the use of soap/detergent and water for handwashing. The univariate local indicator of spatial association (LISA) cluster map and Moran’s I statistics were applied for assessing spatial autocorrelations at the district level. Analyses were carried out with IBM-SPSS Software. Results: Two-fifths of Indian households do not use both soap/detergent and water for handwashing. Households using both the cleansing elements vary considerably by socioeconomic characteristics— worse for the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. There is spatial clustering in the use of soap/detergent and water for handwashing: lower in a cluster of districts in eastern India. Conclusion: Results suggest the need to generate awareness, particularly among the socioeconomically weaker populations, about advantages of hand hygiene, which will reduce the prevalence of infectious diseases like COVID-19 and be helpful to achieve many Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Masers as probes of supersonic turbulence

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S242) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Strelnitski
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Velocity Correlation ◽  
Velocity Correlation Function ◽  
Integral Effect ◽  
Water Masers ◽  
Point Velocity ◽  
Random Shocks ◽  
Maser Sources

AbstractA possible intimate connection between astrophysical masers in regions of star formation and turbulence has been a subject of increasing interest during the last two decades. Evidence for the presence of a residual turbulent component in the observed expansion and rotation of clusters of water masers was shown by multi-epoch VLBI maps. The water maser hot spots demonstrate self-similar (fractal) spatial clustering and a power-law two-point velocity correlation function similar to that of incompressible turbulence – with the power index close to “Kolmogorov's” 1/3. The possibility of using maser sources for studying supersonic turbulence critically depends on whether the observed hot spots are an integral effect of radiative transfer over a large distance, comparable to the size of the whole maser source, or whether they are compact local physical objects, such as small random shocks, in which the mechanical energy of turbulence dissipates. If the latter hypothesis is correct, the compact and bright maser hot spots may be excellent local probes of the spatial and kinematic structure of supersonic turbulence. Observational and theoretical arguments for and against these hypotheses are discussed and the first quantitative results about supersonic turbulence obtained by statistical analysis of maser sources are presented in this review.

scholarly journals Rationalization as a Dissonance Management Strategy among Electronic Gambling Machine Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Tara Hahmann ◽  
Eva Monson
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machines ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Electronic Gambling Machine ◽  
Game Type

Erroneous gambling-related beliefs are well researched in light of their association with problem gambling, with some research suggesting these beliefs also serve as justifications for gambling behaviour. The process of justification (i.e., rationalization) can provide insights into how those who gamble resolve dissonance resulting from persistent loss in the gambling context. Using in-depth interviews of 43 participants who identified electronic gambling machines as their preferred game type and were either experiencing gambling problems or were at risk of developing a problem, this study details how dissonance is managed through rationalizations in line with the Dawson (1999) framework. This framework is based on research of religious groups surviving prophetic disconfirmation and is employed here to highlight the contextual and socio-cultural underpinnings of rationalizations along with their supernatural and pseudo-religious qualities. Rationalizations reflect broader socio-cultural beliefs around morality, work, speculation, perseverance, and the supernatural. Implications for treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 and Comorbidities in New England

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
Chae Man Lee ◽  
Taylor Jansen ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Maki Karakida ◽  
Frank Porell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
New England ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Abstract At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified chronic conditions which elevated the risk of COVID-19 complications: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, and obesity. The aim of this study is to visualize the spatial distribution of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and local rates of comorbidities in CT, MA, NH, and RI and to identify the spatial clustering of hot spot between COVID-19 cases and rates of a summary measure of comorbidities across communities. This study collected data from state’s departments of public health in 4 New England states of confirmed COVID-19 cases as of February 25th, 2021 and extracted community-level rates of comorbidities among adults age 65+ from recent Healthy Aging Data Report (www.healthyagingdatareports.org). Results showed that the cities Bridgeport, CT (n=14,637), Boston, MA (n=57,912), Manchester, NH (n=9,658), and Providence, RI (n=26,792) had the highest rates of COVID-19 and the highest population density. The GIS based map illustrated that the largest cities with the highest population densities had both relatively high incidences of COVID-19 and heavy burdens of comorbidities. This study found that the hot spot areas of COVID-19 were observed in communities with the highest chronic disease burdens. These hot spots of COVID-19 and comorbidities are areas where resources (testing, masks, vaccines) should be surged to protect the community. The identification of hot spots may motivate residents to take every mitigation step to prevent and control COVID-19.

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